Qamar Javed Bajwa Explained

Honorific Prefix:General (R)
Qamar Javed Bajwa
Office2:10th Chief of Army Staff
Predecessor2:Raheel Sharif
Successor2:Asim Munir
President2:Mamnoon Hussain
Arif Alvi
Primeminister2:Nawaz Sharif
Shahid Khaqan Abbasi
Nasirul Mulk
Imran Khan
Shehbaz Sharif
Term Start2:29 November 2016
Term End2:29 November 2022
Birth Date:1960 11, df=y[1]
Birth Place:Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
Parents:Muhammad Iqbal Bajwa
Allegiance:Pakistan
Branch:Pakistan Army
Serviceyears:1978-2022
Rank:General
Unit:Baloch Regiment
Commands:
    Alma Mater:
    Battles:
    Honorific Suffix:NI(M), HI(M)

    Qamar Javed Bajwa (Urdu: {{nq|قمر جاوید باجوہ; born 11 November 1960) is a retired Pakistani army general who served as the tenth chief of the army staff of Pakistan from 29 November 2016 to 29 November 2022.[3] [4] In 2018 he was ranked 68th in the Forbes list of the World's Most Powerful People.[5]

    Originally from Gakhar Mandi, Gujranwala, Bajwa was born into a Punjabi Jat family of the Bajwa clan in Karachi.[6] Bajwa was educated at the F. G. Sir Syed College and Gordon College in Rawalpindi before joining the Pakistan Military Academy in 1978. Bajwa was commissioned in 1980 in the 16th Battalion of the Baloch Regiment. Before his appointment as the chief of army staff, he served at the General Headquarters as the inspector general of the training and evaluation from September 2015 to November 2016 and as field commander of the X Corps from August 2013 to September 2015 which is responsible for the area along the Line of Control in Kashmir. In addition, he served as a brigadier in the UN mission in Congo and as a brigade commander in 2007.

    Towards the end of his career as army chief, tax details of Bajwa's family members, acknowledged as a "leak" by the Pakistani government,[7] [8] were leaked to the press, alleging increases in the billions throughout his tenure.[9]

    During his tenure, military interference in Pakistan's political apparatus reached a new high, despite Bajwa's claims of remaining apolitical.[10]

    Early life and education

    Born in Karachi, Sindh, on 11 November 1960, Bajwa was educated at the F. G. Sir Syed College and Gordon College in Rawalpindi before joining the Pakistan Military Academy in 1978. His family hails from Ghakhar Mandi, Punjab. His father Muhammad Iqbal Bajwa was an officer of Pakistan Army who died while in service in 1967 in Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan.[11] Bajwa was seven years old when his father died and he was the youngest of five siblings. He and his siblings were raised by their mother, who died in September 2013.[12] Bajwa's father-in-law is retired major general Ijaz Amjad (brother of Iftikhar Khan Janjua).[13] [14]

    Bajwa completed his secondary and intermediate education at F. G. Sir Syed College[15] and Gordon College in Rawalpindi before joining the Pakistan Army in 1978, which directed him to attend the military academy. He was sent to attend the Pakistan Military Academy in Kakul and passing out in 1980.

    Bajwa is a graduate of the Canadian Army Command and Staff College and the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California, United States. He also attended the National Defence University, Islamabad.[16]

    Military career

    After joining the Pakistan Army in 1978, Bajwa who was enrolled at the Pakistan Military Academy (PMA) in Kakul, passed out with the class of 62nd PMA Long Course and gained commission as second lieutenant, on 24 October 1980 in the 16th Baloch Regiment at the Sialkot Cantonment – the same unit that his father commanded.[17] [18]

    In 1988, Bajwa briefly served in the 5th Northern Light Infantry in Azad Kashmir.[19] [20] In addition, he served in the X Corps, stationed in Rawalpindi, as a staff officer. Upon promotion as one-star rank army general, Bajwa served as the chief of staff (COS) at the X Corps.[21] [22]

    In 2003, Bajwa commanded the Pakistan Armed Forces-Africa Command, attached to the UN peacekeeping mission MONUSCO, in D. R. Congo.[23] Bajwa served in the D. R. Congo as a brigade commander under the then-major general Bikram Singh, the former chief of the army staff of the Indian Army from 2012 to 2014.[24] Singh later termed Bajwa's performance there as "professional and outstanding."[25] [26]

    After being promoted to the two-star rank in May 2009, Bajwa took over the command of the Force Command Northern Areas division as its GOC, stationed in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan.[27] [28] [29] [30] [31]

    In August 2011, he was honored with the Hilal-i-Imtiaz (Military),[32] and posted as an instructor at the School of Infantry and Tactics, Quetta,[33] and later taught staff course at Command and Staff College in Quetta, and course on national security at the National Defence University, Islamabad.[34]

    On 14 August 2013, Bajwa was promoted to three-star rank and posted as field commander of the X Corps, stationed in Rawalpindi.[35] [36] [37] He was appointed as Grade-I officer during his tenure as field commander of the X Corps. The appointment was commented in the news media that noted that Bajwa had been posted in X Corps thrice, which is the army's most important and largest corps, which has experience of keeping control over the situation in Kashmir.[38]

    In 2014, Bajwa was appointed as colonel commandant of the Baloch Regiment.[39]

    On 22 September 2015, Bajwa was posted in the General Headquarters when he was appointed as the inspector-general of the training and evaluation (IGT&E). There he was a principal staff officer to the then-chief of army staff Raheel Sharif.[40] [41]

    Chief of army staff

    In 2016, Raheel Sharif dismissed rumours of seeking an extension for his term.[42] Initially, the race for the appointment for the army chief was rumoured between Zubair Hayat and Javed Ramday who was close to the first family.[43] [44] However, prime minister Nawaz Sharif announced to appoint the-then senior most army general, Zubair Hayat as the Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee.[45]

    On 29 November 2016, Sharif eventually announced to appoint Bajwa - the fourth by seniority, as the chief of army staff, superseding two generals who were senior than him.[46] [47] [48] [49] [50] His strong pro-democracy stance and views may have influenced his appointment as the army chief as noted by the media pundits.[51] Reuters reported that Sharif picked Bajwa because of his low-key style.[52] He was also noted as the fourth oldest chief of army staff.[53]

    In December 2016, he was awarded the Nishan-e-Imtiaz.[54]

    Under the command of Bajwa, the nationwide counter-terrorism Operation Radd-ul-Fasaad and Khyber-4 were launched in February 2017 and July 2017, respectively.[55]

    In 2018 he was ranked 68th in the Forbes list of the World's Most Powerful People, compiled by Forbes magazine, which called him de facto the most powerful person in Pakistan who "established himself as a mediator and proponent of democracy".[4]

    On 25 July 2018, general elections were held in Pakistan. They have been alleged by some as the ‘dirtiest’ elections in Pakistan history [56] with army under Bajwa being accused of manipulating the elections and engineering a victory for Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaaf over army's challenger Pakistan Muslim League (N).[57] However, the Election Commission of Pakistan rejected the claim;[58] the Free and Fair Election Network (FAFEN), a top electoral watchdog, acknowledged that there had been significant improvements in the election process,[59] and the European Union Election Observation Mission acknowledged that that no election rigging had been observed during the election day in general, although the latter did find a "lack of equality" in the elections.[60] Despite the opposition's allegations, it voluntarily decided not to boycott parliament, lending legitimacy to the electoral process via parliamentary participation.[61] [62] Recounts were conducted in a total of 94[63] [64] constituencies by the Election Commission, after which Khan's PTI emerged as the largest party in the National Assembly, winning 115 seats.[65]

    The former prime minister of Pakistan, Nawaz Sharif alleged that Bajwa was behind his disqualification from the prime minister's office by putting pressure on the judiciary and the Supreme Court. He also alleged that Bajwa was also involved in rigging the general election.[66] Subsequently, Muhammad Safdar Awan, son-in-law of Nawaz Sharif was arrested allegedly through pressure in the aftermath of enforced disappearance of Sindh Police's provincial senior police officer Mushtaq Mahar.[67]

    In October 2018, Bajwa was awarded the Order of the Military Merit by Jordan's King Abdullah II.[68]

    On 19 August 2019, his tenure as army chief was extended for another three years, starting from November 2019 until November 2022, by the prime minister of Pakistan Imran Khan.[69] However, on 26 November 2019, the Supreme Court of Pakistan suspended the three-year extension.[70] On 28 November 2019, the Supreme Court of Pakistan announced a short order allowing a 6-month extension in Bajwa's term as the COAS, during which the parliament was to legislate on the extension/reappointment of an army chief.[71] On 8 January 2020, the Senate of Pakistan passed the Pakistan Army (Amendment) Bill 2020, allowing for Bajwa's tenure extension up to three years until 29 November 2022.[72] [73]

    In April 2022, Bajwa publicly suggested at a security forum in Islamabad that Pakistan had been pushed into dependence on China.[74] Nevertheless, after the terrorist attack on Chinese nationals in Karachi, PLA general Zhang Youxia asked Bajwa to stop attacks on Chinese nationals,[75] Bajwa vowed to enhance counter-terror cooperation with China.[76]

    Controversies

    Ouster of Imran Khan as Prime Minister

    See main article: No-confidence motion against Imran Khan. Following Imran Khan's ouster as Prime Minister, supporters of Khan's party Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf called for Bajwa's resignation as army chief on Twitter, and Twitter trends denouncing the general as a "traitor" reached over a million tweets.[77] The supporters claimed that Bajwa conspired to remove Khan from office along with the country's opposition parties.[78]

    Assets beyond the Means

    In the waning days of his tenure, details of Bajwa and his family's tax and assets documents were leaked to the press by journalist Ahmad Noorani on his blog Fact Focus, alleging an increase of nearly Rs. 13 billion in the general's family's assets throughout his tenure as army chief, including an international business, multiple foreign properties and capital, as well as commercial plazas and properties, farmhouses, and residential real estate throughout the major cities of Pakistan.[79] Bajwa's daughter-in-law became a Pakistani billionaire a few days before being wed to Bajwa's son, largely through receiving property in the army-run Defense Housing Authority (DHA), while Bajwa's wife became a multi-billionaire through his tenure as army chief, and she was repeatedly warned by Pakistan's tax bureau the Federal Board of Revenue (FBR) for concealing assets.[80] The report has also alleged that the father-in-law of Bajwa's son has similarly amassed wealth, both in Pakistan and abroad, throughout his tenure as army chief.

    Bajwa reacted to the report by denying involvement in the affairs of his family members, and by inviting the National Accountability Bureau (NAB) to interrogate them if any discrepancies are found in their asset documents.[81] Following the publication of the article, the media platform FactFocus faced government blackouts in Pakistan.[82] Reporters Without Borders condemned the move, calling it "unacceptable in a mature democracy that a perfectly sourced and careful investigative report about an issue of considerable public interest for Pakistanis should be brutally censored in this way".[83] [84]

    Although army spokesmen rejected the claims as "baseless" "propaganda",[85] the country's tax bureau began probing over a dozen government officers,[86] [87] and suspended two high-ranking officers, both in connection to the tax claims,[88] [89] while the Pakistani government declared the tax leak by Noorani as illegal,[90] and announced that they had tracked down the persons responsible for what they termed as a leak[91] [92] - contrary to the claims of army spokesmen. In December 2022, the federal tax bureau formally charged three government officers for unauthorized access to the tax records of Mahnoor Sabir, daughter-in-law of Bajwa, and illegally shared that information.[93] Following the announcement of the government's investigations, Ahmed Noorani claimed that the government of Pakistan, in particular the finance minister Ishaq Dar (who had labeled the data mentioned in the article as an "illegal and unwarranted leakage"[7] [8]) had essentially authenticated Noorani's tax leaks by acknowledging the data as a "leak".[94]

    Death of Arshad Sharif

    Following General Bajwa's retirement, the mother of slain journalist Arshad Sharif requested the Chief Justice of Pakistan to formally charge General Bajwa, among other military officers, for the "targeted, premeditated, planned and calculated murder" of her son, claiming members of the military's Public Relations division began threatening Sharif after he emerged as a critic of General Bajwa following the success of the vote-of-no-confidence against Imran Khan, particularly in a program called “Woh Kon Tha”, aired on ARY News, in which Sharif insinuated General Bajwa had a hand in overthrowing his democratically elected Prime Minister.[95] [96]

    Recognizition of Israel

    Several prominent pakistani clerics, journalists and politicians claimed that Bajwa has been actively advocating to recognise Israel as a state.[97] Bajwa invited journalists twice to meet with him to talk about promoting israel. [98]

    Political interventions

    Bajwa offered a Prime ministership Shehbaz Sharif way before 2018 Elections admitted by Shehbaz Sharif himself and he was in discussion with them to select cabinet members. [99] Nawaz sharif was facilitated to leave country in 2019 by bajwa as per claims made by Khawaja Asif. [100]

    Rana Sanaullah claimed that PML-N was promised governments in federation and provinces as well as the removal of Imran Khan in exchange for vote for Bajwa’s extension. [101]

    Compromise on Kashmir

    Hamid Mir alleged that General (retd) Bajwa compromised on the Kashmir issue in favor of India's Modi regime after the revocation of Kashmir's autonomy on 5 August 2019. Mir claimed that Bajwa arranged a visit for PM Modi to Pakistan and aimed to resolve or "freeze" the Kashmir dispute for twenty years to secure the Nobel Peace Prize and a third term as Pakistan's COAS. Journalist Zehra supported these claims, stating Bajwa sought Modi's visit after accepting the new status of Kashmir. [102]

    Court martial of a Civilian

    Syed Hassan Askari was tried and imprisoned under Court Martial proceedings for writing letter against extension of General Bajwa. [103] Hassan was picked up from his home in October 2020 and transferred to military custody. He was convicted and sentenced to five years of rigorous imprisonment following an FGCM trial, although neither he nor his family members have received a copy of the charges or verdict, despite repeated requests. [104]

    Torture and Abduction of journalists and senators

    Azam Swati, a legislator from former Prime Minister Imran Khan’s Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) party was stripped and tortured after his remarks on twitter on Bajwa's alleged assets beyond means. [105] [106]

    Another politician Shahbaz Gill was badly tortutured including electrocution of genitals for allegedly inciting mutiny among the armed forces. Footage. [107]

    Bajwa defended abduction and torture of politician and journalists in washington. Canadian Conservative Party parliamentarian Kmiec criticised COAS Bajwa for his involvement in human rights abuses. [108]

    Bajwa doctrine

    The term "Bajwa Doctrine" was coined by the Royal United Services Institute after Bajwa's address to the 54th Munich Security Conference in 2018. This emphasised what he called "biting back hard" against threats from the Trump administration.[109] A second version of the doctrine was discussed with journalists in March 2018, stressing democracy, ensuring proper respect of the institutions of the state, eliminating terrorism, bringing terrorists into the mainstream, and viewing the devolution provisions of the eighteenth amendment with scepticism.[110] [111] He has urged his fellow citizens, especially the youth, to fight extremism, saying it is a key driving force for terrorism.[112]

    Journalist Suhail Warraich commented on the doctrine in detail writing for The News International.[113]

    A "Bajwa Doctrine 2.0" was outlined in March 2021 during the Islamabad Security Dialogue. This centred on four themes: an enduring peace internal and external to Pakistan, non-interference in the internal affairs of neighbouring and regional countries, building intra-regional trade and connectivity, and bringing sustainable development via investment and economic hubs within the region. He also said that national security was not the preserve of the armed forces and that "unless our own house is in order, nothing good could be expected from outside," and that "It is time to bury the past and move forward. But for the resumption of the peace process or meaningful dialogue, our neighbour will have to create a conducive environment, particularly in Indian-Occupied Kashmir."[109]

    Personal life

    Bajwa is married to Ayesha Amjad. The couple have two sons, Saad and Ali.

    He is an avid reader and is interested in the history of Europe. He enjoys cricket and used to play cricket as a wicket-keeper.

    Awards and decorations

    Nishan-e-Imtiaz(Military)

    (Order of Excellence)

    (2016)

    		Hilal-e-Imtiaz(Military)

    (Crescent of Excellence)

    (2011)

    Tamgha-e-Diffa(General Service Medal)

    Siachen Glacier Clasp

    		Tamgha-e-Baqa(Nuclear Test Medal)

    1998

    		Tamgha-e-Istaqlal Pakistan(Escalation with India Medal)

    2002

    		Tamgha-e-Azm(Medal of Conviction)

    (2018)

    10 Years Service Medal20 Years Service Medal30 Years Service Medal35 Years Service Medal
    40 Years Service MedalHijri Tamgha(Hijri Medal)

    1979

    		Jamhuriat Tamgha(Democracy Medal)

    1988

    		Qarardad-e-Pakistan Tamgha(Resolution Day

    Golden Jubilee Medal)

    1990

    Tamgha-e-Salgirah Pakistan(Independence Day

    Golden Jubilee Medal)

    1997

    		Command & Staff College QuettaInstructor's MedalUnited Nations MONUC Medal

    (2 Deployments;

    2003 & 2007)

    		GUSP Medal For Merit[114] [115] (Russia)

    (2018)

    Turkish Legion of Merit[116] [117] (Turkey)

    (2017)

    		The Order of Military Merit[118] [119] (Jordan)

    (2018)

    		The Order of Bahrain1st Class[120] [121]

    (Bahrain)

    (2021)

    		Order of King Abdul Aziz(1st Class)[122] [123] [124]

    (Saudi Arabia)

    Foreign decorations

    Foreign Awards
    UN MONUC (Congo) Medal
    GUSP Medal For Merit
    TurkeyTurkish Legion of Merit
    JordanThe Order of Military Merit
    BahrainThe Order of Bahrain, 1st Class
    Saudi ArabiaOrder of King Abdul Aziz (1st Class)
    Order of the Union Medal[125]

    Effective dates of promotion

    Insignia Rank Date
    General, COASNov 2016
    Jul 2013
    Major-GeneralMay 2009
    BrigadierApr 2004
    ColonelSep 2002
    Lieutenant ColonelApr 1997
    MajorNov 1987
    Apr 1983
    Oct 1981
    Second LieutenantOct 1980

    See also

    External links

    Notes and References

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    2. Web site: Pakistan Army's Story of Triumphs. 17 October 2022. Daily Times.
    3. Web site: General Bajwa takes charge as Pakistan's 16th army chief. Dawn.com. 29 November 2016. dawn.com. 30 March 2018.
    4. Web site: Qamar Javed Bajwa. Forbes.
    5. Web site: Dawn.com . 2018-05-10 . Gen Bajwa named 68th 'most powerful' person in the world by Forbes . 2022-09-21 . DAWN.COM . en.
    6. Web site: Pakistan Has a New Army Chief. Here's What We Know About Him. 2021-05-01. The Wire.
    7. Web site: Dar orders probe into COAS family's tax record leakage . Daily Times . 22 November 2022 . 7 January 2023.
    8. Web site: Finance minister orders probe into leak of wealth details of relatives of Pakistan army chief . Arab News . 21 November 2022 . 7 January 2023.
    9. Web site: 2022-11-20 . Army Chief Qamar Bajwa's Family Became Billionaire within The Last Six Years . 2023-01-04 . Fact Focus . en-US.
    10. Web site: Shehzad . Rizwan . 2022-12-04 . Gen Qamar's political legacy leaves much to be desired . 2023-06-15 . The Express Tribune . en.
    11. News: Residents of Gakhar Mandi celebrate new COAS appointment. 27 November 2016. Dawn. Pakistan. 27 November 2016. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20161127070951/http://www.dawn.com/news/1298913. 27 November 2016. dmy-all.
    12. News: Obituary. 27 November 2016. The News. 27 September 2013. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20161128051523/https://www.thenews.com.pk/archive/print/457277-obituary. 28 November 2016. dmy-all.
    13. News: Shakil. Sheikh. General Qamar Bajwa COAS, General Zubair Hayat CJCSC. 5 February 2017. The News. 27 November 2016. en. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20170108224149/https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/168038-General-Qamar-Bajwa-COAS-General-Zubair-Hayat-CJCSC. 8 January 2017. dmy-all.
    14. News: Bajwa solid soldier who believes in civilian supremacy. 27 November 2016. The Nation. 27 November 2016. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20161127065524/http://nation.com.pk/editors-picks/27-Nov-2016/bajwa-solid-soldier-who-believes-in-civilian-supremacy. 27 November 2016. dmy-all.
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    17. News: COAS visits Sialkot, recollects memories. 2 February 2017. Dawn. Pakistan. 2 February 2017. en. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20170202075014/http://www.dawn.com/news/1312193/coas-visits-sialkot-recollects-memories. 2 February 2017. dmy-all.
    18. News: General Qamar Javed Bajwa appointed Pakistan Army chief. 26 November 2016. Geo. 26 November 2016. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20161127024927/https://www.geo.tv/latest/121719-General-Qamar-Javed-Bajwa-appointed-Pakistan-Army-chief. 27 November 2016. dmy-all.
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    20. News: Pakistan's new army chief Bajwa 'knows a lot about what India thinks'. 11 December 2016. hindustan times/. 5 December 2016. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20161210175937/http://www.hindustantimes.com/analysis/pakistan-s-new-army-chief-bajwa-knows-a-lot-about-what-india-thinks/story-q4PFVkbyQqxalUSrc4rfbM.html. 10 December 2016. dmy-all.
    21. News: Lt Gen Qamar Javed new Commander 10 Corps. 24 November 2016. The News. 13 August 2013. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20161125110521/https://www.thenews.com.pk/archive/print/632361-lt-gen-qamar-javed-new-commander-10-corps. 25 November 2016. dmy-all.
    22. News: Next Army chief: Lieutenant-General Qamar Bajwa strongest candidate?. 24 November 2016. Business Recorder. 19 September 2016. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20161125043857/http://www.brecorder.com/general-news/172/86161/. 25 November 2016. dmy-all.
    23. News: Lt Gen Qamar Javed Bajwa chosen as new army chief. 1 March 2017. Dawn. Pakistan. 26 November 2016. en. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20170303202127/https://www.dawn.com/news/1298802. 3 March 2017. dmy-all.
    24. News: Ex-Indian army chief praises Pakistan's incoming chief Gen Bajwa. 27 November 2016. Dawn. Pakistan. 27 November 2016. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20161127101623/http://www.dawn.com/news/1298964. 27 November 2016. dmy-all.
    25. News: Ex-Indian army chief praises Gen Qamar Jawed Bajwa – The Express Tribune. 27 November 2016. The Express Tribune. 27 November 2016. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20161127135422/http://tribune.com.pk/story/1245946/ex-indian-army-chief-praises-incoming-chief-gen-bajwa/. 27 November 2016. dmy-all.
    26. News: Will Qamar Javed Bajwa be as hostile as Raheel Sharif to India? – Times of India. 27 November 2016. The Times of India. 27 November 2016. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20161127122802/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Qamar-Javed-Bajwa-Pakistans-new-army-chief-Implications-for-india/articleshow/55641190.cms. 27 November 2016. dmy-all.
    27. News: 24 brigadiers made major generals. 24 November 2016. The News. 9 May 2009. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20161125050001/https://www.thenews.com.pk/archive/print/664358-24-brigadiers-made-major-generals. 25 November 2016. dmy-all.
    28. News: Goodbye Gen Raheel, who's next?. 22 November 2016. The News. 22 November 2016. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20161122051650/https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/166799-Goodbye-Gen-Raheel-whos-next. 22 November 2016. dmy-all.
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    31. News: Lt Gen Qamar Javed Bajwa chosen as new army chief. 26 November 2016. Dawn. Pakistan. 26 November 2016. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20161126194658/http://www.dawn.com/news/1298802/lt-gen-qamar-javed-bajwa-chosen-as-new-army-chief. 26 November 2016. dmy-all.
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    34. News: Lt Gen Qamar Javed Bajwa appointed new army chief. 26 November 2016. The Express Tribune. 26 November 2016. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20161127021904/http://tribune.com.pk/story/1245194/qamar-javed-bajwa-appointed-new-army-chief/. 27 November 2016. dmy-all.
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    40. News: Four army officers including DG ISPR Asim Bajwa made three-star generals. 24 November 2016. Dawn. Pakistan. 22 September 2015. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20161128114551/http://www.dawn.com/news/1208595. 28 November 2016. dmy-all.
    41. News: Four major generals promoted to lieutenant generals. 24 November 2016. The News. 23 September 2015. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20161125044834/https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/14819-four-major-generals-promoted-to-lieutenant-generals. 25 November 2016. dmy-all.
    42. News: I don't believe in extension, will retire on the due date: Gen Raheel Sharif. 30 December 2017. DAWN.COM. 25 January 2016.
    43. News: Lt General Zubair Mahmood Hayat, tipped to be Pakistan Army chief, visits China. 30 December 2017. The Indian Express. 15 October 2016.
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    45. News: General Zubair Mahmood Hayat appointed CJCSC. 30 December 2017. www.geo.tv.
    46. News: Ahmed. Ashfaq. Pakistan: General Qamar Javed Bajwa takes charge at a critical time. 8 March 2017. Gulf News. 29 November 2016. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20170301224957/http://gulfnews.com/news/asia/pakistan/pakistan-general-qamar-javed-bajwa-takes-charge-at-a-critical-time-1.1937554. 1 March 2017. dmy-all.
    47. News: PM picks Gen Qamar Bajwa to head army. 3 March 2017. Dawn. Pakistan. 27 November 2016. en. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20170304035406/https://www.dawn.com/news/1298904/pm-picks-gen-qamar-bajwa-to-head-army. 4 March 2017. dmy-all.
    48. News: General Qamar Javed Bajwa takes over as Pakistan's new army chief, vows to improve LoC tension. 29 November 2016. The Indian Express. 29 November 2016. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20161129182011/http://indianexpress.com/article/world/general-qamar-javed-bajwa-takes-over-as-pakistans-new-army-chief-vows-to-improve-situation-along-loc/. 29 November 2016. dmy-all.
    49. Web site: Profile of Gen Qamar Javed Bajwa. The News. 27 November 2016. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20161126224619/https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/167866-Profile-of-Gen-Qamar-Javed-Bajwa. 26 November 2016. dmy-all.
    50. News: Masood. Salman. Pakistan Names New Military Leader. 26 November 2016. The New York Times. 26 November 2016. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20161127083733/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/26/world/asia/pakistan-names-new-military-leader.html. 27 November 2016. dmy-all.
    51. News: Pakistani Media on Why Qamar Bajwa Got One of The Country's Top Military Job. 28 November 2016. NDTV.com. 28 November 2016. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20161129021156/http://www.ndtv.com/world-news/general-qamar-bajwas-pro-democratic-credentials-earned-him-the-post-pak-media-1630798?pfrom=home-lateststories. 29 November 2016. dmy-all.
    52. News: Zahra-Malik. Drazen Jorgic and Mehreen. Pakistan PM Sharif names General Bajwa as new army chief. 26 November 2016. Reuters UK. 26 November 2016. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20161127023423/http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-pakistan-military-idUKKBN13L0KU. 27 November 2016. dmy-all.
    53. News: General Qamar Bajwa fourth oldest Pak Army chief. 13 February 2017. The News. 2 December 2016. en. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20170210084316/https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/169231-General-Qamar-Bajwa-fourth-oldest-Pak-Army-chief. 10 February 2017. dmy-all.
    54. News: President presents awards to COAS General Bajwa, CJCSC General Hayat. 31 December 2016. geo.tv. Geo. 31 December 2016. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20161231171204/https://www.geo.tv/latest/125617-President-presents-awards-to-COAS-General-Bajwa-CJCSC-General-Hayat. 31 December 2016. dmy-all.
    55. News: Gen. Bajwa dines at local hotel without security protocol. 8 August 2017. www.thenews.com.pk. en. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20170809000300/https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/218356-Gen-Bajwa-dines-at-local-hotel-without-security-protocol. 9 August 2017. dmy-all.
    56. News: Viewpoint: Pakistan's dirtiest election in years. BBC News. 23 July 2018.
    57. News: Fair . C. Christine . 2018-08-01 . Pakistan's Sham Election . Foreign Affairs . 2022-04-13 . 0015-7120.
    58. Web site: Ghauri . Irfan . CEC rejects rigging charges, rebuffs resignation calls . The Express Tribune . 31 July 2018 . 6 January 2023.
    59. Web site: FAFEN satisfied with transparency of polls, urges ECP to allay opposition's concerns . The Express Tribune . 27 July 2018 . 6 January 2023.
    60. Web site: Hamdani . Kazim . FAFEN satisfied with transparency of polls, urges ECP to allay opposition's concerns . The Express Tribune . 27 July 2018 . 6 January 2023.
    61. Web site: Tahir . Zulqernain . PML-N unlikely to favour boycott of parliament . Dawn . 29 July 2018 . Dawn News . 6 January 2023.
    62. Web site: Khan . Rameez . PML-N decides against parliament boycott . The Express Tribune . 29 July 2018 . 6 January 2023.
    63. Web site: Ghauri . Irfan . ECP orders recount in 70 constituencies . The Express Tribune . 30 July 2018 .
    64. Web site: ECP okays recounting in 14 national, 10 provincial constituencies . The Express Tribune . 30 July 2018 . 6 January 2023.
    65. Web site: Pakistan polls: PTI wins 115 NA seats as ECP releases final tally . The Daily Star . 28 July 2018 . 6 January 2023.
    66. News: Nawaz accuses security establishment of orchestrating his ouster, bringing Imran to power. Dawn.com. Iqbal Mirza. 17 October 2020 . 29 December 2020.
    67. News: Protests against Imran Khan, Pakistan Army explained. India Today. 22 October 2020.
    68. Web site: COAS awarded Jordan's Order of Military Merit. 3 October 2018. The Nation.
    69. Web site: Army chief Gen Bajwa's tenure extended for another 3 years. Dawn com | Sanaullah Khan | Naveed. Siddiqui. 19 August 2019. DAWN.COM.
    70. Web site: Pakistan's top court temporarily suspends army chief's extension. www.aljazeera.com.
    71. News: Gen Bajwa to stay on as COAS for 6 more months: SC . Dawn . 28 November 2019.
    72. News: Senate loses no time in passing tenure bills to meet expedited timeline . Dawn . January 8, 2020.
    73. News: Pakistan passes bill legalising extensions for military chiefs . Al Jazeera . January 8, 2020.
    74. Web site: Pakistan's foreign policy reset hits a dead end . 13 July 2022 . The Australian Strategic Policy Institute . 13 July 2022.
    75. Web site: Stop attacks on Chinese nationals in Pakistan, Beijing tells Gen Bajwa . Business Standard . 13 June 2022.
    76. Web site: Pakistan, Chinese militaries vow to enhance counter-terror cooperation . 12 June 2022 . Dawn.
    77. Web site: Jahangir . Ramsha . RIDING THE SOCIAL MEDIA TIGER . Dawn . 5 June 2022 . 27 November 2022.
    78. Web site: Hussain . Abid . The controversial legacy of Pakistan's outgoing army chief Bajwa . 2023-06-15 . www.aljazeera.com . en.
    79. Web site: Noorani . Ahmad . ARMY CHIEF QAMAR BAJWA'S FAMILY BECAME BILLIONAIRE WITHIN THE LAST SIX YEARS . FactFocus . 20 November 2022 . 27 November 2022.
    80. Web site: Chaubey . Santosh . Sen Gupta. Pathikrit. Soldiers of 'Fortune'? Qamar Javed Bajwa Represents Pakistan Army's $100B Private 'War Chest' . 26 November 2022 . News18 . 27 November 2022.
    81. Web site: General Bajwa reacts to FactFocus story . The Namal . 23 November 2022 . 27 November 2022.
    82. Web site: Pakistani News Website Blocked for 18 Hours After Publishing Report on Assets of Army Chief, Kin . The Wire . 7 January 2023.
    83. Web site: Reporters Without Borders slams curbs on FactFocus website . Dawn . 25 November 2022 . 7 January 2023.
    84. Web site: Fact Focus website censored for investigating Pakistan's army chief . Reporters Without Borders . 24 November 2022 . 7 January 2023.
    85. Web site: UR REHMAN . LAIQ . 'MISLEADING, BLATANT LIES': ISPR SLAMS TAX RECORDS PROPAGANDA AGAINST COAS GEN BAJWA . ARY News . 27 November 2022 . 7 January 2023.
    86. Web site: Iqbal . Mazhar . FBR WIDENS PROBE INTO COAS BAJWA FAMILY TAX RECORD LEAK . ARY News . 26 November 2022 . 7 January 2023.
    87. Web site: FBR widens probe into tax record leak of COAS, family . Business Recorder . 27 November 2022 . 7 January 2023.
    88. Web site: Ansari . Irshad . FBR suspends officials for leaking Bajwa family tax record . The Express Tribune . 2 December 2022 . 7 January 2023.
    89. Web site: Two FBR officers suspended over Gen Bajwa's tax record leak . Dunya News . 25 November 2022 . 7 January 2023.
    90. News: Dilawar . Ismail . Pakistan Orders Probe Into Leak After Report on Army Chief's Family Wealth . Bloomberg . 21 November 2022 . 27 November 2022.
    91. Web site: Leakers of Bajwa family tax returns identified: Dar . Dawn . 22 November 2022 . 27 November 2022.
    92. Web site: People behind leak of COAS General Qamar Javed Bajwa's income tax records identified: Ishaq Dar . Geo News . 7 January 2023.
    93. Web site: Waleed . Hamid . Bajwa's tax data: FBR lodges FIR against 3 officers . Business Recorder . 21 December 2022 .
    94. Web site: Ahmed Noorani defends his story on Gen Bajwa's tax returns . Journalism in Pakistan . 7 January 2023.
    95. Web site: Slain Journalist Arshad Sharif's Mother Wants Gen Bajwa, DG ISI To Be Nominated In The FIR . The Friday Times . 7 December 2022 . 7 January 2023.
    96. Web site: Malik . Hasnaat . SC orders special JIT on journalist's murder . The Express Tribune . 7 December 2022 . 7 January 2023.
    97. Web site: Senior Pakistani Shia clric: General Bajwa urged mediapersons to recognize Israel . 2024-05-29 . AhlulBayt News Agency.
    98. General Bajwa asked Khan to recognize Israel Hamid Mir witness Imran Khan Historical Answer GNN . 2024-05-13 . GNN . 2024-05-29 . YouTube.
    99. Web site: 2023-03-15 . Gen Bajwa Offered Me Premiership In 2018: Shehbaz Sharif . 2024-05-29 . The Friday Times . en.
    100. Web site: Great-Huckleberry777 . 2023-05-16 . Establishment helped Nawaz shareef escape to London not IK. They also made sure NS gets court orders. Says Khawaja Asif . 2024-05-29 . r/pakistan.
    101. Web site: Tahir . Zulqernain . 2023-09-22 . PML-N voted for extension in return for help with Imran problem: Rana Sanaullah . 2024-05-29 . DAWN.COM . en.
    102. Web site: 2023-04-23 . Gen Bajwa's Kashmir 'Compromise', Unauthorized Disclosures Warrant Court Martial . 2024-05-29 . The Friday Times . en.
    103. Web site: Azeem . Munawer . 2023-03-29 . Veteran's family breaks silence over civilian son's court martial . 2024-05-29 . DAWN.COM . en.
    104. Web site: Azeem . Munawer . 2023-03-29 . Veteran's family breaks silence over civilian son's court martial . 2024-05-29 . DAWN.COM . en.
    105. Web site: Dawn.com . 2022-11-01 . 'They kept beating me': Swati describes his 'custodial torture' . 2024-05-29 . DAWN.COM . en.
    106. Web site: Hussain . Abid . Pakistan opposition leader arrested for tweet on military chief . 2024-05-29 . Al Jazeera . en.
    107. Web site: 2022-08-24 . Pakistani Politician Alleges Torture, Abuse in Police Custody . 2024-05-29 . Voice of America . en.
    108. Web site: Dawn.com . 2022-06-27 . Khawaja Asif condemns Canadian MP Tom Kmiec's allegations against COAS Bajwa . 2024-05-29 . DAWN.COM . en.
    109. News: Pakistan: Bajwa Doctrine 2.0 . ANI . March 30, 2021.
    110. News: Full text of COAS address at MSC Germany . Dunya News . 19 February 2018.
    111. Web site: Kamal Alam . The Bajwa Doctrine: The Pakistani Military Has Done More than Enough . Royal United Services Institute . February 16, 2018.
    112. "Army will fight terrorists, society should fight extremism: Gen Bajwa" Dawn, 18 May 2017.
    113. Web site: The Bajwa Doctrine: from chauvinism to realism. 18 March 2018 . The News International.
    114. Web site: 2018-12-27 . Gen Bajwa awarded medal by Russian envoy . 2022-03-28 . The Express Tribune . en.
    115. Web site: 2018-12-28 . CoAS awarded medals by Russian envoy . 2022-03-28 . Brecorder . en.
    116. Web site: Dawn.com . 2017-06-20 . COAS Bajwa awarded Turkish Legion of Merit . 2022-03-28 . DAWN.COM . en.
    117. Web site: 2017-06-20 . Pakistan's army chief given Turkey's Legion of Merit award in Ankara . 2022-03-28 . The Express Tribune . en.
    118. Web site: 2018-10-03 . Pakistan's army chief awarded top military honour in Jordan . 2022-03-28 . Arab News . en.
    119. Web site: 2018-10-02 . COAS General Qamar Javaid Bajwa awarded with a highest military award from King Abdullah II . 2022-03-28 . Times of Islamabad . en.
    120. Web site: APP . 2021-01-09 . Army chief honoured with Bahrain Order award . 2022-03-28 . DAWN.COM . en.
    121. Web site: Pakistan's army chief bestowed with Bahrain Order . 2022-03-28 . www.thenews.com.pk . en.
    122. Web site: 2022-06-26 . Gen Bajwa awarded highest Saudi honour . 2022-06-28 . The Express Tribune . en.
    123. Web site: Gen Bajwa awarded King Abdulaziz Medal . 2022-06-28 . www.thenews.com.pk . en.
    124. News: Saudi Arabia confers Pakistan Army chief General Qamar Javed Bajwa with King Abdulaziz Medal . The Economic Times . 2022-06-28.
    125. Web site: 2022-08-17 . Army chief awarded Order of the Union medal by UAE . 2022-08-17 . The Express Tribune . en.

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