George Bell Timmerman Jr. Explained

Order:105th Governor of South Carolina
Lieutenant:Fritz Hollings
Term Start:January 18, 1955
Term End:January 20, 1959
Predecessor:James F. Byrnes
Successor:Fritz Hollings
Office1:76th Lieutenant Governor of South Carolina
Term1:January 21, 1947  - January 18, 1955
Governor1:Strom Thurmond
James F. Byrnes
Predecessor1:Ransome Judson Williams
Successor1:Fritz Hollings
Birth Name:George Bell Timmerman Jr.
Birth Date:11 August 1912
Birth Place:Anderson County, South Carolina, U.S.
Death Place:Batesburg-Leesville, South Carolina, U.S.
Resting Place:Batesburg Cemetery, Batesburg, South Carolina
Party:Democratic
Education:The Citadel
University of South Carolina, Columbia (LLB)
Spouse:Helen Dupre (m. 1935, div. 1980)
Ingrid Zimmer
Allegiance: United States
Serviceyears:1942–1945
Battles:World War II

George Bell Timmerman Jr. (August 11, 1912November 29, 1994) was an American politician and World War II veteran who served as the 105th governor of South Carolina from 1955 to 1959. A member of the Democratic Party, he previously served as the state's 76th lieutenant governor from 1947 to 1955.

Life and career

Timmerman was born in Anderson County, the son of Mary Vandiver (Sullivan) and George Bell Timmerman Sr., a U.S. federal judge.[1] He was raised in Charleston and graduated from The Citadel. After receiving a law degree from the University of South Carolina, he practiced law with his father in Batesburg. Timmerman enlisted in the U.S. Navy as an officer with the entry of the United States in World War II after the attack on Pearl Harbor.

Lieutenant Governor of South Carolina

Returning to South Carolina after the war, Timmerman ran as a Democrat for Lieutenant Governor in 1946 on the same ticket as fellow veteran Strom Thurmond. He was elected for a term beginning in 1947 and reelected in 1950 for another four-year term.

Gubernatorial tenure

While Governor he opposed the Supreme Court's ruling in 1954, which declared segregated public schools unconstitutional. Timmerman fought the changes brought by the decision, in an attempt to defend "the integrity of the races" and "our customs and institutions." He urged Congress to limit the authority of the United States Supreme Court. He regarded the insistence of the Northern United States on racial integration as hypocritical.

In the gubernatorial election of 1954, he faced nominal opposition in the Democratic primary and ran unopposed in the general election. He became the 105th Governor of South Carolina in 1955. He sought to thwart an order by the Interstate Commerce Commission for desegregation of long-distance travel in 1955, especially because it affected public waiting rooms. At the same time, Timmerman opposed federal court orders aimed at integrating public parks, bathing beaches and golf courses. For the desegregation of public schools, he vowed with other governors of the Southern United States to thwart it with congressional or state legislation.

He was the favorite presidential candidate of the South Carolina delegation at the 1956 Democratic National Convention. During the convention, Timmerman was a leader of Southern opposition to what he called "radical civil rights legislation and radical planks in the platform." He signed a law in 1956 to bar members of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People from public employment in South Carolina. He opposed civil rights laws enacted by the administration of Dwight D. Eisenhower.

Judicial appointment and retirement

After leaving the governorship in 1959, Timmerman was appointed as a judge to the state's Eleventh Judicial Circuit in 1967 and served until 1984. While a judge, Timmerman declared the 1974 South Carolina law on capital punishment to be unconstitutional.[2] This ruling was affirmed in the 1976 U.S. Supreme Court decision Gregg v. Georgia.

He died on November 29, 1994, in Batesburg-Leesville, South Carolina.[3]

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Timmerman, George Bell, Jr. South Carolina Encyclopedia.
  2. Web site: Collection: George Bell Timmerman, Jr. Papers ArchivesSpace Public Interface. archives.library.sc.edu. 2020-04-14.
  3. News: Wolfgang Saxon . George B. Timmerman Jr., 82, Segregationist Leader in 50's . . December 3, 1994 .