Germanicus Mirault Explained

Germanicus Mirault
Birth Date:	1796
Birth Place:	Angers, France
Nationality:	French
Fields:	Surgery

Germanicus Mirault was a French surgeon who pioneered cleft lip surgery.

Early life

Germanicus Mirault was born in Angers on either 29 February or 1 March 1796 (1796 was a leap year).^{[1] [2]} His father and grandfather were also surgeons, with his father specialising in ophthalmology.

Education

Mirault first began studying medicine under his father in 1814. Moving to Paris to continue his studies, he presented his thesis in 1823 on keratitis.^[3]

Medical career

Together with Joseph-François Malgaigne, Mirault introduced flap transposition for cleft-lip closure.^{[4] [5]} In 1935, this work was championed by Victor Veau, who stated "Mirault is the genius of cleft lip surgery".^[6] He made other key contributions to maxillofacial surgical procedures, including the first ligature of a human lingual artery in 1833 and pioneering a method of temporary occlusion of the eyelids when correcting a post-burn ectropion, which is still in use today.^[7]

Awards

Mirault was awarded by the Académie des Sciences in 1869 for his work on eyelid surgery.

Death

Mirault died on 19 January 1879 in Angers.

Notes and References

1. 8927924 . 1996 . Dupoirieux . L . Penneau . M . The contribution of Germanicus Mirault to maxillofacial surgery in general and to surgery of the cleft lip in particular . 97 . 4 . 195–201 . Revue de Stomatologie et de Chirurgie Maxillo-faciale.
2. Mirault . Germanicus . 1976 . Commentary By Dr. Robert H. Ivy . Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery . 57 . 4 . 506–7 . 10.1097/00006534-197604000-00017.
3. Book: Mirault . Germanicus . Faculté de médecine de Paris . amp . Dissertation sur l'anatomie et l'inflammation de la cornée transparente . Imprimerie de Didot le Jeune . Paris, France . 1823.
4. Book: Millard Jr . Ralph . Cleft Craft: the Evolution of its Surgery; vol 1 . Little, Brown & Co . Boston, MA, USA . 1976.
5. Mirault G. Deux lettres sur l'operation du bec-delievre. J Chir. 1844;2:257.
6. Veau V. Bec de Lievre. Hypothese sur la malformation initiale. Ann Anat Pathol Paris. 1935;12:389.
7. Book: Mirault . Germanicus . De l'occlusion chirurgicale temporaire des paupières dans le traitement de l'ectropion cicatriciel [Texte imprimé] . Imprimerie de P. Lachèse, Belleuvre et Dolbeau . Paris, France . 1871.