Georges Giraud Explained

Georges Giraud
Birth Date:	1889 7, df=yes^[1]
Birth Place:	Saint-Étienne^[2]
Death Place:	Bonny-sur-Loire
Nationality:	French
Workplaces:	Université Clermont-Ferrand (now Université Blaise Pascal).
Alma Mater:	École Normale Supérieure 1915
Doctoral Advisor:	Charles Émile Picard
Known For:	potential theory partial differential equations singular integrals singular integral equations
Awards:	Prix Francœur (1919) Prix Gustave Roux (1923) Hirn Foundation prize (1925 and 1935) Grand Prix for mathematical sciences (1928) Prix Houllevigue (1930) Lasserre foundation prize (1930) Prix Saintour (1933) Prize of the Annali della Reale Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa (1935)

Georges Julien Giraud^[3] (22 July 1889 – 16 March 1943) was a French mathematician, working in potential theory, partial differential equations, singular integrals and singular integral equations:^[4] he is mainly known for his solution of the regular oblique derivative problem and also for his extension to –dimensional singular integral equations of the concept of symbol of a singular integral, previously introduced by Solomon Mikhlin.^[5]

Biography

Honors

The scientific work of Georges Giraud was widely acknowledged and earned him several prizes, mainly, but not exclusively, awarded him by the French Academy of Sciences: he was seven times recipient of academy prizes.

In 1919, he was awarded the "Prix Francœur" for his work on the theory of automorphic functions:^[6] the members of the commission who examined his work and nominated him were Camille Jordan, Paul Appell, Marie Georges Humbert, Jacques Hadamard, Édouard Goursat, Joseph Boussinesq, Léon Lecornu and Émile Picard (the relator).^[7] For the same motivation,^[8] On 17 December 1923 he was awarded the "Gustave Roux" prize.^[9]

In 1924 he won the Hirn Foundation Prize, for his whole scientific work:^[10] he won again the same prize in 1935,^[11] for his work on singularities of boundary value problems in the theory of partial differential equations.^[12]

In 1928 Giraud won the "Grand Prix des sciences Mathématiques" for his work in the theory of partial differential equations:^[13] for the same motivation, in 1930 he was also awarded the "Prix Houllevigue".^[14] In the same year, he was also awarded the prize of the Lasserre foundation.^[15]

In 1933 he was recipient of the Prix Saintour, for his work on partial differential and integral equations.^[16]

Finally, in 1935, apart from winning the Hirn foundation prize for a second time, he was awarded the prize of the Annali della Reale Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, equally divided between him, Guido Ascoli and Pietro Buzano:^[17] the members of the jury who awarded ex-aequo the prize were Guido Fubini, Mauro Picone and Giovanni Sansone.^[18]

On 14 December 1936, following up a proposal Jacques Hadamard made since 1931,^[19] he was elected corresponding member of the French Academy of Sciences.^[20]

He was also a member of the Société Mathématique de France from 1913 to his death.^[21]

Selected publications

Articles

• .
• , available at NUMDAM. This is one of the first papers, together with independent works of Francesco Tricomi and Solomon Mikhlin, dealing with the multidimensional theory of singular integrals.
• , available at Gallica. In this short note, Giraud extends (without proof) the formula for the composition of two 2-dimensional singular integral operators using their symbols, introduced shortly before by Solomon Grigor'evich Mikhlin, to higher dimensional singular integrals.

Books

• . Georges Giraud's doctoral thesis, published also as .
• , available from the Internet Archive.
• , reviewed also by .
• (available from the "Edizione Nazionale Mathematica Italiana"). A book collecting the winning papers of the 1935 prize of the Annali della Reale Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa.

See also

• Cauchy principal value
• Potential theory
• Singular integral

References

Biographical references

• .
• .
• .
• .
• .
• .
• .
• , available at Gallica. The announcement of the death of Georges Giraud given at the seance of 29 March 1943 at the French Academy.
• , available at Gallica. The "Address" of Gabriel Bertrand of 20 December 1943 at the French Academy: he gives biographical sketches of the lives of recently deceased members, including Pieter Zeeman, David Hilbert and Georges Giraud.
• . The biographical entry about Georges Giraud at the Enciclopedia Treccani.
• (Giraud and other prize recipients thanks are reported at p. 322 of the same volume), available at Gallica.
• , available at Gallica.
• (Giraud and other prize recipients thanks are reported at p. 1580 of the same volume), available at Gallica.
• (Giraud and other prize recipients thanks are reported at p. 1270 of the same volume), available at Gallica.
• (Giraud and other prize recipients thanks are reported at p. 1270 of the same volume), available at Gallica.
• (Giraud and other prize recipients thanks are reported at p. 1562 of the same volume), available at Gallica.
• (Giraud and other recipients thanks are reported at p. 1308 of the same volume), available at Gallica.
• , available at Gallica. The announcement of the election of Georges Giraud as corresponding member of the "Geometry" section of the French Academy.
• , available at Gallica. The year 1939 list of corresponding members of the "Geometry" section of the French Academy.
• , available at NUMDAM.
• (available from the "Edizione Nazionale Mathematica Italiana"). The "Preface" of Leonida Tonelli to the book .

General references

• , available at Gallica.
• . A short "notice nécrologique" (obituary) published on the periodic special issue dedicated to obituary notices of the journal of the A–Ulm, the association of former students, students and friends of the École Normale Supérieure.

References describing the scientific contributions of Giraud

• . A masterpiece in the multidimensional theory of singular integrals and singular integral equations summarizing all the results from the beginning to the year of publication, and also sketching the history of the subject.
• .
• .
• (also available as).
• , is an annotated bibliography written by Francesco Tricomi in order to give a complete survey of his scientific work.

Notes and References

1. According to the brief commemoration by : the "Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana|2008}}|Georges Giraud" entry in the Enciclopedia Treccani states that he was born on 11 July 1889, and uses this source.
2. According to and to the "Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana|2008}}|Georges Giraud" entry in the Enciclopedia Treccani.
3. According to the Les Secrétaires Perpétuelles|1939}}|year 1939 list of corresponding members of the "Geometry" section of the French Academy, this was his full name: however, he simply sign himself as "Georges Giraud" in all his scientific works.
4. See and .
5. He announced his results in the short communication, without proof and acknowledging the previous work of Mikhlin. As a matter of fact, it was Mikhlin who gave the first proofs of these formulas, completing his work on the 2-dimensional theory: see or the entry "Singular integrals" for a comprehensive historical survey.
6. See the Les Secrétaires Perpétuelles|1919}}|22 December 1919 relation on the Prix Francœur in the "Comptes rendus".
7. Ibid. (Les Secrétaires Perpétuelles|1919}}|1919, p. 1202).
8. See the Les Secrétaires Perpétuelles|1923}}|17 December 1923 relation on the Prix Gustave Roux in the "Comptes rendus", and reference .
9. According to the Les Secrétaires Perpétuelles|1923}}|17 December 1923 relation on the Prix Gustave Roux in the "Comptes rendus", the members of the examining commission were Albin Haller, Guillaume Bigourdan, Antoine Lacroix, Léon Guignard, Paul Appell, and Émile Picard again as the relator.
10. See the Les Secrétaires Perpétuelles|1924}}|22 December 1924 relation on the Hirn Foundation prize in the "Comptes rendus", and reference . According to the first reference, the amount of the prize was 2500 French francs.
11. See the Les Secrétaires Perpétuelles|1935}}|16 December 1935 relation on the Hirn Foundation prize in the "Comptes rendus", and reference .
12. "..., pour sex travaux sul les singularités dans les problèmes aux limites de la théorie des équations aux dérivées partielles", as it is precisely stated in the Les Secrétaires Perpétuelles|1935}}|relation on the 1935 Hirn Foundation prize.
13. See the Les Secrétaires Perpétuelles|1928}}|17 December 1928 relation on the Gran Prix des sciences mathématiques in the "Comptes rendus", and reference .
14. See the Les Secrétaires Perpétuelles|1930}}|15 December 1930 relation on the Prix Houllevigue in the "Comptes rendus", and reference .
15. See .
16. See the Les Secrétaires Perpétuelles|1933}}|11 December 1933 relation on the Prix Saintour in the "Comptes rendus", and reference .
17. See and .
18. According to, who reports excerpts from the conclusive relation of the jury. states also that the amount of the prize awarded to each of the three winners was 2000 Italian Liras.
19. See . Precisely, Jacques Hadamard presented Giraud for the election as corresponding member of the French Academy for three times, the first two being on 12 and on 26 January 1931.
20. See the obituary notices by, and, and also the Les Secrétaires Perpétuelles|1930}}|14 December 1936 announcement of his election reporting the detailed election results.
21. See reference .