Genlis, Côte-d'Or explained

Genlis
Commune Status:Commune
Image Coat Of Arms:Blason de la ville de Genlis (21).svg
Arrondissement:Dijon
Canton:Genlis
Insee:21292
Postal Code:21110
Mayor:Martial Mathiron[1]
Term:2020 - 2026
Intercommunality:Plaine Dijonnaise
Coordinates:47.2417°N 5.2239°W
Elevation Min M:193
Elevation Max M:205
Area Km2:12.08
Website:www.mairie-genlis.fr

Genlis (in French pronounced as /ʒɑ̃.lis/) is a French commune in the Côte-d'Or department. The 20th-century archaeologist Jean Charbonneaux (1895–1969) was born in Genlis.

Geography

The city of Genlis is located in the Côte-d'Or department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region and belongs to the Dijon arrondissement and Genlis canton. Genlis is situated southeast of Dijon. The closest villages are: Varanges at, Beire-le-Fort at, Labergement-Foigney at, Longeault at, Tart-le-Bas at . All villages are in Côte-d'Or. Genlis has an elevation of . Its area is, its population density is about, and the geographical coordinate are 47.241°N 5.221°W.

The Tille and Norges rivers are the main waterways crossing Genlis. There is also the Creux-Jacques stream.

Transportation

The commune has a railway station,, on the Dijon–Vallorbe line.

History

Etymology and toponymy of Genlis

In 867, Genlis was written Gediacensis finis, a spelling which probably originates from the Gallo-Roman name Aegidius or Genelius, the ancestor of the French first name Gilles because the Greek "D" often turns into an "L" in Latin.[2]

The city of Genlis was not historically referred to by its modern name. Cartularies, including those of the Saint-Bénigne abbeys (future cathedrals), Tart, Clairvaux, and Cîteaux; chronicles, such as those of Bèze and Saint-Bénigne; and departmental archives all give details on the name's evolution over time. During Carolingian times, Genlis was called Getliacus. It was then called Gediacnesis finis in 867, Gliniacensis finis (868), Janlint (~1060), Genliacensis finis (11th century), Genlé/Genleium (1132), Genleio (1180), Janlée (1191), Jamleium (1234), Genlliacum (1235), Janli (1236), Genllé (1238), Janleium (1248), Genlerum (1249), Janlé (1260), Janleyum (1297), Genleyum (1285), Janley (1290), Jenlleium (1297), Jamley (1360), Jamleyum (14th century), Janly (1498), Janlis (1637), Jenlis (1666), Janlys (1679), Jeanlis (1685), Jeanly (1728), and Genlis/Janly in 1783. The name Genlis seems to have disappeared by the end of the 18th century.[3]

First written account

The first written account that mentions Genlis dates back to approximately 866. It is referred to as Finis Genliacensis (area of Genlis) in the chronicles of Saint Bénigne during a "malle" or "placite" held in Lux. A placite was a public political assembly gathering the main civil servants, such as bishops, counts, and abbots, who were the King's advisors. These events were held in May or October.[4]

The second oldest reference to Genlis was made around 1060. Berno, from Genlis, gives Saint-Pierre de Bèze a property he owns in the Coriant village (which has since disappeared), keeping incomes for him all his life. He was a farm owner (Latin: villicus Janlint Villae), not a lord, as emphasized in the Latin deed:

Latin: Notum sit omnibus praesentibus et futuris, quod '''Berno villicus Janlint Villae''', quoddam alodum juris sui, quod jacet in villa Coriaut dicta, ea condicione dedit S. Petro, et propria manu super altare misit, ut ipsius alodi usuarium fructum retineret tempore vitae suae : post discessum vero vitae ad locum sancti Petri rediret cum omni integritate. Hujus donationis, quam viva voce fecit, vivos testes adhibuit; quorum nomina haec sunt : Odilo Praepositus, Rodulfus, Dado, Aldo, Ewardu. English: <small>Let it be known to all, present and future, that Berno the steward of Villa Janlint, a certain successor of his own right, which lies in the village called Coriaut, gave this on condition to St. Peter, and put it in his own hand upon the altar, so that the user of Alodi might retain the fruit during the time of his life. but after departing from life, he returned to the place of St. Peter with all integrity. He gave living witnesses to this donation, which he made orally; whose names are these: Odilus the Provost, Rodulf, Dado, Aldo, Eward.</small>[5]

Roman and Gallo-Roman eras

The Genlis site has been occupied since the time of the Romans. A hidden post that would be the starting point of a Roman road, also called Chemin des Romains or Brunehau roads, proves the Romans had a military presence in the area.[6] In 1973, a Gallo-Roman villa was found by aerial search.

"Inside of the Gallo-Roman castrum, recognized thanks to its angle towers and its double surrounding walls, there were traces of scattered buildings, most of them having only a single room, appearing disorderly lines that date to modern times. Could these buildings be rural settlements close to the fortress?"[7]
The Chemin des Romains linked Genlis to Arceau. On this part of the road, several archaeological discoveries were made, such as at Izier, Cessey-sur-Tille, Bressey-sur-Tille and Arc-sur-Tille.[8] Arc-sur-Tille was the intersection of the Roman road coming from Genlis and the road leading from Besançon-Alise-Sainte-Reine to Alise. A bronze statuette of the high-empire and two statuettes of Mercury were found during excavations. Bressey-sur-Tille was located on the road to Arcelot to the north and Genlis to the south.[9] Finally, the Chemin des Romains linked the nearby Arceau village to Dijon and Mirebeau.[10]

Archaeological digs of the areas "le Johannot" and "la Voie Romaine" (located between Genlis and Izier) revealed artifacts dating from the Final Tène.[11] The Gallo-Roman period is represented by remains of a cremation necropolis (1 AD) located on "le Johannot". Several vases and pieces of Gaulish currency were found at the edge of "la Voie romaine". Gaulish ceramic and amphora shards from 1 AD were discovered in a ditch between the sites, and the remains of a Merovingian village were also found nearby.[12]

Merovingian Genlis

In the early 1990s, the planning works of Highway A39 Dijon-Dole unearthed the ruins of a Merovingian village in "le Johannot" and "la Borde". These digs revealed the existence of twenty-nine wooden semi-buried rectangular buildings called "bottoms of huts". Their sizes vary from 1.80 to 3.30 meters (5.9 to 10.8 feet) in length, 1.70 to 3.60 meters (5.5 to 11.8 feet) in width and areas approximately . They served a variety of purposes, including "storehouses, storages, shelters for small animals" and "handmade workshops (weaving, metalworking, bronze or bones works)".[13]

Other kinds of buildings were identified as houses by the remains of several pole holes. These homes differed in shapes and dimensions. Additional small structures are thought to be granaries on stakes, silos that "showed samples of rye, wheat seeds, elderberries, pear tree, millet, cabbage, [and] black nightshade but also wild plants, reflecting pictures of cultivated and meadow (fodder crops) surfaces". These Genlisians from the seventh century were growers and farmers, confirmed by barns of cows, pigs, goats, poultry and horses. The last structures visible are ditches, fences and pathways.

Three graves were found during the digs. The first contained the skeleton of a "young male adult measuring approximately 1.66 meters (5.4 feet). [...] The second individual was buried in the same position, about 30 to 40 meters (98 to 131 feet) from the first one. He was an old adult [...]. Several degenerative wounds of a kind of arthrosis was observed, mostly in the vertebras. [...] The subject was wearing a plated iron buckle which seems to be dating from the early seventh century. A third person was pulled out [...]. He was a young male teenager [...] and was wearing a bronze buckle from the sixth century."

"Within the excavated items, we could have found ceramic shards of tumblers, bowls, cooking pots, jugs and vases. Metallic furnitures included nails, a small bell, a twisted poker, knives, etc."

Lords of Genlis

From the 11th century until the French Revolution, the lordship was possessed by several families and was transmitted either by inheritance, dowry or sale. The first family that owned it was the eponymous family of Janly. The medieval lords of Genlis belonged to noble families. The men earned epithets of honor of 'knight', 'squire', 'noble man', 'messire' and 'noble lord' and their wives were described as 'damsels'.[14] The various lords of Janly owned the lands of Genlis (formerly Janly), Saulon-la-Chapelle, Verchisy (a hamlet in Beurizot), Marcilly-les-Nonnains, Magny-la-Ville near Semur-en-Auxois, Montilles and Dracy-les-Vitteaux in allod.[15]

House of Janly

The House of Janly was described as the 'old house of Burgundy'.[16] The name of the lords appears in texts from the 12th century and perpetuated until the 17th century. The Janly allied themselves with the Burgundian nobility resulting from the sword and the robe: Estrabonne, Vaux (now part of Auxerre), Mâlain, Colombier, La Marche, Fyot, Le Fèvre, Mazille, Charrecey, Daubenton, Sennevoy, Balay and Thienes. The Janly entered the Estates of Burgundy in 1355, shortly after their creation. This house is a younger branch of the house of Mailly-Fauverney, itself descended from the former counts of Dijon. The descendancy starts from a lord named Gui, probable brother of Etienne II, lord of Fauverney.[17] The House of Janly included:

House of Mailly

The origins of the family of Mailly back to the 10th century. Theodoric, Count of Mâcon and Autun, chamberlain of France under Louis the Stammerer, had two sons, Manasseh I and Aimar, Count of Dijon.[25] Aimar, stem of the Mailly of Burgundy, lived in 901, during the time of Charles-le-Simple.

The historical origins of this family go back to Humbert de Mailly, Count of Dijon, husband of Anne de Sombernon.[26] They had several sons including Wédéric (or Frédéric), the 'stem' of Mailly de Picardie;[27] Humbert II de Mailly and Garnier de Mailly, abbot of Saint-Étienne de Dijon, friend of Saint Odilon, died in 1050 or 1051.

The Maillys, more precisely the branch of the Lords of Fauverney, probably gave birth to the first feudal house of the Lords of Janly. Indeed, among all the lands of Humbert de Mailly, there were several groups of lands including the two important seigneuries of Mailly and Longeault. Humbert owned or had rights to other seigneuries including Magny-sur-Tille, Cessey, Varanges, Arc-sur-Tille, Arceau, Quetigny, Chevigny-Saint-Sauveur and Bressey-sur-Tille. The seven sons of Humbert all took the name of the land they received from their father. The seigneury of Janly passed to the Maillys, probably by inheritance.

House of Montmorot

The Maison de Montmorot originates from a village near Lons-le-Saunier in the county of Burgundy. Before the spelling of its name stabilized, it was written as Montmorey, Montmoret or Montmorot.

House of Tenarre

The house of Janly is succeeded by the house of Tenarre in the territory of Genlis. This house originates from Bresse Chalonnaise. The first known lord was Huguenin de Tenarre, knight. He lived in 1272. Although old, this house belongs to the middle nobility, but it will be illustrated by prestigious endogamous alliances in the houses of Salins, Choiseul, Saulx, Neufchâtel and Bauffremont. The barons of Tenarre owned large portions of the seigneury of Janly, including the fortified house, for almost two centuries from 1386 to 1565.

House of Faulquier

On November 15, 1565, a division was made between Claude Faulquier, knight, lord of Marigny (probably Marigna in the Jura), husband of Catherine de Tenarre, and Humbert de Tenarre, knight, lord of Montmain, of the property of the estate of Claude de Tenarre, knight, their father, lord of Montmain and Janly, with the agreement of Françoise de Bauffremont, lady of Missery, Jean and Charles de Malain, brothers, knights, lord of Montigny and Missery and first cousins of Humbert de Tenarre, lord of Montmain. The latter receives the land and barony of Montmain, the castle, the right of watch and guard and its dependencies which are the seigneuries of Grosbois, Champandrey, the meadow at Verrey or Vitrey in the seigneury of Pouilly, Trogny in part, Montaigny in part, the toll of Glainon, Jarlan and Gallon with in all justice, fief and mortmain. The barony had always been held openly without, however, guaranteeing this quality. Catherine de Tenarre received the land and seigneury of Janly, with the castle, the right of watch and custody, Uchey, the vines of Gevrey, the banal river, and all justice. The seigneury of Janly is estimated to be worth more than that of Montmain. Claude and Catherine separate from the seigneury in 1566, in favor of Jean de Bousseval. This sale breaks for the first time an uninterrupted family transmission for at least 400 years.

House of Bousseval

House of Blé

The Blé (or Bled) house, one of the oldest in Burgundy, originates from Chalonnais. The du Blé dates back to Geoffroy du Blé, a knight who lived in 1235, lord of Cormatin and Massilly.

House of Nagu

From the 14th century, it held a distinguished rank among the nobility of the province. Its name seems to come from the castle of Nagu near the village of Ouroux, located in the current Rhône department. The first of the Nagu who appears in history is called Jean, he lived till 1350 and was the lord of Magny and Fragny, as well as bailiff of the nobility of Beaujolais.

House of Valon

The authentic filiation goes back to the brothers Henri, Odon and Jean Walon, squires at Boux-sous-Salmaise, in 1394. The Valons have been associated with Genlis since at least on June 13, 1567 when Nicolas Valon, Lord of Barain, buys from Marie de Machecot a quarter by undivided number of several inheritances in cens located at Janly. In 1576 the same Nicolas bought the other three quarters, half of which was undivided from several inheritances and cens owned by Guillemette de Senevoy, widow of Philibert de Janly, Lord of Montilles, from Janly. He acquired the rest of Laurent de Janly, Lord of Dracy-les-Vitteaux.

House of Fyot

The Fyot house has been known since the 14th century. century. Originally from Châtillon-sur-Seine, Guillaume Fyot, who lived in 1382, married Odette de Janly, descendant of the lords of Janly by the Montmorots and the Girart de Janly, as we mentioned above. Notable, the Fyots occupy an advantageous social position which will lead them to the highest parliamentary offices and the Burgundian magistracy and they will ally themselves with the greatest names of the nobility of dress and sword of the province. The descendants of Guillaume Fyot form two branches: that of the Fyot of La Marche and that of the Fyot of Vaugimois. It is the first branch which illustrates the name most brilliantly with five First Presidents and Presidents in Mortier in the Parliament of Burgundy who succeed one another from father to son from 1637 to 1772.

House of Janley

The first known lord of this branch is a lord named Girart. Girart de Montmorot adopted the name Janly or Janley, and his heirs would be known as Girart de Janly or Janley, and then de Janly or Janley starting from the 15th century. This branch, which became extinct in the 17th century, bore a variation of the coat of arms of the lords of Janly: azure with a silver fess accompanied by three cinquefoils of the same. The lineage of this branch is very fragmented and uncertain at times. They had properties or possessed the lordships of Janly, Chalon-sur-Saône, Mellecey, Saint-Maurice-en-Rivière, Yelley (near Chalon-sur-Saône), Montille, Verchisy, Magny-la-Ville, Dracy-les-Vitteaux, Fresnes-les-Montbard, Villiers-les-Hauts (in Auxois), and Jussy (in Auxerrois).

Feudal era

From the feudal era until the French Revolution, which would remove its benefits, the territory of Genlis was a seigneury. In the 18th century, Abbot Courtépée, in his Description générale et particulière du Duché de Bourgogne, narrates that under the Old Regime, Genlis was also a parish of the Châlon-sur-Saône diocese under the archpriest of Mailly, the patronage of Saint Martin and patronage of Saint-Vivant priory. From a feudal point of view, the Genlis seigneury was a back-fiefdom because it was part of the Mirebeau seigneury, then marquisate, where lords pledged homage to the Duke of Burgundy. Huchey was part of Genlis, and Athée and Magny close to Auxonne were attached to Genlis.[41] In the 18th century, Genlis counted 80 burners and 400 communicants, as well as Huchey. The market was held on Thursday and two fairs per year.

Feudal marks are, for instance, the fortified manor house – then castle – of Genlis, as well as many rights and privileges that lords were benefiting. Janly lords and the people that owned properties in Genlis were also benefiting rights and privileges.

Homage

The hommage[42] was demanded between the suzerain and the vassal to ensure stability and peace. So in 1340, the venerable Father Pouçard, abbot of Saint-Étienne de Dijon and owner in Genlis, got the homage of Symon, along with Raymond de Chailly and Jean Cultivier, of the Dijon church and tabellion juror, who admitted he "owned a fief by his wife name, of the aforementioned abbot the meadows he owns in an isle of the Janley area, which are linking fields of the abbot, and about these meadows as monastery fiefdom, Symon, as vassal and man of the abbot on behalf of the monastery, pledged faith and homage of the kiss that the abbot gave to him on the mouth, in accordance with the tradition, promising him loyalty. Done, the abbot asked to establish an official act that would be sealed with the Langres church seal".

Twinning

Genlis is twinned with two other European cities:

See also

References

Bibliography

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Répertoire national des élus: les maires. data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises. 13 September 2022. fr.
  2. Taverdet, Gérard. Les Noms de lieux de Bourgogne. La Côte-d'Or. Fontaine-les-Dijon: Centre Régional de Documentation Pédagogique de Dijon et l'Association Bourguignonne de Dialectologie et d'Onomastique (A.B.D.O.), 1976.
  3. Roserot, Alphonse. Dictionnaire topographique du département de la Côte-d'Or comprenant les noms de lieux anciens et modernes. Paris: Librairie Nationale, 1924. 181-82.
  4. Book: fr. Baldou, Maurice. Genlis (Côte-d'Or) : monographie du village, découvertes gallo-romaines, l'église, le château, Uchey, Jeanniot.. Dijon, Bibliothèque Municipale de Dijon.. 1958.
  5. Bougaud, E et Garnier, Joseph. Les Chroniques de l'abbaye de Saint-Bénigne de Dijon. Dijon : Darantière, 1875. 357.
  6. Liénard, Félix. Voies romaine du département de la Côte d'Or et Répertoire archéologique des Arrondissements de Dijon et de Beaune publiés par la commission des Antiquités du Département de la Côte d'Or. Dijon et Paris : Lamarche & Didron, 1872. 80
  7. David J. et Goguey René. "Les Villas gallo-romaines de la vallée de la Saône découvertes par prospection aérienne". Revue archéologique de l'Est et du Centre-Est. XXXIII. 2-3-4. (décembre 1982) : 161.
  8. [Genlis, Côte-d'Or#foi|Foisset]
  9. [Genlis, Côte-d'Or#foi|Foisset]
  10. [Genlis, Côte-d'Or#foi|Foisset]
  11. [Genlis, Côte-d'Or#cat|Catteddu]
  12. [Genlis, Côte-d'Or#cat|Catteddu]
  13. This entry is mostly based on the article L'Habitat rural mérovingien de Genlis (Côte d'Or)
  14. Book: Caron, Marie-Therese . La noblesse dans le duché de Bourgogne, 1315-1477 . Lille University Press . 1987 . 21 . French.
  15. Book: Beaune . Henri . La noblesse aux états de Bourgogne de 1350 à 1789 . Arbaumont . Jules d' . 1864 . Mégariotis Reprints . 211 . fr.
  16. Book: de Sevrey, Les Tupinier . Mémoires de la société d'histoire et d'archéologie de Chalon-sur-Sâone . 1884 . 2 . VII . 158 . fr.
  17. Book: Chaume, Maurice. Les Mailly-Fauverney Esquisse Généalogique. 446. French. Genelogical Sketch of the Mailly-Fauverney.
  18. Book: Charters of the Abbey of Saint-Étienne de Dijon from 1098 to 1140. 102.
  19. Book: Petit, Ernest. Histoire des ducs de Bourgogne de la race Capétienne. 1889. Darautier. 62. fr.
  20. Book: Ridard, A.. Chartes de l'Abbaye de Saint-Étienne de Dijon de 1230 à 1250. 1908. 35–36.
  21. Book: Courtépée, Claude. Description historique et topographique du duché de Bourgogne. 1777. 399. French. Historical and topographical description of the Duchy of Burgundy.
  22. Book: Vignier. Jacques. Décade historique du diocèse de Langres. Langres. Rallet-Bideaud. 1844. 664. French. Historical decade of the diocese of Langres.
  23. Book: Garnier, M. J.. Inventaire sommaire des archives départementales antérieures à 1790. 1903. Côte-d'Or. 308. French. Summary inventory of departmental archives prior to 1790.
  24. Web site: Felix Jean Marie Louis Ancey - 1835 births What is it. 2021-06-30. ww.en.freejournal.info. en.
  25. Book: Ledru, Ambroise (1849-1935) Auteur du texte. Histoire de la maison de Mailly. Tome 1 / par l'abbé Ambroise Ledru. 1893. 5. EN.
  26. Book: Chaume, Maurice. "Les Mailly-Fauverney, esquisse généalogique". Mémoires de la Commission des antiquités du département de la Côte d'Or. 1935. 422–424. French. "Les Mailly-Fauverney, genealogical sketch". Memoirs of the Antiquities Commission of the Department of the Côte d'Or.
  27. Web site: Family tree of WÉDERIC né de MAILLY-de-BOURGOGNE, sire de Mailly & Fauverney (21), (par alliance) de Guise (02), 1e baron de Bourgogne ; châtelain de Lille (59) ; tige des MAILLY de PICARDIE MAILLY-de-PICARDIE (de). 2021-06-04. Geneanet. en.
  28. Book: Guillaume, Jean-Baptiste (Abbé) Auteur du texte. Histoire généalogique des sires de Salins au comté de Bourgogne, avec des notes historiques et généalogiques sur l'ancienne noblesse... de cette province. Tome 1 /, par M. J.-B. Guillaume,... - Histoire de la ville de Salins, avec une dissertation sur l'indépendance de la seigneurie de ce nom, le nobiliaire de cette ville, l'histoire et la généalogie de ses vicomtes, celle de toutes les maisons qui ont porté le nom de Salins.... 1757–1758. 173. EN.
  29. Book: Richard, Jean. Les ducs de Bourgogne et la formation du Duché du XI au XIV siècle. 1954. Société Les Belles Lettres. 472. fr.
  30. Book: Martin, Jean. L'église cathédrale Saint-Vincent de Chalon-sur-Saône: pierres tombales, inscriptions et documents historiques. 1906. E. Bertrand. 8. fr.
  31. Book: Guillaume, Jean-Baptiste . Histoire généalogique des sires de Salins au comté de Bourgogne, avec des notes historiques et généalogiques sur l'ancienne noblesse de cette province. . 1757 . 32 . fr . Europeana.
  32. Book: Fyot, Claude. Histoire De L'Eglise Abbatiale Et Collegiale De Saint Estienne de Dijon. 1696. Jean Ressayre. 155. fr.
  33. Web site: Family tree of Philibert de TENARRE. 2021-06-05. Geneanet. en.
  34. Book: Inventaire sommaire des Archives départementales antérieures à 1790, Côte d'Or: Archives civiles, Série B . 1878 . Paul Dupont . 40 . fr.
  35. Web site: Généalogie Famille de Carné . 2024-05-24 . www.decarne.com.
  36. Book: Beaune . Henri . La noblesse aux états de Bourgogne de 1350 à 1789 . Arbaumont . Jules d' . 1864 . Mégariotis Reprints . 137 . fr.
  37. Book: Courcelles, Jean B. . Histoire généalogique et héraldique des pairs de France, des grands dignitaires de la couronne, des principales familles nobles du royoume, et des maisons princières de l'Europe: préc ́dé de la généalogie de la maison de France . 1824 . L'Auteur ; Bertrand . 18 . fr.
  38. Book: Annales de l'Académie de Mâcon: Société des Arts, Sciences et Agriculture de Saone-et-Loire, Troisiéme serie, Tome IX. 1904. 260. French. Annals of the Academy of Mâcon: Society of Arts, Sciences and Agriculture of Saone-et-Loire, Third series, Volume IX.
  39. Book: Annales de l'Académie de Mâcon: Société des Arts, Sciences et Agriculture de Saone-et-Loire, Troisiéme serie, Tome XII. 1907. 279. French. Annals of the Academy of Mâcon: Society of Arts, Sciences and Agriculture of Saone-et-Loire, Third series, Volume XII.
  40. Book: Expilly, Jean-Joseph. Dictionnaire géographique, historique et politique des Gaules et de la France. 1768. 1044. Desaint et Saillant . French. Geographical, historical and political dictionary of the Gauls and of France.
  41. Courtépée, Claude. Description générale et particulière du duché de Bourgogne. Vol 2. Dijon : Victor Lagier, 1847. 200.
  42. This entry is based on the essay by P. Moreau, found in Maurice Baldou's monograph. Other sources will be noted.

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