| Honorific-Prefix: | Lieutenant-Colonel The Right Honourable |
| The Earl of Cromer | |
| Office: | British Ambassador to the United States |
| Primeminister: | Ted Heath Harold Wilson |
| Term Start: | 1971 |
| Term End: | 1974 |
| Predecessor: | John Freeman |
| Successor: | Peter Ramsbotham |
| Office2: | Governor of the Bank of England |
| Term Start2: | 1 July 1961 |
| Term End2: | 30 June 1966 |
| Predecessor2: | The Lord Cobbold |
| Successor2: | Sir Leslie O'Brien |
| Birthname: | George Rowland Stanley Baring |
| Birth Date: | 1918 7, df=yes |
| Death Place: | London, England |
| Nationality: | British |
| Alma Mater: | Trinity College, Cambridge |
| Occupation: | Banker, diplomat |
| Allegiance: | United Kingdom |
| Branch: | British Army |
| Serviceyears: | 1938–1948 |
| Servicenumber: | 87193 |
| Rank: | Lieutenant Colonel |
| Unit: | Grenadier Guards |
| Battles: | Second World War |
| Mawards: | Knight Companion of the Order of the Garter Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George Member of the Order of the British Empire |
Lieutenant Colonel George Rowland Stanley Baring, 3rd Earl of Cromer, (28 July 1918 – 16 March 1991), styled Viscount Errington before 1953, was a British banker and diplomat. After serving during the Second World War, he was Governor of the Bank of England (1961–1966) and British Ambassador to the United States (1971–1974).
A member of the Baring family and the eldest son of the 2nd Earl of Cromer and his wife Ruby Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, he was educated at Eton and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he left after a year. He served with the Grenadier Guards during the Second World War, where he gained the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel and became a Member of the Order of the British Empire.
After serving as private secretary to Freeman Freeman-Thomas, 1st Marquess of Willingdon in 1938, he joined Barings Bank, founded by his ancestor Sir Francis Baring, as a clerk. After military service during the war, he was managing director of Barings between 1949 and 1959. He then served as Economic Minister at the British Embassy in Washington as well as holding executive directorships at the International Monetary Fund, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, and the International Finance Corporation.
He was appointed Governor of the Bank of England in 1961, a position he held until 1966. During his governorship he clashed with the incoming Labour Prime Minister Harold Wilson over Cromer's desire to see government spending contained, which may have contributed to his decision not to seek a second term. Cromer was subsequently appointed to the Privy Council. He was responsible for the Cromer Report into Lloyd's of London.
From 1971 to 1974 he served as British Ambassador to the United States. Following his appointment he became a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George, and was raised to the rank of Knight Grand Cross in 1974. He was a Governor of the pro-NATO Atlantic Institute and a member of the Pilgrims Society executive committee.
In 1977, he was made a Knight Companion of the Garter.
Cromer married the Hon Esme Mary Gabriel Harmsworth (1922–2011) in 1942, daughter of Esmond Harmsworth, 2nd Viscount Rothermere.
They had three children:
Both the Countess of Cromer and her daughter-in-law were royal attendants. Esme Harmsworth was a Lady of the Bedchamber to Queen Elizabeth II, while Lavinia Baring was a Lady-in-Waiting to Diana, Princess of Wales.
In 1964, during the period he was at the Bank of England, Cromer purchased a Fairey Huntsman 28 sports cruiser from Fairey Marine, Hamble. Bearing the name Le Reve, the vessel was taken to France. The boat still exists, and details can be seen on the Fairey Owners Club[1] website.
The 3rd Earl died on 16 March 1991 in London. Esme remarried in 1993 to Gerrit van der Woude.
| Lt. Col. Rowland Baring, 3rd Earl of Cromer, KG, GCMG, MBE, PC | |
| Coronet: | An Earl's Coronet |
| Crest: | Between wings conjoined in base Argent a mullet Erminois. |
| Escutcheon: | Azure on a fess Or an escallop Azure for difference in chief a bear's head couped proper muzzled and ringed Or. |
| Supporters: | Two bears proper muzzled Or that to the dexter collared checky Argent and Azure and charged on the shoulder with a lion's head erased Or that to the sinister collared gemel and charged on the shoulder with an escallop Or. |
| Motto: | PROBITATE ET LABORE |