The Council for Responsible Genetics (CRG) was a nonprofit NGO with a focus on biotechnology.
The Council for Responsible Genetics was founded in 1983 in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
| Council for Responsible Genetics | |
| Abbreviation: | CRG |
| Formation: | 1983 |
| Founding Location: | Cambridge, Massachusetts |
| Type: | non profit |
| Purpose: | biotechnology |
An early voice concerned about the social and ethical implications of modern genetic technologies, CRG organized a 1985 Congressional Briefing and a 1986 panel of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, both focusing on the potential dangers of genetically engineered biological weapons.[1] Francis Boyle was asked to draft legislation setting limits on the use of genetic engineering, leading to the Biological Weapons Anti-Terrorism Act of 1989.[2]
CRG was the first organization to advance a comprehensive, scientifically based position against human germline engineering.[3] It was also the first to compile documented cases of genetic discrimination, laying the intellectual groundwork for the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008 (GINA).[1]
The organization created both a Genetic Bill of Rights and a Citizen's Guide to Genetically Modified Food. Also notable are CRG's support for the "Safe Seeds Campaign" (for avoiding gene flow from genetically engineered to non-GE seed) and the organization of a US conference on Forensic DNA Databanks and Racial Disparities in the Criminal Justice System.[1] In 2010 CRG led a successful campaign to roll back a controversial student genetic testing program at the University of California, Berkeley.[4] In 2011, CRG led a campaign to successfully enact [CalGINA] in California, which extended genetic privacy and nondiscrimination protections to life, disability and long term care insurance, mortgages, lending and other areas.
CRG issued five anthologies of commentaries:
CRG "fosters public debate about the social, ethical and environmental implications of genetic technologies." They list three central principles:[1]
| Selected Issues | |
|---|---|
| Cloning and Human Genetic Manipulation | |
| Women and Biotechnology | |
| Genetic Testing, Privacy and Discrimination | |
| Biotechnology and Agriculture | |
In 2007, CRG hosted a retreat to refresh the mission statement and determine goals for the future of the organization. The outcome was that CRG should:
| Notable Projects | Description | |
|---|---|---|
| Genetic Bill of Rights | a set of guidelines to aid in the understanding of CRG's viewpoint on the ethical, legal, social, and environmental implications of biotechnology, meant to foster discussion on the values CRG feels are at risk due to advancing genetic technologies | |
| Race and Genetics | a project including briefing papers and community workshops on various areas where race and genetics intersect, such as racialized medicine, race in science, and racial profiling in DNA databases | |
| Gene Myths | a series of articles disputing what CRG feels are exaggerated and misrepresented ideas about the power of genetic technologies | |
| a discussion on the use and regulation of forensic DNA databases with concern for privacy and civil rights |
The pioneering contributions of CRG to public interest initiatives concerned with appropriate use of biotechnologies are recounted in the book Biotech Juggernaut: Hope, Hype, and Hidden Agendas of Entrepreneurial Bioscience (Routledge, 2019).
The CRG publishes Genewatch,[5] America's first and (according to CRG in 2009) only magazine dedicated to monitoring biotechnology's social, ethical and environmental consequences. The publication covers a broad spectrum of issues, from genetically modified food to biological weapons, genetic privacy and discrimination, reproductive technology, and human cloning. Established in 1983,[6] the publication won the Utne Independent Press Award for General Excellence in the category of newsletters in 2006.[7]
A major source of CRG's funding is the Ford Foundation, which provided $420,000 in grants during 2005-2007.[8]