| Birthname: | George Washington Plunkitt |
| State Senate1: | New York |
| District1: | 17th |
| Term Start1: | January 1, 1899 |
| Term End1: | December 31, 1904 |
| Preceded1: | Charles B. Page |
| Succeeded1: | Martin Saxe |
| State Senate2: | New York |
| District2: | 11th |
| Term Start2: | January 1, 1892 |
| Term End2: | December 31, 1893 |
| Preceded2: | Eugene S. Ives |
| Succeeded2: | Joseph C. Wolff |
| Term Start3: | January 1, 1884 |
| Term End3: | December 31, 1887 |
| Preceded3: | Frank P. Treanor |
| Succeeded3: | Eugene S. Ives |
| State Assembly4: | New York |
| District4: | 17th |
| Term Start4: | January 1, 1869 |
| Term End4: | December 31, 1870 |
| Preceded4: | Frederick H. Flagge |
| Succeeded4: | Edmond Connelly |
| Birth Date: | 17 November 1842 |
| Birth Place: | Manhattan, New York City, United States |
| Death Place: | Manhattan, New York City, United States |
| Party: | Democratic |
| Father: | Patrick "Pat" Plunkitt |
| Mother: | Sarah OBrien |
| Relatives: | Brothers: Daniel Plunkitt (his twin), James Plunkitt, Harry Plunkitt, Martin Plunkitt Sister: Phebe Plunkitt |
| Spouse: | Mary |
| Children: | George Edward Plunkitt |
| Profession: | Politician |
George Washington Plunkitt (November 17, 1842 – November 19, 1924) was an American politician from New York State, who served in both houses of the New York State Legislature. He was a leader of the Tammany Hall political organization, a vehement critic of the Civil Service, and notably responsible for a series of colloquial and practical short talks recorded in "Plunkitt of Tammany Hall," which comprise his observations and successful mastery of machine politics.[1]
He was born on November 17, 1842, in Manhattan, New York City.[2]
He served in the New York State Assembly (New York Co., 17th D.) between 1869 and 1873.[3]
He was a member of the New York State Senate from 1884 to 1887 (11th D.),[3] in 1892 and 1893 (11th D.), and from 1899 to 1904 (17th D.). He sat in the 107th, 108th, 109th, 110th, 115th, 116th, 122nd, 123rd, 124th, 125th, 126th, and 127th New York State Legislatures.Plunkitt became wealthy by practicing what he called "honest graft" in politics.[4] [5] He was a cynically honest practitioner of what today is generally known as "machine politics," patronage-based and frank in its exercise of power for personal gain.[6]
In one of his speeches, quoted in Plunkitt of Tammany Hall, he describes the difference between dishonest and honest graft. For dishonest graft, one works solely for one's own interests. For honest graft, one pursues, at the same time, the interests of one's party, state, and person.[7]
He made most of his money through the purchase of land that he knew would be needed for public projects. He would buy such parcels and then resell them at an inflated price. This was honest graft. Dishonest graft, according to Plunkitt, would be buying land and then using influence to have a project built on it.[8] [9]
Plunkitt defended his own actions, saying: "I could get nothin' at a bargain but a big piece of swamp, but I took it fast enough and held on to it. What turned out was just what I counted on. They couldn't make the park complete without Plunkitt's swamp, and they had to pay a good price for it. Anything dishonest in that?"[10] [11]
Plunkitt was also a thoroughgoing party man, believing in appointments, patronage, spoils, and all of the practices curtailed by the civil service law.[12] [13] He saw such practices as both the rewards and cause of patriotism. He hated the civil service system and fought against it politically.[14]
Plunkitt is also remembered for the line he used to defend his actions: "I seen my opportunities and I took 'em."[15]
On October 7, 1905, he underwent an operation for retro-peritoneal abscess, and almost died.[16]
He died on November 19, 1924, in Manhattan, New York City.[17] [18] He was buried at the Calvary Cemetery in Queens.[19]
Riordon, William L., Plunkitt of Tammany Hall: A Series of Very Plain Talks on Very Practical Politics, Bedford Books of St. Martin's Press, 1993. (Originally published in 1905)