| Name English: | Great Indonesia Movement Party |
| Name Native: | Indonesian: Partai Gerakan Indonesia Raya |
| Abbr: | Gerindra |
| Leader1 Title: | General Chairman |
| Leader1 Name: | Prabowo Subianto |
| Leader2 Title: | Secretary-General |
| Leader2 Name: | Ahmad Muzani |
| Leader3 Title: | DPR group leader |
| Leader3 Name: | Ahmad Muzani |
| Youth: | TIDAR (Great Indonesia Bud) |
| Women: | PIRA (Great Indonesia Women) |
| Muslim: | GEMIRA (Great Indonesia Muslim Movement) |
| Christian: | GEKIRA (Great Indonesia Christian Movement) |
| H-B: | GEMA SADHANA (Sanatana Dharma Nusantara Society Movement) |
| Labour: | SEGARA (Great Indonesia Labor Movement Center) |
| Split: | Golkar |
| Headquarters: | Jakarta |
| Membership: | 498,963[1] |
| Membership Year: | 2022 |
| Ideology: | Pancasila Social conservatism Right-wing populism |
| Political Position: | Right-wing |
| National: | Onward Indonesia Coalition Advanced Indonesia Coalition |
| Ballno: | 2 |
The Great Indonesia Movement Party (Indonesian: Partai Gerakan Indonesia Raya), better known as the Gerindra Party, is a nationalist, right-wing populist political party in Indonesia. Since 2014, it has been the third-largest party in the House of Representatives (DPR), having won 86 seats in the latest election. It is led by the former army general and the president-elect of Indonesia Prabowo Subianto.
Founded in 2008, Gerindra serves as the political vehicle for Prabowo. The party first participated in the 2009 legislative election and secured 26 seats in the DPR. In the presidential election, Prabowo ran as the vice-presidential candidate for Megawati Soekarnoputri of PDI-P, but they were defeated by the incumbent president, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (SBY). Gerindra then became the opposition to the SBY administration. In 2014, Gerindra placed third in the legislative election, and Prabowo ran with Hatta Rajasa against Joko Widodo (Jokowi) in the presidential election, but they lost. Gerindra once again became the opposition to the government. In the 2019 legislative election, Gerindra won the second-highest majority of votes. Prabowo ran with Sandiaga Uno against Jokowi and lost again. After Prabowo reconciled with Jokowi in July 2019, Gerindra joined the government coalition and he was later appointed the Minister of Defense. In 2024, Prabowo ran with Gibran Rakabuming Raka and won the presidential election in the first round.
After coming last in Golkar's presidential convention on 21 April 2004, Prabowo served as a member of Golkar's Advisory Board until his resignation on 12 July 2008. Gerindra was formed on 6 February 2008 at the suggestion of Prabowo's younger brother, Hashim Djojohadikusumo, who helped pay for party's prime-time TV advertising campaign.[2] Prabowo was appointed chairman of the party's Founding Board.
Gerindra's provincial level election teams were formed in February 2009. The party then claimed a membership of approximately 15 million, with its support base coming from across Java, Sumatra, Kalimantan and Sulawesi.[3]
The party won 4.5% of the vote in the 2009 legislative election, and was awarded 26 seats in the People's Representative Council.[4]
The Reform Star Party (PBR) was merged into Gerindra in February 2011.[5]
In the national legislative election on 9 April 2014, the party's vote share jumped to 11.8%, making it the third-most popular party in Indonesia.[6] Gerindra almost trebled the number of seats it won from 26 seats in 2009 to 73 seats in 2014.
Following the death of Gerindra chairman Suhardi on 28 August 2014, Prabowo was appointed general chairman on 20 September 2014.[7]
The 2008 Law on Political Parties states that political parties are allowed to include specific characteristics that reflect their political aspirations, as long as they do not contradict Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution.[8] As per Articles 5 and 7 of its constitution and bylaws (AD/ART), Gerindra is founded on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution, while its identity is rooted in nationalism, populism, religion, and social justice. In February 2019, the party's central board member Andre Rosiade described Gerindra as a "nationalist-religious" party.[9] Outsider views on the party's political orientation vary. Academics and domestic observers classified Gerindra as a nationalist party,[10] while their international counterparts described it as a secular party with hard nationalist stance,[11] ultranationalist,[12] or "militant nationalist" party.[13] Tom Power disagrees with labeling Gerindra as a secular party and categorizes it as a "inclusivist-nationalist" party, due to its perceived willingness to compromise on Islamic political agendas.[14] Its political leaning has been described as right-wing[15] [16] or right-wing populist.[17] [18] [19] [20]
In its political manifesto, Gerindra has taken positions on several issues. On politics, Gerindra seeks to overhaul Indonesia's political system, rejecting liberal democracy as counterproductive. It advocates a culturally aligned democracy, emphasizing robust national leadership based on Pancasila and the constitution. In the economic field, Gerindra advocates economic populism, criticizing post-Suharto Indonesia's liberal economy. It seeks increased state involvement, rejects rising foreign debt, opposes the privatization of state-owned enterprises (BUMN), calls for the reevaluation of laws favoring foreign entities (such as the Oil and Gas Law and the Investment Law), and favors reintroducing Broad Outlines of State Policy (GBHN). Gerindra rejects a free-market system and supports protectionist measures. Gerindra follows a populist and nationalist economic platform, targeting the lower middle class such as farmers and fishers, though its supporters in the 2014 general election were disproportionately urban dwellers.[21]
In foreign policy, Prabowo has expressed a desire for closer diplomatic ties with China and India, while calling for distance from the West.[22] He has proposed a peace plan to end the Russo-Ukrainian War, involving holding referendums in disputed areas between the two countries, which was subsequently condemned by Ukraine.[23] In January 2022, Prabowo expressed openness to the normalization of Indonesia–Israel relations.[24]
The Gerindra parliamentary group in the DPR have expressed their opinions on a few issues:
| Year | Bills | Votes | Party stances/Other views |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 | Revision of Law on the Corruption Eradication Commission | Gerindra initially opposed the direct appointment of the KPK Supervisory Board members by the president, but later endorsed it after losing the vote during the bill's ratification.[25] | |
| 2022 | Law on Sexual Violence Crimes | Gerindra proposed removing the word "violence" from the bill's title to emphasize prevention over punishment.[26] | |
| 2022 | Law on State Capital | ||
| 2022 | Revision of the Indonesian Criminal Code | Gerindra backs the clause against kumpul kebo (cohabitation), considering it against religious beliefs and public norms in Indonesia. They see it as a threat to marital values and a cause of social issues, advocating for stricter penalties from 6 months to 1 year in prison.[27] | |
| 2023 | Omnibus Law on Job Creation | ||
| 2024 | Special Region of Jakarta Act | Gerindra supports the clause proposing that Jakarta's governor and deputy governor be appointed by the president after consulting the Badan Musyawarah Suku Betawi 1982 (Betawi Tribe Deliberation Body), viewing it as public participation in lawmaking.[28] Gerindra eventually endorsed the bill.[29] | |
The following leadership structure of the party are as follows (2020-2025)[30]
Leader of the Advisory Council: General (Hon.) H. Prabowo Subianto Djojohadikusumo
Deputy Leader of the Advisory Council
Secretary of the Advisory Council: Sugiono
Vice Secretary of the Advisory Council: Prasetyo Hadi
General Chairman: General (Hon.) H. Prabowo Subianto Djojohadikusumo
Vice Chairman
Secretary General: Ahmad Muzani
Treasurer: Thomas Aquinas Djiwandono
Gerindra's wing organizations include:
| Election | Ballot number | Total seats won | Total votes | Share of votes | Outcome of election | Party leader | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2009 | 5 | 4,642,795 | 4.46%[31] | 26 seats, Opposition | Prabowo Subianto (Founding board chair) Suhardi (General chair) | ||
| 2014 | 6 | 14,760,371 | 11.81%[32] | 47 seats, Opposition | Prabowo Subianto (Founding board chair) Suhardi (General chair) | ||
| 2019 | 2 | 17,594,839 | 12.57%[33] | 5 seats, Opposition (2019) Governing coalition (2019-2024) | Prabowo Subianto | ||
| 2024 | 2 | 20,071,345 | 13.22% | 8 seats, Governing coalition | Prabowo Subianto |
| Election | Ballot number | Pres. candidate | Running mate | 1st round | Share of votes | Outcome | 2nd round | Share of votes | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2009 | 1 | Megawati Sukarnoputri | Prabowo Subianto | 32,548,105 | 26.79% | ||||
| 2014 | 1 | Prabowo Subianto[34] | Hatta Rajasa | 62,576,444 | 46.85% | ||||
| 2019 | 2 | Prabowo Subianto | Sandiaga Uno | 68,650,239 | 44.50% | ||||
| 2024 | 2 | Prabowo Subianto | Gibran Rakabuming Raka | 96,214,691 | 58.59% |
"Akan tetapi, dalam Undang-Undang No.2 Tahun 2008 Tentang Partai Politik kembali dipertegas bahwa asas dan ciri partai politik merupakan penjabaran dari Pancasila dan UUD 1945." Translation: In Law No. 2 of 2008 on Political Parties, it is emphasized that the principles and characteristics of political parties derive from Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution.
"Kalau Gerindra ini partai nasionalis-religius..." Translation: Gerindra is a nationalist-religious party...
"So-called nationalist parties such as the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P), Prabowo Subianto's political machine the Great Indonesia Movement Party (Gerindra)..."
"It is a secular party whose chief ideology appears to be fierce nationalism and defense of the unitary state."
"Prabowo's coalition consisted of his own ultra-nationalist Gerindra..."
"Gerindra (Partai Gerakan Indonesia Raya), Greater Indonesia Movement Party; a militant nationalist party formed in 2008."
Gerindra is listed as "Inclusivist-Nationalist (Centrist)" in the table.
"Coupled with Prabowo's willingness to adopt a more 'Islamic' tone in his campaign, it seems there is sufficient evidence to doubt Gerindra's commitment to a 'secular' agenda. For these reasons, Gerindra cannot be included in the 'secular-nationalist' camp."
"...while Anies is backed by the right-wing Gerindra Party of Prabowo Subianto..."
"Prabowo, who previously lost the presidency to Jokowi, belongs to the right-wing Gerindra Party and was a military officer under Suharto."
"Today, another highly spirited right-wing populist political party has emerged. Its name, Gerindra, Gerakan Indonesia Raya, the Greater Indonesia Movement, signifies its fervour for revitalising the greatness of the nation."
"This is because Mr Prabowo, 71, chairman of right-wing populist Gerindra Party..."
"...although thus far without producing programmatic platforms beyond the vague right wing populism of the PDI-P (of former president Megawati Soekarnoputri) or of Gerindra (of retired Lieutenant-General Prabowo Subianto)."
"Subianto, a former general of the army and former son-in-law of Suharto, left his Golkar Party to form the Gerindra, a right-wing populist party."