Geof Darrow Explained

Birth Name:	Geofrey Darrow
Birth Place:	Cedar Rapids, Iowa, U.S.
Write:	y
Pencil:	y
Ink:	y
Notable Works:	Hard Boiled, The Big Guy and Rusty the Boy Robot, Shaolin Cowboy
Awards:	Eisner Awards (1991, 1996, 2006); Inkpot Award (2012)^[1]
Birth Date:	21 October 1955

Geofrey "Geof" Darrow (born October 21, 1955) is an American comic book artist, best known for his work on comic series Shaolin Cowboy, Hard Boiled and The Big Guy and Rusty the Boy Robot, which was adapted into an animated television series of the same name. He worked as a concept artist and storyboarder for The Matrix series of films. Darrow's approach to comics and art has been cited as an influence by a multitude of artists including Peter Chung,^[2] Frank Quitely,^[3] Seth Fisher,^[4] Eric Powell,^[5] Frank Cho,^[6] Juan José Ryp,^[7] James Stokoe,^[8] Chris Burnham,^[9] Aaron Kuder,^[10] Nick Pitarra,^{[11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16]}

Early life

Geofrey Darrow was born on October 21, 1955,^[17] in Cedar Rapids, Iowa.^[18] He attended a Catholic school for thirteen years.^[19] Darrow read comics, mostly DC, from an early age, but he only decided to pursue a career in illustration after first seeing Jack Kirby's work in Fantastic Four Annual #3.^[20] As a teenager, he encountered Maurice Horn's The World Encyclopedia of Comics, which contained excerpts from Lieutenant Blueberry illustrated by Jean Giraud, whose art further affected his outlook on comics.^[21] Darrow sought out all available Blueberry volumes, gradually moving to other European works, such as Jean-Claude Mézières' Valérian and Greg and Hermann's Bernard Prince.^{[22] [23]}

Career

After graduating from Chicago Academy of Fine Arts, Darrow worked as a freelance illustrator for various advertising agencies.^[19] In the late 1970s, he moved to Los Angeles and joined Hanna-Barbera, where he worked as a character designer on a number of cartoon series, including Super Friends in its various incarnations.^[24] During his time in animation, Darrow became acquainted with such comic and animation industry figures as Jack Kirby, Alex Toth, Tex Avery and Dave Stevens.^{[20] [23] [25]} In 1982, Darrow met French comic book creator and his artistic idol Mœbius, who was staying in Los Angeles while working on Tron for Disney.^{[20] [26]} Upon learning that Darrow is an artist interested in creating comics, Mœbius arranged a meeting for him with Les Humanoïdes Associés, the publisher of French science fiction anthology Métal Hurlant, and offered to collaborate on some sort of project.^[27] Eventually, Darrow moved to France to be able to work with Giraud more closely as the two were planning to produce a comic strip written by Mœbius and drawn by Darrow,^[28] but Giraud had left France for Tahiti two weeks after Darrow's arrival.^{[22] [21]} Despite that, they were able to produce an art portfolio titled La Cité Feu, penciled by Darrow, inked and colored by Mœbius, published in 1984 by Éditions Ædena.^[29] The meeting with Les Humanoïdes Associés resulted in Darrow's first published comics work which was also the debut of his character Bourbon Thret. The following year, the story was reprinted in Geof Darrow Comics and Stories along with a new one, also starring Bourbon Thret, and several pin-ups colored by Mœbius, Tanino Liberatore and François Boucq. The volume was also released as a limited edition accompanied by Darrow Magazine, which mostly consisted of illustrated private jokes from various French comic artists. Mistaking the Magazine for an actual periodical publication, a number of artists contacted Darrow and sent him their portfolios in hopes of doing artwork for the magazine.^[30]

During one of their stays in Los Angeles, Mœbius introduced Darrow to Frank Miller, which led to a friendship and a number of comics collaborations. Darrow, Miller and Steve Gerber started developing a Superman series as part of the Metropolis proposal,^[31] then after the idea fell through, Miller offered Darrow to work on a Daredevil story he was writing that would delve into the character's origin.^{[20] [26] [32]} Eventually, Miller realized he didn't want to be the person to bring Darrow into the world of Big Two work-for-hire, and the two focused on developing their own story.^[25] As Darrow has never worked with a writer before, he often strayed from the script, prompting Miller to make a number of significant changes to the story.^{[20] [33]} Between 1990 and 1992, Dark Horse published the three-issue mini-series titled Hard Boiled, which earned Miller and Darrow the 1991 Eisner Award in the "Best Writer/Artist Team" category. After Hard Boiled, Darrow wanted to do a superhero story,^{[25] [33]} specifically, an Iron Man story, although Marvel wasn't interested.^[21] Miller and Darrow started developing the concept into their next project, The Big Guy and Rusty the Boy Robot. This time, they worked in the so-called "Marvel style": Miller wrote a few paragraphs describing the general plot, from which Darrow drew the eighty-page story, which Miller then wrote the dialogue over.^{[27] [34]} Between 1993 and the series' first issue, released in 1995, the characters of Big Guy and Rusty appeared in a number of Darrow-illustrated posters and pin-ups, occasionally crossing over with other creator-owned characters such as Spawn and Ash. In 1994, Dark Horse started a new imprint titled Legend, spear-headed by Frank Miller and John Byrne and encompassing works by various creators including Art Adams, Mike Mignola and Darrow.^[32] The Big Guy and Rusty the Boy Robot was published in two issues in 1995 and 1996 under the Legend imprint. Between the release of the first and the second issues, the characters also appeared in two issues of Mike Allred's Madman, which was also published under the Legend imprint at the time. The comic book was later adapted into a 26-episode animated series of the same name, produced by Columbia TriStar Television and Dark Horse Entertainment, airing for two seasons from 1999 to 2001.^[35]

After finishing Big Guy and Rusty, Darrow decided to return to his Bourbon Thret character but felt he needed to "adapt" him for the American audience.^{[36] [37]}

Meanwhile, relative unknowns the Wachowskis (having only directed the 1996 film Bound, as a low budget "audition piece"),^[38] impressed by Darrow's art for Hard Boiled, wanted to work with him on their production for The Matrix.^[35] Warner Bros. contacted Darrow, and after reading the script he agreed to work on the film.^{[26] [39]} Wachowskis also brought comic book artist Steve Skroce from their short stint on Epic Comics' Ectokid, and the two proceeded to work on the concepts and storyboards which, when finished, played a pivotal role in getting the movie greenlit and financed.^{[40] [41] [42]} The Wachowskis later brought in Darrow as the conceptual designer on Speed Racer, although his contributions were significantly smaller compared to The Matrix trilogy.^{[17] [43]} In 1999, shortly after the release of the first Matrix film, the Wachowskis announced they'll be working on an animated adaptation of Hard Boiled but the project was cancelled due to Miller not wanting to see his creation as an animated film.^[44] In 2019, Warner Bros. announced that Darrow and Skorce will be returning as storyboard artists and concept designers for the production of the fourth installment of The Matrix.^[45]

After finishing work on The Matrix trilogy, the Wachowskis set up a publishing house, Burlyman Entertainment, for which Darrow provided the logo illustration.^[46] Burlyman's output consisted of two paperbacks of The Matrix Comics collecting the short comic stories from The Matrix website, as well as seven issues of Darrow's Shaolin Cowboy, published between 2005 and 2007, and six issues of Doc Frankenstein, a Wachowskis-written and Skroce-drawn series originating from a concept developed by Darrow,^{[47] [48]} which he described as "Doc Savage meets Citizen Kane".^{[36] [49]}

In 2009, it was announced that the Wachowskis and Circle of Confusion were producing an animated feature of Shaolin Cowboy, subtitled Tomb of Doom, written and co-directed by Darrow, and animated by Madhouse.^{[44] [50] [51]} Darrow spent a year living in Japan^{[20] [52]} and working on the production which was halted after the American financiers, The Weinstein Company, backed out.^{[53] [54]} Around half of the footage was finished, and some of the completed scenes and pencil tests were shown at San Diego Comic Con in 2012^{[26] [44]} and Chicago Comic & Entertainment Expo in 2015.^[21] The film was supposed to feature a sequence animated by Masaaki Yuasa.^[25] In 2012, Shaolin Cowboy resumed publication at Dark Horse with a 96-page book stylized as a pulp magazine containing a Shaolin Cowboy prose story written by Andrew Vachss (with whom Darrow has had a working relationship dating back to the early 90s)^[55] with spot illustrations by Darrow, a prose story by Michael A. Black with spot illustrations by Gary Gianni^[56] and one-page strips written and drawn by Darrow. The book was followed by The Shaolin Cowboy, a four-issue mini-series subtitled Shemp Buffet for the collected edition,^{[57] [58]} and The Shaolin Cowboy: Who Will Stop the Reign?, another four-issue mini-series, which incorporated some the visual ideas from the unfinished animated feature.^[59]

In 2015, DC Comics announced Darrow as the artist for the supplemental mini-comic to the third issue of Frank Miller and Brian Azzarello's , as well as the variant covers for issues 3 and 4,^{[60] [61]} though none of his contributions were ultimately realized.^[62] Meanwhile, Dark Horse issued a press release announcing the first English-language collection of the Bourbon Thret strips, to be partially re-colored by Dave Stewart.^{[63] [25]} Since then, Dark Horse has re-released Hard Boiled and The Big Guy and Risty the Boy Robot with new coloring by Stewart as well as the entirety of Shaolin Cowboy in a uniform format. As of 2019, the Bourbon Thret collection still hasn't been released.

Over the course of his career, Darrow has contributed storyboards and conceptual designs for a number film productions, many of which ended up cancelled, including J. J. Abrams' ,^[64] an animated feature by Ridley Scott,^{[20] [65]} one of Hollywood's attempts at adapting Akira^[39] and Alex Proyas' adaptation of Paradise Lost.^[19] Outside of comics and film, Darrow has contributed artwork to a number of trading card series, including ,^[66] Star Wars Galaxy,^[67] Witchblade,^[68] The Shadow and Madman,^[17] as well as promotional posters,^{[69] [70]} CD covers and role-playing games. Darrow also serves on the national advisory board of PROTECT: The National Association to Protect Children.^{[71] [72]}

Awards

• 1991: Will Eisner Comic Industry AwardsNomineeBest Artist (for Hard Boiled - Dark Horse)
• 1991: Will Eisner Comic Industry AwardsWinnerBest Writer/Artist or Writer/Artist Team (with Frank Miller, for Hard Boiled - Dark Horse)
• 1996: Will Eisner Comic Industry AwardsWinnerBest Penciller/Inker (for The Big Guy and Rusty the Boy Robot - Dark Horse/Legend)
• 2005: Will Eisner Comic Industry AwardsNomineeBest Best Penciller/Inker or Penciller/Inker Team (for Shaolin Cowboy - Burlyman Entertainment)
• 2005: Will Eisner Comic Industry AwardsNomineeBest New Series (for Shaolin Cowboy - Burlyman Entertainment)
• 2006: Will Eisner Comic Industry AwardsWinnerBest Writer/Artist (for Shaolin Cowboy - Burlyman Entertainment)
• 2012: PROTECT Messenger Award
• 2012: Inkpot Award

Influences

Darrow has stated in interviews that he considers Jack Kirby, Hergé,^[32] Mœbius (to whom he dedicated The Shaolin Cowboy: Who Will Stop the Reign?),^{[73] [25]} Jean-Claude Mézières, Hermann,^[22] François Boucq,^[33] Osamu Tezuka, Katsuhiro Otomo,^[53] Sanpei Shirato,^{[20] [25]} Vaughn Bode, Jack Davis, Richard Corben,^[28] as well as the films of Anthony Mann^{[18] [19]} as his artistic influences. Shaolin Cowboy in particular was inspired by the television series Kung Fu,^{[53] [74]} Akira Kurosawa’s Yojimbo^{[18] [75]} and Shintaro Katsu's portrayal of Zatoichi.^{[20] [22]}

Filmography

Film

Year	Film	width=80	Conceptual designer	width=80	Storyboard artist	Notes
1992	Josette au Beret			Extra, credited as "Motorcycle Man"
1996	Barb Wire			Visual consultant
1999	The Matrix			With Steve Skroce
2003	The Matrix Reloaded			With Steve Skroce
	The Matrix Revolutions			With Steve Skroce
2008	Speed Racer
	The Spirit			The Spirit butcher diagram
2021	The Matrix Resurrections			With Steve Skroce

Television

Darrow contributed character designs to a number of Hanna-Barbera cartoon shows:

• Super Friends (1981–1983)
  • (1984)
  • (1985)
• Richie Rich (1982)
• Pac-Man (1983)
• The Biskitts (1983)
• Pink Panther and Sons (1984)

He's also credited as "model designer" for CBS' Garbage Pail Kids (1987) and "monster designer" for the adaptation of The Big Guy and Rusty the Boy Robot (1999–2001).

Bibliography

Early work

• La Cité Feu (eight-plate full-color portfolio created in collaboration with Mœbius, Ædena, 1984)
• Métal Hurlant #101: "Bourbon Thret: Terreur Paroissiale" (w/a, anthology, Les Humanoïdes Associés, 1984)
  • A colorized version of the story with rearranged layouts was reprinted in English as "Bourbon Thret: Parochial Terror" in Heavy Metal vol. 8 #12 (1985)
  • A recolored version of the story with the Heavy Metal layouts was reprinted in French as "La Paroisse Infernale" in Geof Darrow Comics and Stories (1986)
• L'Univers de Gir: "Hommage à Gir" (black-and-white illustration for an interview with Mœbius conducted by Darrow, 94 pages, Dargaud, 1986,)
• La bande à Renaud: "Au pays des Gavroches" (two-page full-color illustration, anthology graphic novel, 44 pages, Dargaud, 1986,)
• Airboy vol. 2 #12: "I Don't Need My Grave, Part Two" (inks on Bill Jaaska, written by Chuck Dixon, co-feature, Eclipse, 1986)
• East Meets West (ten-plate full-color portfolio story about the adventures of Bourbon Thret and Clint Eastwood, Ædena, 1986)
• Geof Darrow Comics and Stories (w/a, full-color, 55 pages, Ædena, 1986,)
  • Contains a new Bourbon Thret story, "Les Requins aussi aiment le Cola-Cola", and several pin-ups.
  • Reprinted by Dargaud under the Neopolis imprint as Bourbon Thret (45 pages, 1995,)
• Les Magiciens d'eau: "Sead" (w/a, anthology graphic novel, 44 pages, Bandes Originales, 1987,)
  • A black-and-white version of the story with rearranged layouts was reprinted in Dark Horse Presents #19 (Dark Horse, 1988)
  • Original version of the story was reprinted in black and white in Crisis Presents #3: Second Xpresso Special (Fleetway, 1991)
• Strip AIDS U.S.A.: "Untitled" (w/a, one-page story, anthology graphic novel, 140 pages, Last Gasp, 1988,)
• Pilote et Charlie #27: "Un Américain à Paris" (two-page full-color illustration for an article, anthology, Dargaud, 1988)
• The Rocketeer Adventure Magazine #2–3 (uncredited art assist to Dave Stevens, Comico, 1988; Dark Horse, 1995)

Dark Horse Comics

• Cheval Noir (black-and-white anthology, 1989–1991):
  • Title page illustrations in #1–2, 4, 6, 9–10, 12 and 14.
  • Back cover illustrations in #1–6, 8–9, 11, 13–15, 17 and 18.
  • Table of Contents illustrations in #1–2, 4–5, 7–8, 11, 13, 16–17 and 19.
  • Humorous one-page stories about Darrow's career (written and illustrated by Darrow) in #3 and 4.
• The Godzilla Portfolio #2 (one black-and-white plate reproducing a pin-up from Geof Darrow Comics and Stories, 1989)
• Hard Boiled #1–3 (a, with Frank Miller, 1990–1992) collected as Hard Boiled (tpb, 128 pages, 1993,, hc, 144 pages, 1993,)
  • An unlettered and uncolored version of the story was released in an oversized edition titled Big Damn Hard Boiled (tpb, 128 pages, 1998,)
  • A recolored version of the story was released as part of a series of Darrow reprints (hc, 136 pages, 2017,)
• Another Chance to Get It Right (black-and-white illustrations for the novella written by Andrew Vachss, among other artists):
  • 18-page sequence in the first edition of the book (sc, 64 pages, 1992,, hc, 1993,)
  • Additional 4 full-page illustrations for the third edition (sc, 88 pages, 2003,)
• Hard Looks (black-and-white illustrations for prose stories written by Andrew Vachss):
  • "Head Case" (in #8 of the anthology series, 1993)
  • "Half Breed: Death Trap" (in the third edition of the tpb, 208 pages, 2002,)
• Big Guy and Rusty the Boy Robot #1–2 (a, with Frank Miller, Legend, 1995–1996) collected as Big Guy and Rusty the Boy Robot (tpb, 80 pages, 1996,)
  • An unlettered and uncolored version of the story was released in an oversized edition titled King-Size Big Guy and Rusty (tpb, 72 pages, 1997,)
  • A recolored version of the story was released as part of a series of Darrow reprints (hc, 104 pages, 2015,)
• Art Adams' Creature Features (foreword for the collection, 108 pages, 1996,)
• Aliens: Havoc #1 (one page, inks on Gary Gianni, written by Mark Schultz, 1997)
• Dark Horse Presents (anthology, 2011–2017):
  • Black-and-white back cover and spot illustrations (in vol. 2 #1–15, 17–36 and vol. 3 #1–33)
  • Black-and-white and full-color illustrations for Andrew Vachss-penned prose stories (in vol. 2 #10–11 and 13)
  • "A Conversation with Geof Darrow" (interview conducted by Mike Richardson; in vol. 2 #22 and on Dark Horse's blog)
  • "Terror Comes Forth on the Fourth!!!!!!" (w/a, Big Guy and Rusty the Boy Robot short story + a pin-up gallery, in vol. 3 #1)
• Shaolin Cowboy (w/a):
  • The Adventure Magazine (with Andrew Vachss, Michael A. Black and Gary Gianni, 96 pages, 2012,)
  • The Shaolin Cowboy #1–4 (2013–2014) collected as Shaolin Cowboy: Shemp Buffet (hc, 136 pages, 2015,)
  • Who'll Stop the Reign? #1–4 (2017) collected as Shaolin Cowboy: Who'll Stop the Reign? (hc, 128 pages, 2017,)
• Usagi Yojimbo Volume 27: A Town Called Hell (foreword for the collection, hc, 208 pages, 2013, ; tpb,)
• (artbook with commentary from various comic industry creators, 128 pages, 2017,)

Other publishers

• XXXenophile #9: "Tales of the Velvet Fist: Occupational Hazard" (inks on Phil Foglio, anthology, Palliard Press, 1994)
• Shi: Senryaku #1 (of 3) (two-page illustration for a prose story written by Gary Cohn, among other artists, Crusade, 1995)
• A Fall of Stardust: Portfolio (one full-color plate, Green Man Press, 1999)
• Bits and Pieces of Information (a, with the Wachowskis, webcomic, Warner Bros., 1999) collected in The Matrix Comics Volume 1 (tpb, 160 pages, 2003,)
• The Art of the Matrix (includes conceptual designs and storyboards created by Darrow for the film accompanied by his commentary, 488 pages, Gardners, 2000,)
• Shaolin Cowboy #1–7 (w/a, Burlyman Entertainment, 2004–2007) collected as Shaolin Cowboy (tpb, 208 pages, 2014, ; hc, Dark Horse, 2018,)
• TOME Volume 1: "Ben Templesmith in Conversation with Geof Darrow" (anthology graphic novel, 200 pages, IDW Publishing, 2013,)
• DMFAO + DMFAO Too + DMFAO Tree + DMFAO For (series of self-published sketchbooks sold at the San Diego Comic-Con, 2013–2016)
• Frank Cho's Women: Selected Drawings and Illustrations Volume 2 (foreword for the artbook, hc, 80 pages, Image, 2013, ; sc,)
• Where We Live: "Ordinary Devotion" (illustration for a prose story written by Jennifer Battisti, anthology graphic novel, 336 pages, Image, 2018,)

Other work

Interviews

• Web site: Audio interview, 62 minutes . Comic Zone Radio . January 14, 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080121164133/http://geoffdarrow.comiczoneradio.com/ . January 21, 2008 . dead .
• Web site: Audio interview, 80 minutes . Inkstuds . February 25, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120308111324/http://www.inkstuds.org/?p=3425 . March 8, 2012 . live .
• Web site: Audio interview, 62 minutes . SKTCHD . November 20, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191213170039/http://hwcdn.libsyn.com/p/9/d/9/9d9532bfa37f4401/Geof_Darrow.mp3?c_id=17806296&cs_id=17806296&expiration=1576261434&hwt=c60543dab217ca704f38d00cd3f42a67 . December 13, 2019 . live .
• Web site: Video interview, 11 minutes . https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211213/qNgVRZnNejo . 2021-12-13 . live. Syfy Wire . July 16, 2018 .

Notes and References

1. https://www.comic-con.org/awards/inkpot Inkpot Award
2. Web site: The State of Visual Narrative In Film And Comics . Animation World Magazine #3.4 (1998) . https://web.archive.org/web/20011223093545/http://www.awn.com/mag/issue3.4/3.4pages/3.4chung.html . December 23, 2001 . live .
3. Web site: Frank Quitely on Visual Process and Cyclical Influence . . October 14, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20141016225055/http://comicsbeat.com/nycc-14-frank-quitely-on-visual-process-and-cyclical-influence/ . October 16, 2014 . live .
4. Web site: Adrienne . Rappaport . Seth Fisher: From Happydale to Japan . Sequential Tart, July 2002 . https://web.archive.org/web/20040131004423/http://www.sequentialtart.com/archive/june02/sfisher.shtml . January 31, 2004 . live .
5. Web site: Modern Masters Volume 28: Eric Powell (pg. 8) . . https://web.archive.org/web/20121119153440/http://www.twomorrows.com/media/MMV28PowellPreview.pdf . November 19, 2012 . live .
6. Web site: Mickaël . Géreaume . Interview comics de Frank Cho . Planète BD . June 28, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120629042257/http://www.planetebd.com/interview/frank-cho/340.html . June 29, 2012 . live .
7. Web site: Mickaël . Géreaume . Interview comics de Juan Jose Ryp . Planète BD . June 16, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120814031813/http://www.planetebd.com/interview/juan-jose-ryp/331.html . August 14, 2012 . live . December 14, 2019 .
8. Web site: Chris . Thompson . Five Questions with James Stokoe . Orbital Comics . March 12, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191207225104/https://www.orbitalcomics.com/five-questions-with-james-stokoe-creator-of-orc-stain-wonton-soup/ . December 7, 2019 . dead .
9. Web site: Sava . Oliver . Batman Incorporated artist Chris Burnham . May 23, 2012 . . https://web.archive.org/web/20191103042558/https://www.avclub.com/batman-incorporated-artist-chris-burnham-1798231439 . November 3, 2019 . live .
10. Web site: Tim . Callahan . The Aaron Kuder Interview: Awesomeness is Contagious . . May 14, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120516013257/http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=38657 . May 16, 2012 . dead .
11. Web site: Harper . David . Artist August: Nick Pitarra (Interview) . Multiversity Comics . August 1, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120119173318/http://www.multiversitycomics.com/2011/08/artist-august-nick-pitarra-interview.html . January 19, 2012 . live .
12. Web site: Rebel . Rikki . Interview: Ulises Farinas . Nerdy Nothings . June 28, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110717201426/http://nerdynothings.com/comic-nothings/interview-ulises-farinas/ . July 17, 2011 . live .
13. Web site: Gemma . Wilson . Prodigal Pages . City Arts Magazine . June 23, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181109095423/https://www.cityartsmagazine.com/prodigal-pages/ . November 9, 2018 . live .
14. Web site: Andrew . Webster . Bleak and charming cyberpunk art of Josan Gonzalez . . April 2, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160402235839/http://www.theverge.com/2016/4/2/11345640/josan-gonzalez-the-future-is-now-sci-fi-art . April 2, 2016 . live .
15. Web site: BCP Interview – Tom Parkinson-Morgan brings KILL SIX BILLION DEMONS to Image Comics! . Big Comic Page . August 15, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160816134036/https://bigcomicpage.com/2016/08/15/bcp-interview-tom-parkinson-morgan-brings-kill-six-billion-demons-to-image-comics/ . August 16, 2016 . live .
16. Web site: Unbridled class and violence: an interview with Daniel Warren Johnson . November 28, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191207211715/https://www.lospaziobianco.it/en/unbridled-class-and-violence-an-interview-with-daniel-warren-johnson/ . December 7, 2019 . live .
17. http://lambiek.net/artists/d/darrow_g.htm Geof Darrow
18. Web site: The hard-to-find first arc of The Shaolin Cowboy is back! . Peters . Mark . . July 17, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180719112040/https://www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/geof-darrow-shaolin-cowboy/Content?oid=53129502 . July 19, 2018 . live.
19. Web site: Can you picture pop culture without Chicago's Geof Darrow? . Borelli . Christopher . . July 24, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170724210943/http://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/ct-geof-darrow-ent-0725-20170725-column.html . July 24, 2017 . live.
20. Web site: Robin . McConnell . Running with Giants – Geof Darrow Interview in Full Text . Inkstuds . December 1, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120108055115/http://www.inkstuds.org/?p=3823 . January 8, 2012 . live .
21. Web site: Shaun . Manning . Geof Darrow Talks Career, Moebius & Unfinished "Shaolin Cowboy" Film . CBR . April 28, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150501060843/http://www.comicbookresources.com/article/c2e2-geof-darrow-talks-career-moebius-unfinished-shaolin-cowboy-film . May 1, 2015 . dead .
22. Web site: Iconic Illustrator Geof Darrow On His Life in Comics and "Shaolin Cowboy" . Singh . Iqvinder . . January 3, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190103224140/https://www.juxtapoz.com/news/illustration/iconic-illustrator-geof-darrow-on-his-life-in-comics-and-shaolin-cowboy/ . January 3, 2019 . live.
23. Web site: Steve . Sunu . Darrow Discusses Reprint Collections, Reflect on Career . CBR . July 23, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140805115640/http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=54196 . August 5, 2014 . dead .
24. Web site: Geof Darrow Talks SHAOLIN COWBOYS, SUPER FRIENDS, and BOY ROBOTS . W. Harris-Keith . Jed . FreakSugar . April 23, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150426054347/http://www.freaksugar.com/geof-darrow-talks-shaolin-cowboys-super-friends-boy-robots/ . April 26, 2015. live.
25. Web site: Geof Darrow Resurrects Bourbon Thret, Reflects on Shaolin Cowboy, Moebius and Just About Everything Else . Foxe . Steve . . April 23, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150423232914/http://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2015/04/geof-darrow-ressurects-bourbon-thret-reflects-on-s.html . April 23, 2015 . live.
26. Web site: Geof Darrow Remembers Moebius, Talks Animated "Shaolin Cowboy" . Bailey . Benjamin . CBR . July 26, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121020231124/http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=40071 . October 20, 2012 . dead.
27. Web site: La Cité Feu . Moebius Odyssey . November 26, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181230075856/http://moebiusodyssey.space/portfolio/la-cite-feu/ . December 30, 2018 . live.
28. Web site: GEOF DARROW Recalls the 'Poetic' MOEBIUS . Greenfield . Dan . 13th Dimension . May 8, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170509024124/http://13thdimension.com/geof-darrow-recalls-the-poetic-moebius/ . May 9, 2017 . live.
29. Web site: Geof Darrow Remembers Moebius, Talks Animated "Shaolin Cowboy" . Bailey . Benjamin . CBR . July 26, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121020231124/http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=40071 . October 20, 2012 . dead.
30. Web site: The War of Words & Pictures: Comic Pioneers Brian Michael Bendis & Geof Darrow In Conversation . Paste . October 26, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171029060803/https://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2017/10/the-war-of-words-pictures-comic-pioneers-brian-mic.html . October 29, 2017 . live .
31. Web site: Comic Book Legends Revealed #254 . Cronin . Brian . April 1, 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100405072015/http://goodcomics.comicbookresources.com/2010/04/01/comic-book-legends-revealed-254/ . April 5, 2010 . dead .
32. Web site: Comics Titans Mike Mignola & Geof Darrow in Conversation . Paste . October 24, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190202064942/https://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2018/10/comics-titans-mike-mignola-geof-darrow-in-conversa.html . February 2, 2019 . live.
33. Web site: Comics Legend Geof Darrow Talks Big Guys 20th Anniversary . Furino . Giaco . . November 7, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160911230812/http://thecreatorsproject.vice.com/blog/comics-legend-geof-darrow-talks-ibig-guyis-20th-anniversary . September 11, 2016 . dead .
34. Web site: Exclusive: Geof Darrow talks return of Shaolin Cowboy in Who'll Stop the Reign . Avila . Mike . . April 18, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170419144504/http://www.blastr.com/2017-4-18/shaolin-cowboy-geof-darrow-interview . April 19, 2017 . dead .
35. Web site: God Is In The Details . Russo . Tom . . September 24, 1999 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080503021335/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,270885,00.html . May 3, 2008 . dead .
36. Web site: Geof Darrow on Shaolin Cowboy . Brady . Matt . . December 15, 2004 . https://web.archive.org/web/20041216220323/http://www.newsarama.com/pages/Shaolin.htm . December 16, 2004 . dead.
37. Web site: INTRODUCING BURLYMAN ENTERTAINMENT . Brady . Matt . Newsarama . July 6, 2004 . https://web.archive.org/web/20040720075712/http://newsarama.com/forums/showthread.php?s=&threadid=15119 . July 20, 2004 . dead.
38. Book: Marx, Christy . Christy Marx . The Wachowski Brothers: Creators of the Matrix . The Rosen Publishing Group . 2005 . 19–21 . 1-4042-0264-1.
39. Web site: Comics Legend Geof Darrow on 109-Page Zombie Fights, Designing The Matrix, and Hating Super Friends . Riesman . Abraham . Vulture . May 21, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150523013947/http://www.vulture.com/2015/05/geof-darrow-shaolin-cowboy-zombies.html . May 23, 2015 . live .
40. Web site: Matrix Revelations . Weinraub . Bernard . . September 24, 1999 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110127112800/http://www.nytimes.com/1999/04/05/movies/brothers-unleash-the-comic-book-of-ideas.html?src=pm . January 27, 2011 . live .
41. Web site: Brothers Unleash the Comic Book of Ideas . Miller . Mark . . November 1, 2003 . https://web.archive.org/web/20151027084255/http://www.wired.com/2003/11/matrix/ . October 27, 2015 . live .
42. Web site: Interview mit Bill Pope und Geofrey Darrow . Von Hans-Ulrich . Obrist . October 28, 1999 . . https://web.archive.org/web/20030915223744/http://container.zkm.de/netcondition/matrix/obrist.doc . September 15, 2003 . dead .
43. Web site: Interview with Michael Meyers . Dickreuter . Raffael . May 12, 2008 . XSI Base . https://web.archive.org/web/20080517121240/http://www.xsibase.com/articles.php?detail=145 . May 17, 2008 . dead .
44. Web site: The Hard Boiled Wachowski Movie That Almost Was, The Shaolin Cowboy Movie That Is, And The Darrow/Wachowski SF/Superhero Movie That May Be . July 13, 2012 . Bleeding Cool . https://web.archive.org/web/20120726030754/http://www.bleedingcool.com/2012/07/13/geof-darrow-wachowski-shaolin-cowboy-hard-boiled-sf-superhero . July 26, 2012 . live .
45. Web site: The Matrix Concept Artists Geof Darrow and Steve Skroce Are Coming Back for Matrix 4 . Burlingame . Russ . Comicbook.com . August 20, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190821003649/https://comicbook.com/movies/2019/08/20/the-matrix-concept-artists-geof-darrow-steve-skroce-matrix-4/ . August 21, 2019 . live.
46. Web site: The Matrix Comics Interview . Epstein . Daniel Robert . Under Ground Online . June 18, 2004 . https://web.archive.org/web/20040619161235/http://www.ugo.com/channels/comics/features/thematrix_comics/spencerlamm.asp . June 19, 2004 . dead.
47. Web site: Steve Skroce and the Return of "Doc Frankenstein" . Dueben . Alex . CBR . August 19, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140821100457/http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=54935 . August 21, 2014 . dead.
48. Web site: Our World Is A Three-Inch Screen – Conversations With Geof Darrow Part 2 . Means-Shannon . Hannah . Comicon.com . October 13, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171015130234/http://www.comicon.com/2017/10/13/our-world-is-a-three-inch-screen-conversations-with-geof-darrow-part-2/ . October 15, 2017 . live.
49. Web site: SKROCE AND THE MONSTER . Brady . Matt . Newsarama . September 16, 2004 . https://web.archive.org/web/20040922060527/http://newsarama.com/forums/showthread.php?s=&threadid=18150 . September 22, 2004 . dead.
50. Web site: Circle of Confusion hires Emery . McNary . Dave . . April 28, 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090501053851/http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118002955.html?categoryid=18&cs=1 . May 1, 2009 . dead.
51. Web site: 'Everything's A Western Anyway' – Conversations With Geof Darrow Part 1 . Means-Shannon . Hannah . Comicon.com . August 21, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170822173835/http://www.comicon.com/2017/08/21/everythings-a-western-anyway-conversations-with-geof-darrow-part-1/ . August 22, 2017 . live.
52. Web site: Geof Darrow Interview: The Legendary Artist Speaks - Page 3 . Knight . Rosie . Slashfilm . September 7, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180908063312/https://www.slashfilm.com/geof-darrow-interview/3/ . September 8, 2018 . live.
53. Web site: Q&A: Geof Darrow . Dueben . Alex . Smash Pages . August 24, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180831025459/http://smashpages.net/2018/08/24/smash-pages-qa-geof-darrow . August 31, 2018 . live.
54. Web site: Geof Darrow Talks New Shaolin Cowboy's Hyper-Detailed Art & Dialogue . Whalen . Andrew . Player.One . January 10, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180111015713/http://www.player.one/geof-darrow-talks-new-shaolin-cowboys-hyper-detailed-art-dialogue-123015 . January 11, 2018 . live.
55. https://web.archive.org/web/20030216123548/http://www.vachss.com/media/comics/geof_darrow.html Geofrey Darrow, the Undisputed King
56. Web site: Guest Blogger: Michael A. Black, co-author, THE SHAOLIN COWBOY ADVENTURE MAGAZINE . From Dundee's Desk . November 27, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130418002222/http://fromdundeesdesk.blogspot.com/2012/11/guest-blogger-michael-black-co-author.html . April 18, 2013 . live.
57. Web site: Giddy Up with Geof Darrow, Writer of Shaolin Cowboy from Dark Horse . Clary . Jennifer . PREVIEWSworld . August 15, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130822011920/http://www.previewsworld.com/Home/1/1/71/977?articleID=138165 . August 22, 2013 . live.
58. Web site: Geof Darrow Heralds the Return of "The Shaolin Cowboy" . Glendening . Daniel . April 27, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131023102448/http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=45169 . October 23, 2013 . dead.
59. Web site: Geof Darrow on THE SHAOLIN COWBOY: WHO'LL STOP THE REIGN?, Life, & Art . W. Keith . Jed . FreakSugar . April 17, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170421043900/http://www.freaksugar.com/geof-darrow-interview-the-shaolin-cowboy-wholl-stop-the-reign/ . April 21, 2017. live.
60. Web site: "Poison Ivy," "Green Lantern Corps" Debut in DC's January 2016 Solicitations . CBR . October 19, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20151020181507/http://www.comicbookresources.com/article/poison-ivy-green-lantern-corps-debut-in-dcs-january-2016-solicitations . October 20, 2015 . dead.
61. Web site: "Superman, "Batman," "Wonder Woman" & More Hit #50, "Suiciders" Returns in DC's March 2016 Solicits . CBR . December 14, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20151215221723/http://www.comicbookresources.com/article/superman-batman-wonder-woman-more-hit-50-suiciders-returns-in-dcs-march-2016-solicits . December 15, 2015 . dead.
62. Web site: Dark Knight III #3 Mini-Comic Switches Artist From Geof Darrow To John Romita Jr . Johnston . Rich . Bleeding Cool . December 3, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20151204205944/http://www.bleedingcool.com/2015/12/03/dark-knight-iii-3-mini-comic-switches-artist-from-geof-darrow-to-john-romita-jr/ . December 4, 2015 . live.
63. Web site: GEOF DARROW'S BOURBON THRET To Get American Release From DARK HORSE . Newsarama . April 23, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150427004551/http://www.newsarama.com/24263-geof-darrow-s-bourbon-thret-to-get-american-release-from-dark-horse.html . April 27, 2015 . live.
64. Web site: Geof Darrow Discusses SHAOLIN COWBOY and Cinema . W. Harris-Keith . Jed . FreakSugar . April 20, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150426053739/http://www.freaksugar.com/geof-darrow-discusses-shaolin-cowboy-cinema/ . April 26, 2015. live.
65. Web site: Geof Darrow Interview: The Legendary Artist Speaks - Page 2 . Knight . Rosie . Slashfilm . September 7, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180908043705/https://www.slashfilm.com/geof-darrow-interview/2/ . September 8, 2018 . live.
66. https://web.archive.org/web/20160924234847/http://magiccards.info/query?q=a:%22darrow%22&v=card&s=cname MagicCards.info
67. https://web.archive.org/web/20191213013222/http://www.kronozio.com/card/8a79752c-2995-485c-a6c1-130efe590563/1993-Star-Wars-Galaxy-Geof-Darrow-89 Kronozio.com
68. https://web.archive.org/web/20100926172525/http://nslists.com/witchbld.htm Jeff Allender's House of Checklists
69. https://web.archive.org/web/20141118070828/http://shop.nick.com/Legend-of-Korra-Geof-Darrow-Art/M/B00OYJU4IQ.htm Legend of Korra: Geof Darrow Art Print
70. https://web.archive.org/web/20191213014232/https://news.xbox.com/en-us/2015/07/10/games-rise-of-the-tomb-raider-posters/ Acclaimed Artists Create a Quartet of Original Rise of the Tomb Raider Posters
71. https://vimeo.com/52883872 Geof Darrow receives the 2012 PROTECT Messenger Award
72. Web site: A Quick Chat With Geof Darrow About His Relaunched Comic Series Shaolin Cowboy . Scheidt . Dave . . December 6, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191207233140/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/geof-darrow_b_4065352 . December 7, 2019 . live.
73. Web site: Intricate Nonsense – Geof Darrow On Shaolin Cowboy, Lead Poisoning, And Facing Consequences . Comicon.com . April 18, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170426060433/http://www.comicon.com/2017/04/18/intricate-nonsense-geof-darrow-on-shaolin-cowboy-lead-poisoning-and-facing-consequences/ . April 26, 2017 . live.
74. Web site: Crafting A 'Super-Violent' Showdown – Conversations With Geof Darrow Part 3 . Means-Shannon . Hannah . Comicon.com . October 25, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180219003120/http://www.comicon.com/2017/10/25/crafting-a-super-violent-showdown-conversations-with-geof-darrow-part-3/ . February 19, 2018 . live.
75. Web site: THE GEOF DARROW INTERVIEWS: The Riotous Return of SHAOLIN COWBOY . Greenfield . Dan . 13th Dimension . May 22, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170607100709/http://13thdimension.com/the-geof-darrow-interview-the-return-of-shaolin-cowboy/ . June 7, 2017 . live.