Gentleman (Psy song) explained
Gentleman |
Cover: | Gentleman cover artjpg.jpg |
Type: | single |
Artist: | Psy |
Recorded: | 2012–13 |
Producer: | Yoo Gun-hyung |
Prev Title: | Gangnam Style |
Prev Year: | 2012 |
Next Title: | Hangover |
Next Year: | 2014 |
"Gentleman" is a K-pop song by South Korean musician Psy released on April 12, 2013 (KST), serving as his 19th single. The song serves as the follow-up to his international hit single "Gangnam Style", which at the time of "Gentleman"'s release had been viewed on YouTube over 1.5 billion times.[1] The first public performance of the song, with its associated dance, was unveiled at 6:30 pm on April 13 at Seoul World Cup Stadium in Seoul.[2] [3] A poster and Twitter message was released containing the main line of the song "I'm a mother f••••• gentleman",[4] [5] The obscured word was later revealed to be "father". In 2013, Psy stated that he had no plans to release an album including the song or a sequel to it.
As of May 1, 2021, the video has been viewed more than 1.4 billion times.[6] It held the YouTube record for most views in its first 24 hours, and most views in any 24 hours for over nine years until September 2021. It also held the record for fastest music video to reach 100 million views for over six years until 2019's "Kill This Love" by fellow YG Entertainment girl group Blackpink. Other records previously held were the fastest overall video to reach 200 million views (until September 2017), and 300 million views (until November 2015). The song reached number one on charts in Luxembourg and South Korea, and peaked at number five on the US Billboard Hot 100, marking his second top-ten single on the chart.
History
Psy first announced a new single would be forthcoming by Twitter on March 8.[7] He originally intended to follow up "Gangnam Style" with a song called "Assarabia", which is Korean slang for "Oh Yeah!", but changed course upon realizing that the title might be offensive to Arab listeners.
For the April 13 debut of the dance, Psy instructed fans to attend in white attire.[8] 50,000 people attended the April 13 World Cup Stadium performance. The 6:30 pm Seoul time/ 2:30 am U.S. ET performance was broadcast live on YouTube.[9] [10] [11]
Although his previous song's associated widely imitated horse-riding dance had brought him notoriety, the "Harlem Shake" had recently challenged Psy and "Gangnam Style" for the top position in pop culture. Psy felt a lot of pressure to satisfy his growing fanbase, saying "Of course I feel more burden than before, because lots of people are watching." The new dance is characterized by fast, hip-swinging movements in Stuff.[12]
When the song was being introduced, Adam Sherwin of The Independent reported that "A trailer posted on Psy's Twitter links to a thudding beat with a repeated lyric of 'I'm a mother, father, gentleman'. Or 'motherf***er' depending on the interpretation of Psy's accent." A poster was also released containing the main line of the song "I'm a mother fxxxxx gentleman". At a press conference for the "Happening" concert, Psy mentioned that he chose the phrase because it was easy to pronounce. He also chose "alangamola" ("I don't know if you know") as a common lyric in the song as it was easy to sing along to.[13]
The song features more English than "Gangnam Style".[14] The website The Huffington Post classifies the song as electropop, while Time describes it as K-pop.
In an interview with The Daily Beast, Psy said he originally planned to collaborate with Justin Bieber on the single, but he and manager Scooter Braun deferred that to make the goal of the single to prove he was not a one-hit wonder. He described the song as "a sort of a mash-up of my previous 10 tracks and 10 hooks. I made a surgery with those 10 songs."[15]
Reception
Critical reception
Initial reactions were mixed as critics acknowledged the catchy tunes of "Gentleman" but also remained skeptical as to whether it will surpass the popularity of "Gangnam Style". CNN's Jake Tapper asserted that Psy's concern about being left behind as a one-hit wonder is "completely founded".[16] Simon Vozick-Levinson, associate editor at Rolling Stone, pointed out that "It's almost impossible to create another hit like "Gangnam Style". Psy responded to these concerns and says, "I've been doing this for 12 years. Would it be fair to call me a one-hit wonder just because my next song falls flat? I gained international fame almost by accident but that does not mean that I will make desperate efforts to maintain that global popularity. I will just continue to do what I have been doing for all these years. If it satisfies people's appetite it will. If not, it won't."[17]
In a positive review, Nick Hasted of independent.co.uk wrote ""Gentleman" doesn't leave him as a one-hit novelty outside his homeland" and ""Gentleman" follows its predecessor's structure precisely, with its woozy synth-breaks, sonic drop-outs leaving space for Psy's interjections, chanted verses and explosive choruses."[18]
Chart performance
South Korea
Upon its release, "Gentleman" went straight to number one on the Gaon Singles Chart on the third week of April 2013, with 429,255 digital downloads.[19] [20] In its second week, the song remained atop the chart, selling 443,517 copies.[21] [22] It also debuted at number one on Billboards Korea K-Pop Hot 100 for the week of April 27, 2013.
Europe
In the United Kingdom, "Gentleman" entered at number 61 on the UK Singles Chart on April 14, 2013―for the week ending date April 20, 2013―after being on sale for less than 48 hours.[23] The following week, the song leapt fifty one places to number ten, becoming Psy's second top ten hit in the country.[24]
Oceania
In Australia, "Gentleman" debuted at number 15 on the ARIA Singles Chart on April 22, 2013, becoming the highest new entry for the week.[25] [26] The single also made its chart debut on the New Zealand Singles Chart at number 10 on April 22, 2013.[27]
North America
In the United States, "Gentleman" debuted at number 12 on the Billboard Hot 100 for the week ending April 27, 2013, with 27,000 downloads sold through the end of the Nielsen SoundScan tracking week on April 14 following its digital release on April 12. It launched at number one on Streaming Songs with 8.6 million streams registered in the United States in just shy of two days since its posting on April 13.[28] The following week the song bounded from number 12 to number five, as it tallied a second week at the top on Streaming Songs with 13.9 million U.S. streams and debuted at number 20 on Digital Songs with 72,000 downloads sold, a 167% improvement over its sum previous week.[29] Ben Sisario of The New York Times wrote that the reason why "Gentleman" wasn't a shoo-in for number one was that even though Billboard had incorporated YouTube views and Spotify into its Hot 100 chart, only streams in the United States would count towards the chart.[30] [31] The week after, the song dropped to number 26 on the Billboard Hot 100.[32]
Music video
Background and production
The music video is directed by Cho Soo-hyun, who previously directed Psy's music video for "Gangnam Style", and the MV for "This Love" by Shinhwa.[33] It is co-edited by Yang Hyun-suk. "Gentleman" was filmed on April 8 and 9 in various parts of Seoul and Goyang, South Korea.[34] The boutique in the opener is the 10 Corso Como store in Cheongdam-dong,[35] and the elevator scene was at the Grand InterContinental Hotel, both of which are in the Gangnam District.[36] The elementary school was in Seongdong District, and the library was the Seoul Metropolitan Library in Seoul City Hall. A part of the hip-swing dance scenes was at the Mapo Bridge. In Goyang, scenes were shot at an indoor pool at Goyang Gymnasium, an Ilsan indoor golf driving range, and Hallyu World. South Korean TV show Infinite Challenge cast members Yoo Jae-suk, Park Myeong-su, Jeong Jun-ha, Jeong Hyeong-don, Noh Hong-chul, HaHa, and Gil make appearances in the video,[37] with Yoo and Noh making return appearances from the "Gangnam Style" video. The two bikini girls are models; the yellow bikini girl, Sora Choi, was the winner of the third cycle of Korea's Next Top Model. Four of the other girls featured in the music video are acting majors from Dongduk Women's University in Seoul.
The video is described to have a "sexual twist" in comparison to his previous single and features Psy performing a "fast, hip-swinging dance," sporting harem pants, and an array of jackets in wide-ranging colors and sunglasses that he has become known for wearing.[38] Before the release of the video, he hinted that the choreography will be a unique take on a classic dance by stating that "All Koreans know this dance. But (those in) other countries haven't seen it". The dance was later revealed to be the "arrogant dance" from the song "Abracadabra" by South Korean girl group Brown Eyed Girls.[39] Lee Joo Sun, Psy's choreographer who came up with the 'horse-riding' dance for "Gangnam Style," had said, "We have a great dance. We thought up 50 different dances, everything from a sports dance to an animal dance, but we finally decided that [Brown Eyed Girls'] dance fits the song best."[40] The music video also features an appearance by the girl group member Ga-In. Psy reportedly paid a royalty to Brown Eyed Girls' choreographers in order to use the routine in the video.[41] Another dance move called the "crab dance" was incorporated where one moves sideways with their hands in the shape of a crab's claw, and created by Lee Joo-sun.[42]
Editing took place from April 10–12, while Psy was also preparing for his concert. He said that in that week, he got five years older. He estimates the production cost was larger than expected, about $150,000, partly from schedule changes on his part.
Synopsis
The video features Psy performing ungentlemanly pranks on various people until he meets a girl who pulls unmannerly pranks on him.[43]
As a tuxedo-clad Psy, wearing sunglasses, walks up a paved street hill with an entourage of comparatively older men, he stops to kick a traffic cone. He is in a boutique with the men who follow him while holding shopping bags. As he passes through the shop's corridors, he grabs the breast-contour of a female-shaped mannequin. He lounges in a patio chair while a girl dances behind him. Psy dances at a playground with a guy (HaHa). Psy plays Candy Crush Saga on his iPhone 5,[44] as a woman (Kim Min-sun) jogs on a treadmill, but then he adjusts the controls to speed up the treadmill, propelling the woman to the floor while he laughs.[45] On the following scene, Psy holds the hands of a girl (Bang Kyung-ran) at a restaurant table, while Noh Hong-chul thrusts his pelvis in the background. Psy then pushes the bottom of her coffee cup to her face.
Yoo Jae-suk, wearing his yellow tuxedo and sunglasses as in the "Gangnam Style" video, rushes into an elevator, urgently needing to reach a bathroom, but Psy arrives and stalls the trip by pushing all the elevator floor buttons; he taunts the doubled-over Yoo with his dance. At a library, Psy farts in his hand—cupping it to contain and concentrate the flatus—and then, depicted in slow motion, delivers it in front of the face of a girl (Kim Hyun-Joo).[46]
In a pink tuxedo, Psy does the hip-swaying dance while putting his hand to his chin, while the dancers do the same; the women have their backs to the viewers so they sway with their ponytails. Psy crashes a kids' soccer game and kicks their ball away. He applies lotion to a girl in a violet bikini (Ji Ho-jin) and a girl in a yellow bikini (Choi So-ra) while a guy (Gil Seong-joon) carefully works a hair dryer and brush on his bald head, Psy undoes the yellow bikini girl's top. He lies on his belly on the floor while two guys (Park Myeong-su and Jeong Jun-ha) sway on top of him. He takes a girl (Kim Sol) to be seated at a restaurant, but pulls the chair away, causing her to fall. Another guy (Jeong Hyeong-don) offers his hand to help her up, but yanks her down instead.[47]
Psy sees a girl (Ga-In) who is working out in a "body-hugging football outfit" with the red letter 'G'. He takes off his jacket, flings it at her and does a pull up. As he leaves, the girl follows him. They go to a tented market cafe where she abruptly pulls the seat from under him and shakes up his beer. Psy plays around with noodle dough as if it were a feather boa; while he sucks at some hand-pulled Korean noodles, she is chewing on an oden fishcake on a stick. He and the dancers do the sway again. He parties with the people at the tent. He starts saying "Wet Psy!" He sits with the two bikini-clad girls. He sings "Wet Psy!" over and over. He raises his arms to show his sweat-soaked armpits.[48] [49] [50] He and the two girls are catapulted into the swimming pool. He and the dancers sway at the pool, an indoor field, and outdoors.
The after-song footage has an outtake from the tent cafe. The girl dances around the pole of a street sign while Psy does the same with a wider traffic light pole. A girl is about to make a photocopy when Psy rushes in and photocopies his face. The copier prints the stylized promotional intertitle of the song and music video.
Release
The "Gentleman" music video was posted on YouTube on Saturday, April 13, 2013, shortly following a live premiere and performance from Psy's live concert, which was streamed online. The song was released at midnight on April 12 in each time zone.[51] People seeking access to the song early online were blocked by Psy's record company, Universal, but Time reports that others were able to access the song prematurely. When asked why he released the song a day before his "Happening" concert, he stated via Twitter "cause We Gotta Sing Along".[52]
On April 18, the video was banned by South Korea's state broadcaster, the Korean Broadcasting System (KBS), because it contains a scene of Psy "abusing public property" by kicking a traffic cone that says "no parking" (주차 금지) during the first five seconds of the video.[53] [54] On April 24, Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) passed the deliberation of the music video.[55]
Reception
Todd Gilchrist of MTV described the video to have "effectively parod(ied) a rich heel, subjecting ladies within his celebrity orbit to 'Billy Madison'-style gags like pulling chairs out from beneath them and speeding up treadmills until they fall off."[56]
Viewership
The audio-only version of the song had more than 1.2 million YouTube hits prior to its concert premiere, which was seen online by 160,000. The music video for "Gentleman" reached 18.9 million views on YouTube on the day of its release; which broke the previous single-day viewership record for music videos set by Justin Bieber's "Beauty and a Beat" at 10.6 million views.[57] [58] On April 22, Kevin Allocca of YouTube reported that the video "set the record for the most views ever in a single day with the over 38 million 'Gentleman' achieved on April 14", which beat the previous single-day record of 31 million views set by "KONY 2012"—a documentary about a Ugandan warlord made by the charity group Invisible Children.[59] [60] This was certified as a Guinness World Record.[61] [62] This record was later beaten by Taylor Swift with her 2017 single "Look What You Made Me Do" which accumulated 43.2 million views in 24 hours.
Gentleman reached 100 million views on April 17, just four days after its release.[63] It became the fastest music video to reach 100 million, beating "Bad Romance" by Lady Gaga, and tied with the Russian Meteor video for the fastest overall video to reach 100 million.[64] [65] It became the fastest video to reach 200 million views.[66] It reached 300 million views in 613 hours (25.5 days),[67] and 400 million views in 55 days. It reached 500 million views on July 31, 110 days after its release. All these records were later surpassed by Taylor Swift's "Look What You Made Me Do". As of April 2020, it has received over 1.3 billion views.
Live performances
On May 3, 2013, Psy made a return appearance on The Today Show on NBC in New York City, where he performed "Gentleman", and talked with the anchors about the dance.[68] On May 16, 2013, Psy made his first guest performance of "Gentleman" at the season 12 finale of American Idol. Psy performed "Gentleman" at the Germany's Next Topmodel, Cycle 8 finale.[69] He performed the song at the final of Britain's Got Talent scheduled for June 8.[70] Psy also performed the song at the Canadian 2013 MuchMusic Video Awards on June 16.[71] He said it was the last televised performance of "Gentleman."
Accolades
"Gentleman" won 8 first place trophies on South Korean music programs, including a triple crown (or three wins) on M Countdown and Inkigayo.
Charts and certifications
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications and sales
Release history
Notes and References
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- . psy_oppa. 322315742978666496 . April 11, 2013 . 오늘밤 자정 04/12 0am 드디어 음원공개!!! I'm a mother f••••• #Gentleman!!! . April 25, 2013 .
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- Web site: Psy's 'Gangnam Style' Follow-Up Is 'Happening' In April: New single will be unveiled April 13 at worldwide YouTube concert, singer says.. April 11, 2013. March 8, 2013. MTV. Roland, Driadonna. March 4, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220304140707/http://www.mtv.com/news/1703343/psy-gangnam-style-follow-up-single/. dead.
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- Rothman. Lily. Beyond PSY: 5 Essential K-Pop Tracks. Time. April 13, 2013. But “Gentleman,” for all its global-hit potential, is just another track to spring forth from one the world's most dynamic musical genres: K-Pop.. April 12, 2013. April 16, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130416020401/http://entertainment.time.com/2013/04/12/beyond-psy-5-essential-k-pop-tracks/. live.
- Psy Debuts at No. 1 on K-Pop Chart. Benjamin. Jeff. Oak. Jessica. Billboard. April 19, 2013. April 20, 2013. As Billboard Korea estimated earlier this week, Psy races up to K-Pop Hot 100 this week with a smashing No. 1 debut for "Gentleman," the follow-up to "Gangnam Style" that had at one point tied the record for longest No. 1.. April 20, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130420074251/http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/k-town/1558835/psy-debuts-at-no-1-on-k-pop-chart. live.
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- Web site: "Gentleman" follows its predecessor . Hasted . Nick . April 12, 2013 . . August 18, 2016 . August 28, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160828193931/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/reviews/first-listen-gentlemen-by-psy-8570427.html . live .
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- Web site: Rudimental rack up second Number 1 in less than a year. https://web.archive.org/web/20130426051631/http://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/rudimental-rack-up-second-number-1-in-less-than-a-year-2174/. dead. April 26, 2013. Lauren. Kreisler. The Official Charts Company. April 21, 2013. April 21, 2013.
- Web site: Passenger Spends Four Weeks on Top of ARIA Chart. Gavin. Ryan. Noise11. April 21, 2013. April 22, 2013. April 29, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130429232553/http://www.noise11.com/news/passenger-spends-four-weeks-on-top-of-aria-chart-20130421. live.
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- P!nk Powers to No. 1 on Hot 100 With 'Just Give Me A Reason' . Billboard . April 17, 2013 . Trust . Gary . April 17, 2013 . October 16, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131016031243/http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/1558437/pink-powers-to-no-1-on-hot-100-with-just-give-me-a-reason . live .
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- Chart Moves: Psy Tumbles On Hot 100; Sara Bareilles Previews New Album; George Jones Back On Hot Country Songs . Billboard . May 3, 2013 . May 10, 2013 . June 6, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130606094034/http://www.billboard.com/biz/articles/news/chart-alert/1560634/chart-moves-psy-tumbles-on-hot-100-sara-bareilles-previews-new . live .
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- News: Jin-hai . Park . Psy showcases Korean fashion: 10 Corso Como Seoul offers fashion and culture in new Gangnam style . May 7, 2013 . . May 8, 2013 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20131224105612/https://koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/culture/2013/05/135_135280.html . December 24, 2013 . mdy .
- Web site: Psy's 'Gentleman' reaches 100 million views in 4 days. Hicap. Jonathan M.. April 17, 2013. Manila Bulletin Publishing Corporation. April 18, 2013. April 20, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130420001453/http://www.mb.com.ph/article.php?aid=7987&sid=4&subid=26#.UXCAl3Bki0s. live.
- Web site: 'Infinite Challenge' members to appear in Psy's new music video . April 7, 2013 . July 6, 2013 . December 24, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131224111226/http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/culture/2013/04/386_133491.html . live .
- Web site: Psy "Gentleman": Can "Gangnam Style" Star Be More Than a One-Hit Wonder in the US?. Blogher.com. April 15, 2013. December 25, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131225173531/http://www.blogher.com/psy-gentleman-can-gangnam-style-star-be-more-one-hit-wonder-us. December 25, 2013. dead.
- The "arrogant dance" involves folding the arms and swaying the hips. In the "Gentleman" version, Psy holds his hand to his chin.
- Web site: http://enews24.interest.me/news/article.asp?nsID=148794. ko:싸이 '젠틀맨' 시건방춤, 배후엔 '지드래곤'이 있었다. 고홍주. enews24. CJ E&M. April 19, 2013. April 20, 2013. ko. May 10, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130510190603/http://enews24.interest.me/news/article.asp?nsID=148794. live.
- News: Why 'Gentleman' Could Be Psy's Next Video to Break a Billion Views. Yang. Jeff. Speakeasy. April 17, 2013. April 18, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130418080333/http://blogs.wsj.com/speakeasy/2013/04/16/why-gentleman-could-be-psys-next-video-to-break-a-billion-views/. live.
- Web site: http://news.donga.com/Main/3/all/20130416/54475698/1. ko:싸이 연타석 홈런 비결…"세계인이 즐길 놀이문화". The Dong-a Ilbo. April 16, 2013. April 20, 2013. ko. dead. https://archive.today/20130616071356/http://news.donga.com/Main/3/all/20130416/54475698/1. June 16, 2013. mdy-all.
- Psy 'Gentleman' Music Video: Watch the Follow-Up Visual to 'Gangnam Style'. April 13, 2013. April 13, 2013. Billboard. Benjamin. Jeff. April 15, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130415164222/http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/k-town/1557385/psy-gentleman-music-video-watch-the-follow-up-visual-to-gangnam. live.
- Web site: April 17, 2013. Is Psy's "Gentleman" Video Just a Giant Commercial?. Kotaku.com. April 19, 2013. April 20, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130420011733/http://kotaku.com/is-psys-gentleman-video-just-a-giant-commercial-474673280. live.
- Web site: Psy, a farty follow-up and sixty million hits. Evening Standard. London. April 15, 2013. Butter. Susannah. April 5, 2018. July 3, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150703184908/http://www.standard.co.uk/news/uk/psy-a-farty-followup-and-sixty-million-hits-8573969.html. live.
- Todd Gilchrist of MTV calls the farting prank a "stink-palm", while Susannah Butter of Evening Standard (London) calls it a "cupcake".
- In the original storyline, the girl chases after Psy, who has left the restaurant without paying.
- The clip where Psy raises his arms with sweat-soaked armpits is from the Korean show Infinite Challenge.
- Web site: MBCEntertainment . Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation . YouTube . Pay Gentleman – Wet Psy! (Wet Psy's meaning and history) . . April 16, 2013 . April 25, 2013 . April 21, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130421090949/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3exokgumQM8&gl=US&hl=en . live .
- Web site: Psy's Sweaty Armpit Incident On "Radio Star" 'I Wanted People to Notice…' . KpopStarz . July 26, 2012 . April 25, 2013 . May 6, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130506032251/http://www.kpopstarz.com/articles/11426/20120726/psy-explains-his-sweaty-armpit-incident-was-in-conflict.htm . live .
- . psy_oppa. 322315384139161600 . April 11, 2013 . Releasing on 04/12 at your own 0am!! I'm a mother father #Gentleman!!! . April 25, 2013 .
- . psy_oppa. 322322122355662848 . April 11, 2013 . cause We Gotta Sing Along . April 25, 2013 .
- News: SKorean broadcaster bans Psy's 'Gentleman' video. Associated Press. April 18, 2013. May 5, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130505115054/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/skorean-broadcaster-bans-psys-gentleman-video. live.
- Web site: Psy's new track 'Gentleman' banned in South Korea | News . Nme.Com . April 19, 2013 . June 28, 2013 . July 10, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130710005212/http://www.nme.com/news/psy/69837 . live .
- News: KBS 방송부적격판정 싸이 '젠틀맨' 뮤비, MBC SBS 심의통과. April 24, 2013. Newsen. November 3, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131103201437/http://www.newsen.com/news_view.php?uid=201304241750530410. live.
- News: Gilchrist. Todd. Psy Is No 'Gentleman' In New Music Video. April 14, 2013. MTV. April 13, 2013. April 14, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130414013224/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1705603/psy-gentleman-music-video.jhtml. dead.
- Psy's 'Gentleman' Hits 70 Million Views in Three Days, Sets YouTube Record. Gruger. William. April 15, 2013. Billboard. April 18, 2013. April 20, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130420144214/http://www.billboard.com/biz/articles/news/digital-and-mobile/1557489/psys-gentleman-hits-70-million-views-in-three-days-sets. live.
- Web site: Psy sets new YouTube record as Gentleman cracks 20 million views in first day online. https://archive.today/20130616041758/http://arts.nationalpost.com/2013/04/16/psy-sets-new-youtube-record-as-gentleman-cracks-20-million-views-in-first-day-online/. dead. June 16, 2013. National Post. April 18, 2013.
- Web site: Allocca . Kevin . YouTube Trends: Psy's 'Gentleman' Raises the Bar . Youtube-trends.blogspot.com . April 22, 2010 . April 23, 2013 . April 25, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130425050205/http://youtube-trends.blogspot.com/2013/04/psys-gentleman-raises-bar.html . live .
- News: Psy's 'Gentleman' hits 200 mn YouTube views . Agence France-Presse . Entertainment.inquirer.net . April 13, 2013 . April 23, 2013 . April 25, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130425130415/http://entertainment.inquirer.net/90623/psys-gentleman-hits-200-mn-youtube-views . live .
- Psy's 'Gentleman' Music Video Sets Guinness World Record. April 29, 2013. April 29, 2013. Time. Ho. Erica. May 1, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130501202501/http://newsfeed.time.com/2013/04/29/psys-gentleman-music-video-sets-guinness-world-record/. live.
- Web site: Psy secures new YouTube world record with "Gentleman" – April – 2013 – Latest World Record News . Barrett . Dan . Guinness World Records . April 25, 2013 . April 30, 2013 . May 17, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130517094313/http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/news/2013/4/psy-secures-new-youtube-world-record-with-gentleman-48291 . live .
- Web site: Psy's "Gentleman" Video Surpasses 100 Million Views on YouTube. Nessif. Bruna. April 17, 2013. E! Online. April 18, 2013. March 4, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220304140710/https://www.eonline.com/news/409260/psy-s-gentleman-video-surpasses-100-million-views-on-youtube. live.
- Web site: Yoon Hyo Jung . Psy's 'Gentleman' music video surpasses 200 million views . Korea Star Daily . Yahoo! OMG! Philippines . April 20, 2013 . April 25, 2013 . December 24, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131224120238/http://ph.omg.yahoo.com/news/psy-s-gentleman-music-video-surpasses-200-million-023800727.html . live.
- Web site: Psy's Gentleman Ties Record for Fastest Video to Top 100 Million Views. Visible Measures. April 18, 2013. dead. https://archive.today/20130616041518/http://corp.visiblemeasures.com/news-and-events/blog/bid/97346/PSY-s-Gentleman-Ties-Record-for-Fastest-Video-to-Top-100-Million-Views. June 16, 2013. mdy-all.
- Web site: Psy's 'Gentleman' hits 200 mn YouTube views | Inquirer Entertainment . Entertainment.inquirer.net . April 13, 2013 . April 25, 2013 . April 25, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130425130415/http://entertainment.inquirer.net/90623/psys-gentleman-hits-200-mn-youtube-views . live .
- Web site: Psy 'Gentleman' Reaches 300 Million, 'YouTube All-Time Rank 26' . Kpopstarz.com . May 9, 2013 . May 22, 2013 . June 9, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130609004628/http://www.kpopstarz.com/articles/27224/20130509/psy-gentleman-reaches-300-million-youtube-all-time-rank-26.htm . live .
- Web site: Dawn . Randee . Psy gives Today anchors dance fever with return to plaza . TODAY.com . NBCUniversal . May 3, 2013 . May 3, 2013 . May 9, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130509221531/http://www.today.com/toyotaconcertseries/psy-gives-today-anchors-dance-fever-return-plaza-6C9761379 . live .
- Web site: Psy – Gentleman @ GNTM 2013 Finale . YouTube . June 2, 2013 . June 7, 2013 . June 5, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130605085325/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O9Q8r5n_vTI . live .
- Web site: Duff . Seamus . Psy to perform with ex-BGT champ Pudsey this weekend? | Metro News . Metro.co.uk . May 27, 2013 . June 7, 2013 . June 7, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130607161400/http://metro.co.uk/2013/05/27/psy-to-perform-with-former-bgt-champ-this-weekend-3809877/ . live .
- MuchMusic Video Awards: Drake Surprises and Wins Big, Psy Retires 'Gentleman' . Billboard . June 18, 2013 . June 20, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130620133231/http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/1567107/muchmusic-video-awards-drake-surprises-and-wins-big-psy-retires-gentleman . live .
- Web site: 싸이, 방송 불참에도 '젠틀맨'으로 '엠카' 1위. Psy wins first place on 'M Countdown' with 'Gentleman' even with absence . 2020-12-29. Naver. ko. 2020-12-29. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229154626/https://n.news.naver.com/entertain/article/117/0002327108. live.
- Web site: 싸이, '엠카' 트리플크라운 영광..역시 대세는 '젠틀맨'. Psy, 'M Countdown' triple crown glory.. Also, the trend is 'Gentleman' . 2020-12-29. Naver. ko. 2020-12-29. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229154621/https://n.news.naver.com/entertain/article/109/0002525329. live.
- Web site: Pyo . Jae-min . 싸이 콘서트, 방송만 했다하면 시청률 대박 '역시!' . If you just did a Psy concert or broadcast, the audience rating would still be huge! . OSEN . ko . 27 April 2013 . May 6, 2021 . May 7, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210507121616/http://osen.mt.co.kr/article/G1109583836 . live .
- Web site: 샤이니 민호, 싸이 '젠틀맨' 1위에 시건방춤 작렬 . SHINee Minho, Psy's 'Gentleman' ranks 1st in a blast dance . TV Report . ko . 27 April 2013 . May 6, 2021 . May 6, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210506224041/https://www.tvreport.co.kr/339262 . live .
- Web site: https://programs.sbs.co.kr/enter/gayo/board/54771?cmd=view&page=27&board_no=416875. ko:<4월 셋째 주 인기가요 차트>. Inkigayo chart for the 3rd week of April. April 22, 2013. Seoul Broadcasting System. ko. live. https://archive.today/20210410191631/https://programs.sbs.co.kr/enter/gayo/board/54771?cmd=view&page=27&board_no=416875. April 10, 2021. February 23, 2021.
- Web site: https://programs.sbs.co.kr/enter/gayo/board/54771?cmd=view&page=27&board_no=416876. ko:<4월 넷째 주 인기가요 차트>. Inkigayo chart for the 4th week of April. April 29, 2013. Seoul Broadcasting System. ko. live. https://archive.today/20210410191748/https://programs.sbs.co.kr/enter/gayo/board/54771?cmd=view&page=27&board_no=416876. April 10, 2021. February 23, 2021.
- Web site: https://programs.sbs.co.kr/enter/gayo/board/54771?cmd=view&page=27&board_no=416877. ko:<5월 첫째 주 인기가요 차트>. Inkigayo chart for the 1st week of May. May 6, 2013. Seoul Broadcasting System. ko. live. https://archive.today/20210410191900/https://programs.sbs.co.kr/enter/gayo/board/54771?cmd=view&page=27&board_no=416877. April 10, 2021. February 23, 2021.
- Web site: Track Top 40 — Uge 16, 2013 . . . April 26, 2013 . December 24, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131224091643/http://www.hitlisterne.dk/default.asp?w=16&y=2013&list=t40 . live .
- Web site: Suomen virallinen lista – Singlet 18/2013. fi. IFPI Finland. May 3, 2013. May 8, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130508044638/http://www.ifpi.fi/tilastot/virallinen-lista/singlet/2013/18. live.
- Web site: Classement singles fusionnés – Semaine du 15/04/2013 au 21/04/2013 . fr . . April 26, 2013 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20131224083847/http://www.snepmusique.com/fr/page-256084.xml?cid=528537 . December 24, 2013 . mdy-all .
- Web site: Netlistinn viku 16, 2013 . D3 Miðlar ehf. . April 24, 2013 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20130719153007/http://www.tonlist.is/Music/Chartlist/542/ . July 19, 2013 . mdy-all .
- Web site: Top Digital Download – Classifica settimanale dal 15/04/2013 al 21/04/2013 . it . . April 27, 2013 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20131224113857/http://www.fimi.it/classifiche_result_digital.php?anno=2013&mese=04&id=408 . December 24, 2013 . mdy-all .
- Web site: Japan Billboard Hot 100 . Billboard Japan . ja . April 24, 2013 . April 24, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130502095616/http://www.billboard-japan.com/charts/detail/?a=hot100 . May 2, 2013 . dead . mdy .
- Luxembourg Digital Songs – May 4, 2013. Billboard. April 25, 2013. April 10, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150410064134/http://www.billboard.com/biz/charts/2013-05-04/luxembourg-digital-songs. live.
- Web site: Top 20 Ingles Del 13 Al 19 de Mayo del 2013. Monitor Latino. RadioNotas. es. May 26, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131224105823/http://www.monitorlatino.com.mx//Charts/Ingles51320135192013.html. December 24, 2013. dead. mdy-all.
- Web site: Topp 20 Single uke 18, 2013 . . no . May 3, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131104221757/http://lista.vg.no/liste/topp-20-single/1/dato/2013/uke/18 . November 4, 2013 . dead . mdy-all .
- Portugal Digital Songs – Peak. Billboard. May 19, 2013. March 19, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150319124403/http://www.billboard.com/biz/charts/2013-05-04/portugal. live.
- http://www.billboard.com/charts/2013-04-27/k-pop-hot-100 Korea K-Pop Hot 100: April 27, 2013
- Web site: Veckolista Singlar – Vecka 20, 17 maj 2013 . sv . . May 17, 2013 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20130925161116/http://www.hitlistan.se/netdata/ghl002.mbr/lista?liid=41&dfom=0000000&newi=0&height=392&platform . September 25, 2013 . mdy .
- Chart Highlights: Stone Temple Pilots Make Return Flight To Rock Radio . Billboard . June 7, 2013 . May 18, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210518223741/https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/1564956/chart-highlights-stone-temple-pilots-make-return-flight-to-rock . live .
- Web site: Pop/Rock General . . R.R. Digital C.A. . es . https://web.archive.org/web/20140130220903/http://www.recordreport.com.ve/publico/?i=poprock . May 4, 2013 . January 30, 2014 . dead . mdy .
- Web site: Jahreshitparade Singles 2013. austriancharts.at. January 3, 2020. February 24, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200224042145/https://austriancharts.at/year.asp?cat=s&id=2013. live.
- Web site: Jaaroverzichten 2013. Ultratop. October 10, 2019. June 22, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150622131502/http://www.ultratop.be/nl/annual.asp?year=2013. live.
- Web site: Rapports Annuels 2013. Ultratop. October 10, 2019. June 8, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140608120754/http://www.ultratop.be/fr/annual.asp?year=2013. live.
- Web site: Top de l'année Top Singles 2013. SNEP. fr. July 18, 2021. September 22, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200922090053/https://snepmusique.com/les-tops/le-top-de-lannee/top-singles-annee/?categorie=Top%20Single%20de%20l%E2%80%99ann%C3%A9e&annee=2013. live.
- Web site: Top 100 Singles Jahrescharts 2013 . de . . January 12, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140120000533/http://www.viva.tv/musikvideo/1756-top-100-single-jahrescharts-2013/playlist . January 20, 2014 . dead .
- Web site: Classifiche Annuali 2013 Top of the Music by GfK . FIMI . it . January 9, 2014 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20140111064931/http://www.fimi.it/4111 . January 11, 2014 .
- Web site: Jaarlijsten 2013. nl. Dutch Top 40. May 11, 2022.
- Web site: Årslista Singlar – År 2013. Sverigetopplistan. sv. October 10, 2019. February 24, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200224042304/https://www.sverigetopplistan.se/chart/43?dspy=2013&dspp=1. live.
- Web site: Schweizer Jahreshitparade 2013 – hitparade.ch. Hung Medien. October 10, 2019. August 13, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140813225430/http://hitparade.ch/charts/jahreshitparade/2013. live.
- Hot Dance/Electronic Songs – Year-End 2013. Billboard. August 19, 2019. March 26, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190326060603/https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2013/hot-dance-electronic--songs. live.
- Sources for "Gentleman" single release worldwide:
- Australia: Web site: Gentleman – Single by PSY. January 2013. iTunes Store (Australia). Apple. April 12, 2013. March 3, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160303172207/https://itunes.apple.com/au/album/gentleman-single/id634531431. live.
- Austria: Web site: Gentleman – Single von PSY. January 2013. de. iTunes Store (Austria). Apple. April 12, 2013. April 19, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140419190445/https://itunes.apple.com/at/album/gentleman-single/id634531431. live.
- Belgium: Web site: Gentleman – Single by PSY. January 2013. iTunes Store (Belgium). Apple. April 12, 2013. April 19, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140419184606/https://itunes.apple.com/be/album/gentleman-single/id634531431. live.
- Canada: Web site: Gentleman – Single by PSY. iTunes Store (Canada). Apple. April 12, 2013. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20140419190334/https://itunes.apple.com/ca/album/gentleman-single/id634531431. April 19, 2014. mdy-all.
- Denmark: Web site: Gentleman – Single by PSY. January 2013. iTunes Store (Denmark). Apple. April 12, 2013. March 3, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160303194130/https://itunes.apple.com/dk/album/gentleman-single/id634531431. live.
- Finland: Web site: Gentleman – Single by PSY. January 2013. iTunes Store (Finland). Apple. April 12, 2013. April 19, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140419184608/https://itunes.apple.com/fi/album/gentleman-single/id634531431. live.
- France: Web site: Gentleman – Single par PSY. January 2013. fr. iTunes Store (France). Apple. April 12, 2013. April 19, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140419190655/https://itunes.apple.com/fr/album/gentleman-single/id634531431. live.
- Germany: Web site: Gentleman – Single von PSY. January 2013. de. iTunes Store (Germany). Apple. April 12, 2013. April 22, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130422002525/https://itunes.apple.com/de/album/gentleman-single/id634531431. live.
- Ireland: Web site: Gentleman – Single by PSY. iTunes Store (Ireland). Apple. April 12, 2013.
- Italy: Web site: Gentleman – Single di PSY. January 2013. it. iTunes Store (Italy). Apple. April 12, 2013. April 19, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140419184458/https://itunes.apple.com/it/album/gentleman-single/id634531431. live.
- Mexico: Web site: Gentleman – Single de PSY. es. iTunes Store (Mexico). Apple. April 12, 2013. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20140419184450/https://itunes.apple.com/mx/album/gentleman-single/id634531431. April 19, 2014. mdy-all.
- Netherlands: Web site: Gentleman – Single van PSY. January 2013. nl. iTunes Store (Netherlands). Apple. April 12, 2013. April 19, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140419190237/https://itunes.apple.com/nl/album/gentleman-single/id634531431. live.
- New Zealand: Web site: Gentleman – Single by PSY. January 2013. iTunes Store (New Zealand). Apple. April 12, 2013. April 19, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140419184629/https://itunes.apple.com/nz/album/gentleman-single/id634531431. live.
- Norway: Web site: Gentleman – Single by PSY. January 2013. iTunes Store (Norway). Apple. April 12, 2013. April 19, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140419184431/https://itunes.apple.com/no/album/gentleman-single/id634531431. live.
- Philippines: Web site: Gentleman – Single by PSY. January 2013. iTunes Store (Philippines). Apple. May 31, 2013. April 19, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140419190322/https://itunes.apple.com/ph/album/gentleman-single/id634531431. live.
- Portugal: Web site: Gentleman – Single by PSY. January 2013. iTunes Store (Portugal). Apple. April 12, 2013. April 19, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140419184533/https://itunes.apple.com/pt/album/gentleman-single/id634531431. live.
- Spain: Web site: Gentleman – Single de PSY. January 2013. es. iTunes Store (Spain). Apple. April 12, 2013. April 19, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140419190530/https://itunes.apple.com/es/album/gentleman-single/id634531431. live.
- Sweden: Web site: Gentleman – Single av PSY. January 2013. sv. iTunes Store (Sweden). Apple. April 12, 2013. April 19, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140419184216/https://itunes.apple.com/se/album/gentleman-single/id634531431. live.
- Switzerland: Web site: Gentleman – Single von PSY. January 2013. de. iTunes Store (Switzerland). Apple. April 12, 2013. April 19, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140419184615/https://itunes.apple.com/ch/album/gentleman-single/id634531431. live.
- United Kingdom: Web site: Gentleman – Single by PSY. iTunes Store (United Kingdom). Apple. April 12, 2013.
- United States: Web site: Gentleman – Single by PSY. iTunes Store (United States). Apple. April 12, 2013. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20140419184245/https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/gentleman-single/id634531431. April 19, 2014. mdy-all.
- Web site: Multiplatinum Global Superstar Psy Is Back with an Even "Groovier" Dance Moves!. MCA Music (Universal Music Philippines) Official Facebook Page. Facebook. May 28, 2013. May 31, 2013. March 4, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220304140711/https://www.facebook.com/login/?next=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fphoto.php%3Ffbid%3D10151615326443617%26set%3Da.147297788616.106378.107039608616%26type%3D1. live.