Genistoids Explained

The Genistoids are one of the major radiations in the plant family Fabaceae. Members of this phylogenetic clade are primarily found in the Southern hemisphere. Some genera are pollinated by birds. The genistoid clade is consistently resolved as monophyletic in molecular phylogenetic analyses.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] It is estimated to have arisen 56.4 ± 0.2 million years ago (in the Paleocene). A node-based definition for the genistoids is: "the MRCA of Poecilanthe parviflora and Lupinus argenteus." One morphological synapomorphy has been tentatively identified: production of quinolizidine alkaloids.[6] [7] [8] Some genera also accumulate pyrrolizidine. A new genus, to be segregated from Clathrotropis, has also been proposed to occupy an undetermined position within the genistoid clade.

Core Genistoids

The core genistoids, also known as the genistoids sensu stricto, comprise most of the tribes of the genistoids sensu lato, and are found mainly in Africa and Eurasia. This subclade is also consistently resolved as monophyletic. A node-based definition for the core genistoids is: "the MRCA of Bolusanthus speciosus and Spartium junceum."

Systematics

Modern molecular phylogenetics suggest the following relationships:

Notes and References

  1. LPWG [Legume Phylogeny Working Group] . 2013 . Legume phylogeny and classification in the 21st century: progress, prospects and lessons for other species-rich clades . . 62 . 2 . 217–248 . 10.12705/622.8. 10566/3455 .
  2. Lavin M, Herendeen PS, Wojciechowski MF . 2005 . Evolutionary rates analysis of Leguminosae implicates a rapid diversification of lineages during the tertiary . . 54 . 4 . 575–94 . 10.1080/10635150590947131 . 16085576 . 39186425 . free .
  3. McMahon MM, Sanderson MJ . 2006 . Phylogenetic supermatrix analysis of GenBank sequences from 2228 papilionoid legumes . . 99 . 12 . 1991–2013 . 10.1080/10635150600999150 . 17060202 . free .
  4. Pennington RT, Lavin M, Ireland H, Klitgaard B, Preston J, Hu JM . 2001 . Phylogenetic relationships of basal papilionoid legumes based upon sequences of the chloroplast trnL intron . . 55 . 5 . 818–836 . 10.1043/0363-6445-26.3.537 . 31 January 2024 .
  5. Doyle JJ, Doyle JL, Ballenger JA, Dickson EE, Kajita T, Ohashi H . 1997 . A phylogeny of the chloroplast gene rbcL in the Leguminosae: taxonomic correlations and insights into the evolution of nodulation . . 84 . 4 . 541–554 . 21708606 . 10.2307/2446030. 2446030 .
  6. Kinghorn AD, Hussain RA, Robbins EF, Balandrin MF, Stirton CH, Evans SV . 1988 . Alkaloid distribution in seeds of Ormosia, Pericopsis and Haplormosia . . 27 . 2 . 439–444 . 10.1016/0031-9422(88)83116-9 .
  7. Van Wyk B-E. . 2003 . The value of chemosystematics in clarifying relationships in the Genistoid tribes of papilionoid legumes . . 31 . 8 . 875–884 . 10.1016/S0305-1978(03)00083-8 . 2003BioSE..31..875V .
  8. Wink M, Mohamed GI . 2003 . Evolution of chemical defense traits in the Leguminosae: mapping of distribution patterns of secondary metabolites on a molecular phylogeny inferred from nucleotide sequences of the rbcL gene . . 31 . 8 . 897–917 . 10.1016/S0305-1978(03)00085-1 . 2003BioSE..31..897W .

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Genistoids".

Except where otherwise indicated, Everything.Explained.Today is © Copyright 2009-2024, A B Cryer, All Rights Reserved. Cookie policy.