Gerry Conway Explained

Birth Name:Gerard Francis Conway
Birth Place:New York City, U.S.
Write:y
Edit:y
Notable Works:Punisher, Spider-Man, Justice League of America, Firestorm the Nuclear Man, Batman, Jason Todd, Killer Croc
Awards:Inkpot Award (2013)[1]
Spouse:Carla Conway (divorced)
Karen
Laura Conway
Children:2

Gerard Francis Conway[2] (born September 10, 1952)[3] is an American comic book writer, comic book editor, science fiction writer[4], screenwriter, television writer, and television producer. He is known for co-creating the Marvel Comics vigilante antihero the Punisher as well as the Scarlet Spider (Ben Reilly), and the first Ms. Marvel and also writing the death of the character Gwen Stacy during his long run on The Amazing Spider-Man in the story arc, "The Night Gwen Stacy Died".

At DC Comics, he is known for co-creating the superheroes Firestorm, Power Girl, Jason Todd, and the villain Killer Croc, and for writing the Justice League of America for eight years. Conway wrote the first major, modern-day intercompany crossover, Superman vs. the Amazing Spider-Man.

Early life

Born in Brooklyn, New York, Conway grew up a comic fan; a letter from him appears in Fantastic Four #50 (May 1966), written when Conway was 13.

He attended New York University for a time.

Career

He published his first professional comic book work at 16,[5] with the 6-page horror story "Aaron Philips' Photo Finish" in DC Comics' House of Secrets #81 (Sept. 1969). He continued selling such anthological stories for that series and for Marvel's Chamber of Darkness and Tower of Shadows through the end of 1970, by which time he had also published one-page text short stories in DC's All-Star Western #1 (Sept. 1970) and Super DC Giant #S-14 (Oct. 1970). He published his first continuing-character story in DC's semi-anthological occult comic The Phantom Stranger #10 (Dec. 1970).[6]

Conway recalled breaking into Marvel Comics through Marvel editor Roy Thomas:

Following his first continuing-character story for Marvel, with his script for the jungle lord Ka-Zar in Astonishing Tales #3 (Dec. 1970), Conway began writing superhero stories with Daredevil #72 (Jan. 1971). He quickly went on to assignments on Iron Man, The Incredible Hulk, and both "The Inhumans" and "The Black Widow" features in the split book Amazing Adventures. He scripted the first Man-Thing story, in 1971,[7] sharing co-creation credit with Stan Lee and Roy Thomas. Conway eventually scripted virtually every major Marvel title, and co-created (with writers Roy & Jean Thomas and artist Mike Ploog) the lycanthropic lead character of the feature "Werewolf by Night", in Marvel Spotlight #2 (Feb. 1972);[8] he also wrote the premiere issue of Marvel's The Tomb of Dracula, introducing the longstanding literary vampire into the Marvel universe.[9]

Spider-Man and intercompany rotation

At 19, Conway began scripting The Amazing Spider-Man, succeeding Stan Lee as writer of one of Marvel's flagship titles.[10] His run, from issues #111–149 (August 1972 – October 1975), included the landmark death of Gwen Stacy story in #121 (June 1973).[11] [12] [13] Eight issues later, Conway and Andru introduced the Punisher as a conflicted antagonist for Spider-Man, as well as the Jackal.[14] The Punisher became a popular star of numerous comic books and has been adapted into three movies and a live action television series. Conway additionally wrote Fantastic Four, from #133–152 (April 1973 – Nov. 1974).

Conway in 2009 reflected on writing flagship Marvel characters at a very young age:

In late 1972, Conway and writers Steve Englehart and Len Wein crafted a metafictional unofficial crossover spanning titles from both major comics companies. Each comic featured Englehart, Conway, and Wein, as well as Wein's first wife Glynis, interacting with Marvel or DC characters at the Rutland Halloween Parade in Rutland, Vermont. Beginning in Amazing Adventures #16 (by Englehart with art by Bob Brown and Frank McLaughlin), the story continued in Justice League of America #103 (by Wein, Dick Dillin and Dick Giordano), and concluded in Thor #207 (by Conway and penciler John Buscema). As Englehart explained in 2010, "It certainly seemed like a radical concept and we knew that we had to be subtle (laughs) and each story had to stand on its own, but we really worked it out. It's really worthwhile to read those stories back to back to back – it didn't matter to us that one was at DC and two were at Marvel – I think it was us being creative, thinking what would be really cool to do."[15] [16] [17]

Conway returned to DC Comics in mid-1975, beginning with three books cover-dated Nov. 1975: Hercules Unbound #1, Kong the Untamed #3, and Swamp Thing #19. He wrote a revival of the Golden Age comic book series All Star Comics[18] which introduced the character Power Girl.[19] [20] Shortly afterward, he was chosen by Marvel and DC editors to script the historic intercompany crossover Superman vs. the Amazing Spider-Man #1, a 96-page, tabloid-sized, $2 one-shot, at a time when comic books sold for 25 cents.[21]

He continued writing for DC, on titles including Superman, Detective Comics (starring Batman), Metal Men, Justice League of America, 1st Issue Special #11 starring,[22] and that of the licensed character Tarzan. Conway briefly returned to Marvel where he succeeded Marv Wolfman as editor-in-chief in March 1976,[23] but held the job only "about a month-and-a-half,"[24] relinquishing the post and being succeeded by Archie Goodwin.

For a time, a confluence of publishing schedules resulted in Conway stories appearing in both Marvel and DC comics in the same month: The prolific Conway's comic books with January 1977 cover-dates alone, for example, are Marvel's The Avengers, The Defenders, Captain Marvel, Iron Man, The Spectacular Spider-Man,[25] and the premiere issues of Ms. Marvel and Logan's Run, and Superman and Action Comics.

DC Comics and later career

After leaving Marvel's editorship, he again wrote exclusively for DC for the next decade writing both major and lesser titles – from those featuring Superman, Wonder Woman, and the Legion of Super-Heroes to such books as Weird Western Tales, Atari Force and Sun Devils. He had an eight-year run on Justice League of America, writing most issues from #151–255 (Feb. 1978 – Oct. 1986)[26] including the double-sized anniversary issue #200 (March 1982).[27] Conway wrote two additional Superman projects in the oversized tabloid format, Superman vs. Wonder Woman, drawn by José Luis García-López,[28] and Superman vs. Shazam, drawn by Rich Buckler.[29]

He co-created the characters Firestorm with artist Al Milgrom[30] and Steel, the Indestructible Man with artist Don Heck[31] in the premiere issues (both March 1978) of the respective titular comics. Two other Conway co-creations, the Deserter (with artist Dick Ayers)[32] [33] and the Vixen (with artist Bob Oksner),[34] were scheduled to receive their own series as well but were canceled before any issues were published. He additionally co-created the characters Vibe and Gypsy.[35] As writer of Batman #337–359 (July 1981 – May 1983) and the feature "Batman" in Detective Comics #497–526 (Dec. 1980 – May 1983),[36] he introduced the characters Killer Croc[37] and Jason Todd,[38] the latter of whom became the second Robin, succeeding original sidekick Dick Grayson. With artist Gene Colan, Conway revived the Golden Age supervillains Doctor Death in Batman #345 (March 1982)[39] and the Monk in Batman #350 (Aug. 1982).[40]

Conway was a frequent collaborator with Roy Thomas. Together they wrote a two-part Superman–Captain Marvel team-up in DC Comics Presents #33–34 (May–June 1981); the Atari Force and Swordquest mini-comics packaged with Atari 2600 video games; and three Justice League of America-Justice Society of America crossovers.[41] [42] Conway contributed ideas to the talking animal comic Captain Carrot and His Amazing Zoo Crew!, created by Thomas and Scott Shaw.[43] Thomas and Conway were to be the co-writers of the JLA/Avengers intercompany crossover,[44] but editorial disputes between DC and Marvel caused the project's cancellation.[45] Conway was one of the contributors to the DC Challenge limited series in 1986.[46]

He returned to Marvel in the 1980s and served as the regular writer of both The Spectacular Spider-Man and Web of Spider-Man from 1988 until 1990. Conway stated in 1991 that "I understand the character a lot better now than I did when I was nineteen. And one of the nice things about the Marvel characters is that you can keep them fresh by changing them just a bit."[47] His run on Spectacular included such story arcs as the "Lobo Brothers Gang War".[48] He relinquished writing duties on both titles when he became the story editor of the television series Father Dowling Mysteries. Conway's last recorded comic credits for many years were Topps Comics' "Kirbyverse" NightGlider[49] #1 (April 1993), scripting from a Roy Thomas plot, and a story for Disney Adventures, published in 1995.

Conway returned to comics in 2009 and wrote DC Comics' The Last Days of Animal Man, with artist Chris Batista.[50] In 2011, he wrote the DC Retroactive: Justice League – The '80s one-shot.[51] Also for DC, he wrote the Firestorm feature in Legends of Tomorrow #1–6 in 2016.[52]

In 2015, he returned to Spider-Man by writing a story in Spider-Verse Team Up #2, and the "Spiral" storyline in The Amazing Spider-Man #16.1–20.1. He returned to work as a series' regular writer that same year with Carnage which ran for 16 issues until 2017. In 2016, he returned to his creation the Punisher by writing The Punisher Annual #1. From 2016 to 2017, he wrote The Amazing Spider-Man: Renew Your Vows #1–9, followed by What If? Spider-Man #1 in 2018 and the oneshot The Amazing Spider-Man: Going Big, penciled by Mark Bagley, in 2019.

Books, comic strips, screenplays

In addition to comics, Conway published two science-fiction novels: The Midnight Dancers[53] and Mindship (originally published as a short story in the science fiction anthology "Universe 1.")[54] He also wrote the February 14–December 3, 1983, dailies of the syndicated newspaper comic strip Star Trek, based upon the 1960s TV series.[55]

Conway as well moved into screenwriting in the 1980s, starting with the animated feature Fire and Ice (1983), co-written with Roy Thomas, based on characters created by Ralph Bakshi and Frank Frazetta. Conway and Thomas wrote the story basis for Stanley Mann's screenplay for the film Conan the Destroyer (1984). Afterwards, Conway and Thomas also worked on the script of a live-action X-Men film for production company Nelvana that wasn't produced because of distributor Orion Pictures' financial troubles and subsequent bankruptcy.[56]

Conway wrote, and later produced, such TV series as Father Dowling Mysteries, , Matlock, Jake and the Fatman, , Baywatch Nights, Pacific Blue, Silk Stalkings, Perry Mason telefilms, Law & Order, The Huntress, , and an episode of ("Appointment in Crime Alley").[57] Conway frequently referenced his comic book connections during his stint on Law & Order by naming characters on the show after comic book creators such as John Byrne.

Personal life

Conway's first wife was comic-book writer Carla Conway.[58] The couple have a daughter, Cara. His second wife, Karen, is a psychologist who works with autistic children. They married in 1992 and have a daughter, Rachel. As of 2015, he and his wife Laura live in Thousand Oaks, California.

Conway's ancestral family background is Irish, as he described in his blog:

Conway was raised a Christian, but stated in a 2013 interview that he does not "have any religious belief at this point".[59]

In October 2022, Conway was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer and underwent Whipple surgery to remove the tumor, resulting in several hospitalizations but he returned to social media in September 2023 to declare that he was cancer-free.[60] [61]

Comics bibliography

Atlas/Seaboard Comics

DC Comics

DC Comics and Marvel Comics

Disney Comics

Eclipse Comics

First Comics

Marvel Comics

Papercutz

Skywald Publications

Topps Comics

Warren Publications

Television and film credits

Television

Feature films

External links

Notes and References

  1. https://www.comic-con.org/awards/inkpot Inkpot Award
  2. [Roy Thomas|Thomas, Roy]
  3. News: Gerard Conway . . 1 . Spring 1973 . 4 . Best, Daniel, ed., 20th Century Danny Boy . https://web.archive.org/web/20190708120844/http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_qZK742rc1hc/SnDnCQ7TnDI/AAAAAAAANJ4/SwXTcvFjUOY/s1600-h/FOOM+ . July 8, 2019 . dead . mdy-all .
  4. https://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/ch.cgi?3287 Retrieved August 19, 2024.
  5. Web site: Since You Asked, and Even If You Didn't. Conway. Gerry. (biographical capsule) Gerry Conway . https://web.archive.org/web/20110423061721/http://conwayscorner.blogspot.com/. April 23, 2011. dead. mdy-all.
  6. and
  7. Book: Sanderson. Peter. Peter Sanderson. Gilbert, Laura. 1970s. Marvel Chronicle A Year by Year History. Dorling Kindersley. 2008. London, United Kingdom. 149. 978-0756641238. [''Savage Tales'' #1 was] notable for the debut of Marvel's mindless swamp monster, the Man-Thing, in an origin story written by Gerry Conway and illustrated by Gray Morrow..
  8. Sanderson "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 154: "Roy Thomas came up with the idea for a series called 'I, Werewolf', narrated in the first person by a teenager who transformed into a werewolf. Stan Lee liked the concept but decided to name it 'Werewolf by Night'. The initial creative team on the series was scripter Gerry Conway and artist Mike Ploog."
  9. Sanderson "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 155: "Following the revision of the Comics Code, Stan Lee was eager to do a comics series about the archetypal vampire, novelist Bram Stoker's Dracula. Based on a few ideas from Lee, Roy Thomas plotted the first issue of The Tomb of Dracula, which Gerry Conway then scripted. The interior art was penciled by Gene Colan."
  10. Book: Manning. Matthew K.. Gilbert, Laura. 1970s. Spider-Man Chronicle Celebrating 50 Years of Web-Slinging. Dorling Kindersley. 2012. London, United Kingdom. 62. 978-0756692360. [''The Amazing Spider-Man'' #111] marked the dawning of a new era: writer Gerry Conway came on board as Stan Lee's replacement. Alongside artist John Romita, Conway started his run by picking up where Lee left off..
  11. Sanderson "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 159: "In June [1973], Marvel embarked on a story that would have far-reaching effects. The Amazing Spider-Man artist John Romita, Sr. suggested killing off Spider-Man's beloved Gwen Stacy in order to shake up the book's status quo."
  12. Manning "1970s" in Gilbert (2012), p. 68: "This story by writer Gerry Conway and penciler Gil Kane would go down in history as one of the most memorable events of Spider-Man's life."
  13. Book: David. Peter. Peter David. Greenberger. Robert. Robert Greenberger. The Spider-Man Vault: A Museum-in-a-Book with Rare Collectibles Spun from Marvel's Web. Running Press. 2010. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 49. 978-0762437726. The idea of beloved supporting characters meeting their deaths may be standard operating procedure now but in 1973 it was unprecedented...Gwen's death took villainy and victimhood to an entirely new level..
  14. Manning "1970s" in Gilbert (2012), p. 72: "Writer Gerry Conway and artist Ross Andru introduced two major new characters to Spider-Man's world and the Marvel Universe in this self-contained issue. Not only would the vigilante known as the Punisher go on to be one of the most important and iconic Marvel creations of the 1970s, but his instigator, the Jackal, would become the next big threat in Spider-Man's life."
  15. Web site: The Rutland Halloween Parade: Where Marvel and DC First Collided . Larnick . Eric . October 30, 2010 . ComicsAlliance.com . https://web.archive.org/web/20120111094055/http://www.comicsalliance.com/2010/10/30/rutland-halloween-parade-marvel-dc-crossover/ . January 11, 2012 . dead . December 5, 2011. mdy-all.
  16. Web site: Comic Book Legends Revealed #280 . Cronin . Brian . October 1, 2010 . . https://web.archive.org/web/20120116162032/http://goodcomics.comicbookresources.com/2010/10/01/comic-book-legends-revealed-280/ . January 16, 2012 . dead . December 5, 2011. mdy-all.
  17. http://www.comics.org/issue/25821/ Amazing Adventures #16 (Jan. 1973)
  18. Thomas. Roy. All The Stars There Are in (Super-hero) Heaven!. Alter Ego. 3. 14. TwoMorrows Publishing. April 2002. Raleigh, North Carolina. June 23, 2013.
  19. Book: McAvennie. Michael. Dolan. Hannah . 1970s. DC Comics Year By Year A Visual Chronicle. Dorling Kindersley. 2010. London . 978-0-7566-6742-9 . 169 . Along with artist Ric Estrada, [Gerry] Conway also introduced the DC Universe to the cousin of Earth-2's Superman, Kara Zor-L a.k.a. Power Girl..
  20. Book: Levitz, Paul. Paul Levitz. The Bronze Age 1970–1984. 75 Years of DC Comics The Art of Modern Mythmaking. Taschen America. 2010. Cologne, Germany. 9783836519816. 527. The revived All-Star introduced Power Girl, conceived as Supergirl's Earth-Two counterpart. With Wallace Wood and his renowned skill at 'cheesecake' determining the finished art, her breathtaking buxomness and 'peek-a-boo' décolletage were perhaps inevitable..
  21. McAvennie "1970s" in Dolan, p. 170 "The tale was written by Gerry Conway and drawn by Ross Andru, both among the few [at that time] to ever have worked on both Superman and Spider-Man...The result was a defining moment in Bronze Age comics."
  22. Abramowitz. Jack. 1st Issue Special: It Was No Showcase (But It Was Never Meant To Be). Back Issue!. 71. 45. TwoMorrows Publishing. April 2014. Raleigh, North Carolina.
  23. Book: Daniels, Les . Les Daniels . Marvel: Five Fabulous Decades of the World's Greatest Comics . . 1991. New York, New York. 0-8109-3821-9 . 176.
  24. "Gerry Conway on Englehart Leaving Marvel" (sidebar) in Shannon E.. Riley. The Man Who Saved the Justice League of America. Back Issue!. TwoMorrows Publishing. September 2010. Raleigh, North Carolina. 45. 15.
  25. Sanderson "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 177: "Spider-Man already starred in two monthly series: The Amazing Spider-Man and Marvel Team-Up. Now Marvel added a third, Peter Parker, The Spectacular Spider-Man, initially written by Gerry Conway with art by Sal Buscema and Mike Esposito."
  26. Schweier. Philip. Justice League, Then and Now with Gerry Conway and Dan Jurgens. Back Issue!. 58. 65–70. TwoMorrows Publishing. August 2012. Raleigh, North Carolina.
  27. Sanderson. Peter . Peter Sanderson. Justice League #200 All-Star Affair. Comics Feature. 12/13. 17. New Media Publishing. September–October 1981.
  28. Mangels. Andy . Andy Mangels. Kryptonian and Amazonian Not Living in Perfect Harmony. Back Issue!. 61. 50–54. TwoMorrows Publishing. December 2012. Raleigh, North Carolina.
  29. Hamerlinck. P.C.. When Worlds Collide The Colossal-Sized Confrontation Between Superman and Captain Marvel. Back Issue!. 61. 65–68. TwoMorrows Publishing. December 2012. Raleigh, North Carolina.
  30. McAvennie "1970s" in Dolan, p. 177 "If inventiveness is the fusion of ideas, then Firestorm was one of the most original characters to emerge from a comic book in years. Penned by Gerry Conway and drawn by Al Milgrom, the Nuclear Man was a genuine sign of the times – the explosive embodiment of a nuclear world."
  31. McAvennie "1970s" in Dolan, p. 177 "Thanks to scripter Gerry Conway and artist Don Heck, the red, white, and blue shone like never before – on the steel-alloyed suit of the World War II cyborg, Steel."
  32. News: Wells. John. 'Lost' DC: The DC Implosion. Comics Buyer's Guide. 1249. 133. October 24, 1997. The Deserter...was given his own ongoing title at the 11th hour, only to perish amidst the other cancellations. The origin of tormented Civil War deserter Aaron Hope (by Gerry Conway, Dick Ayers, and Romeo Tanghal) appeared only in Cancelled Comic Cavalcade #1..
  33. Johnson. Dan. Showcase Presents Again. Back Issue!. 71. 54–55. TwoMorrows Publishing. April 2014. Raleigh, North Carolina. Gerry Conway's the Deserter, a Western adventure that would have featured interior art by Dick Ayers and Romeo Tanghal and a cover by Joe Kubert, was originally going to be a three-issue run in Showcase #107–109. Even before Showcase's cancellation, it was greenlit as an ongoing series until the DC Implosion killed it altogether..
  34. Wells p. 134: "After being touted in house ads during the summer, details regarding The Vixen #1 appeared in a 'Daily Planet' text page in Batman #305 and The Flash #267. Ultimately, 'Who Is The Vixen?' was printed only in Cancelled Comic Cavalcade #2."
  35. Manning, Matthew K. "1980s" in Dolan, p. 209 "The prestigious Justice League of America got a bit easier to join, thanks to writer Gerry Conway and artist Chuck Patton. Marking the debut of camouflaging hero Gypsy, the shockwave-casting Vibe, and the second generation hero Steel, this landmark comic saw many of the more famous League members step down in order to make way for a younger roster to carry on their legacy."
  36. Book: Manning. Matthew K.. Dougall, Alastair. 1980s. Batman: A Visual History. Dorling Kindersley. 2014. London, United Kingdom. 138. 978-1465424563. Gerry Conway and artist Don Newton had become the regular team on Detective Comics at the tail end of 1980. By the middle of [1981], Conway had also taken over the writing in Batman. With the same writer handling both main Batman books, easy crossovers between the two titles soon became possible..
  37. Manning "1980s" in Dolan, p. 200 "Killer Croc made his mysterious debut in the pages of Detective Comics #523, written by Gerry Conway, with art by Gene Colan." "Croc would soon become a major player in Gotham's underworld."
  38. Manning "1980s" in Dolan, p. 201 "Jason Todd first appeared in a circus scene in the pages of Batman #357, written by Gerry Conway and illustrated by Don Newton."
  39. Manning "1980s" in Dougall, p. 141
  40. Manning "1980s" in Dougall, p. 142
  41. In Justice League of America #207–209 (Oct.-Dec. 1982) and All-Star Squadron #14–15 (Oct.–Nov. 1982); and Justice League of America #219–220 (Oct.–Nov. 1983); and Infinity, Inc. #19 (Oct. 1985) and Justice League of America #244 (Nov. 1985). Per Thomas, Roy. "The Justice League-Justice Society Team-Ups", The All-Star Companion (TwoMorrows Publishing 2000) pp. 191–192
  42. Thomas, Roy. "Crisis on Finite Earths: The Justice League-Justice Society Team-Ups (1963–1985)", Alter Ego vol. 3, #7 (Winter 2001), pp. 31–34
  43. Shaw, Scott "Captain Carrot and His Amazing Zoo Crew! Vol. 1, #1", OddBallComics.com #1180, October 8, 2007
  44. George Pérez interview, David Anthony Kraft's Comics Interview #6 (Fictioneer, Aug. 1983).
  45. O'Neill, Patrick Daniel. "Career Moves" (Pérez interview), Wizard #35 (July 1994)
  46. Greenberger. Robert. It Sounded Like a Good Idea at the Time: A Look at the DC Challenge!. Back Issue!. 98. 41–43. TwoMorrows Publishing. August 2017. Raleigh, North Carolina.
  47. Daniels p. 222
  48. DeFalco "1980s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 238: Created by writer Gerry Conway and artist Sal Buscema, Carlos and Eduardo Lobo possessed the mutant ability to transform into werewolves.
  49. Sources disagree on the spelling, sometimes even within the same source: The cover of the single issue itself appears to spell it "NightGlider". The cover of Victory #1 likewise spells it as one word, though in an all-caps typeface. The Grand Comics Database entry spells it as both "Nightglider" and "Night Glider".
  50. News: The End? Gerry Conway on The Last Days of Animal Man . Vaneta . Rogers . March 13, 2009 . . https://web.archive.org/web/20110604032200/http://www.newsarama.com/comics/030913-Animal-Man-Conway.html . June 4, 2011 . live. mdy-all.
  51. Web site: WC11: Exclusive – Legendary Creators Speak About Retro-Active . Josie . Campbell . April 1, 2011 . Comic Book Resources . https://web.archive.org/web/20110514141753/http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=31651 . May 14, 2011 . dead . mdy-all . March 31, 2012 .
  52. Web site: Conway Explains How "Legends of Tomorrow" Reignited His Passion for Firestorm . Renaud . Jeffrey . March 17, 2016 . Comic Book Resources . March 17, 2016.
  53. The Midnight Dancers (Ace, 1971, ; this is not the same-name book by Anne Maybury, nor Midnight Dancer by Emily Bradshaw)
  54. Mindship (DAW, 1974,).
  55. Web site: Star Trek Los Angeles Times Syndicate newspaper comic strip . Rich . Handley . 2010 . Star Trek Communicator #121 via Star Trek Comics Checklist . https://web.archive.org/web/20100619040814/http://homepage.mac.com/mmtz/stcomix/ustosstrips.html . June 19, 2010 . live. mdy-all.
  56. Web site: The abandoned X-Men movie of the 1980s isn't missed by anyone involved. Radulovic. Petrana. 2019-06-11. Polygon. 2019-06-14.
  57. Web site: When Batman: The Animated Series Toured Crime Alley . Kendall . G. . August 11, 2019 . Comic Book Resources . August 11, 2019.
  58. Web site: Gerry Conway Biography (1952-). FilmReference.com. December 10, 2016. December 2, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161202170936/http://www.filmreference.com/film/59/Gerry-Conway.html. live. mdy-all.
  59. Buttery. Jarrod. February 2014. Hulk Smash!: The Incredible Hulk in the 1970s. Back Issue!. 70. 9. TwoMorrows Publishing. Raleigh, North Carolina.
  60. Web site: Punisher Co-Creator Gerry Conway Reveals Triumph Over Cancer Diagnosis . Dominguez . Noah . August 31, 2023. superherohype.com . SuperHeroHype . September 1, 2023.
  61. Web site: The Punisher's Gerry Conway On His Cancer, Induced Coma And Surgery . Johnston . Rich . September 1, 2023 . bleedingcool.com . Bleeding Cool . September 1, 2023.

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