Genomoviridae Explained

Genomoviridae is a family of single stranded DNA viruses that mainly infect fungi. The genomes of this family are small (2.2–2.4 kilobases in length). The genomes are circular single-stranded DNA and encode rolling-circle replication initiation proteins (Rep) and unique capsid proteins. In Rep-based phylogenies, genomoviruses form a sister clade to plant viruses of the family Geminiviridae. Ten genera are recognized in this family.[1]

The family name is an acronym derived from geminivirus-like, no movement protein.

The genus name Gemycircularvirus stands for Gemini-like myco-infecting circular virus.[2] [3] The type species of the genus Gemycircularvirus — Sclerotinia gemycircularvirus 1, reference strain Sclerotinia sclerotiorum hypovirulence associated DNA virus 1 (ssHADV-1), — was the first cultivated member of the family.[4] Most other genomoviruses are uncultivated and have been discovered using metagenomics techniques, although more genomoviruses are being isolated as interest grows.[5] [6]

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Taxonomy

The genera in this family are:[7]

Virology

These viruses have circular single-stranded genomes of 2.1–2.2 kilobases in length. All but one genomovirids contain monopartite genomes, whereas the genome of Fusarium graminearum gemytripvirus 1 (genus Gemytripvirus) consists of three segments.[8] The monopartite genomes encode two proteins—a Rep (replicator) and a CP (capsid) protein. The Rep protein is most closely similar to the Rep protein of the Geminiviridae. In contrast, the CP protein has no known homologues.

Notes and References

  1. Varsani A, Krupovic M . Family Genomoviridae: 2021 taxonomy update . Archives of Virology . 166 . 10 . 2911–2926 . October 2021 . 34331585 . 10.1007/s00705-021-05183-y . free .
  2. Rosario K, Dayaram A, Marinov M, Ware J, Kraberger S, Stainton D, Breitbart M, Varsani A . 6 . Diverse circular ssDNA viruses discovered in dragonflies (Odonata: Epiprocta) . The Journal of General Virology . 93 . Pt 12 . 2668–2681 . December 2012 . 22915694 . 10.1099/vir.0.045948-0 . free . Mya Breitbart .
  3. Yu X, Li B, Fu Y, Jiang D, Ghabrial SA, Li G, Peng Y, Xie J, Cheng J, Huang J, Yi X . 6 . A geminivirus-related DNA mycovirus that confers hypovirulence to a plant pathogenic fungus . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 107 . 18 . 8387–8392 . May 2010 . 20404139 . 2889581 . 10.1073/pnas.0913535107 . free . 2010PNAS..107.8387Y .
  4. Krupovic M, Ghabrial SA, Jiang D, Varsani A . Genomoviridae: a new family of widespread single-stranded DNA viruses . Archives of Virology . 161 . 9 . 2633–2643 . September 2016 . 27343045 . 10.1007/s00705-016-2943-3 . free .
  5. Varsani A, Krupovic M . Sequence-based taxonomic framework for the classification of uncultured single-stranded DNA viruses of the family Genomoviridae . Virus Evolution . 3 . 1 . vew037 . January 2017 . 28458911 . 5399927 . 10.1093/ve/vew037 .
  6. Feng C, Feng J, Wang Z, Pedersen C, Wang X, Saleem H, Domier L, Marzano SL . 6 . Identification of the Viral Determinant of Hypovirulence and Host Range in Sclerotiniaceae of a Genomovirus Reconstructed from the Plant Metagenome . Journal of Virology . 95 . 17 . e0026421 . August 2021 . 34132570 . 8354332 . 10.1128/jvi.00264-21 .
  7. Web site: Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release . International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) . March 2021 . 13 May 2021.
  8. Li P, Wang S, Zhang L, Qiu D, Zhou X, Guo L . A tripartite ssDNA mycovirus from a plant pathogenic fungus is infectious as cloned DNA and purified virions . Science Advances . 6 . 14 . eaay9634 . April 2020 . 32284975 . 7138691 . 10.1126/sciadv.aay9634 . 215746433 . 2020SciA....6.9634L .

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