Gene transfer agent-release holin family explained

Gene transfer agent-release holins (GTA-Hol, TC# 1.E.54) are holins which are believed to facilitate the lysis-dependent release of a gene transfer agent. Particularly the gene transfer agent of Rhodobacter capsulatus (RcGTA), which is known to be a bacteriophage-like genetic element that induces horizontal gene transfer. The promoter of the RcGTA gene was identified by Westbye et al. in 2013.^[1] A representative list of members belonging to the GTA-Hol family can be found in the Transporter Classification Database with homologues found in Pseudomonadota (formerly proteobacteria) and caudovirales.^[2]

See also

• Gene transfer agent
• Lysin

Further reading

• Biers . Erin J. . Wang . Kui . Pennington . Catherine . Belas . Robert . Chen . Feng . Moran . Mary Ann . 2008 . Occurrence and Expression of Gene Transfer Agent Genes in Marine Bacterioplankton . Applied and Environmental Microbiology . 74 . 10. 2933–2939 . 10.1128/AEM.02129-07 . 18359833 . 2394915.
• Lang. Andrew S.. Zhaxybayeva. Olga. Beatty. J. Thomas. Gene transfer agents: phage-like elements of genetic exchange. Nature Reviews Microbiology. 10.1038/nrmicro2802. 3626599. 22683880. 10. 7. 2012. 472–82.
• Reddy . Bhaskara L. . Saier Jr . Milton H. . 2013 . Topological and phylogenetic analyses of bacterial holin families and superfamilies . Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes . 1828 . 11. 2654–2671 . 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.07.004 . 23856191 . 3788059.
• Saier . Milton H. . Reddy . Bhaskara L. . 2015 . Holins in Bacteria, Eukaryotes, and Archaea: Multifunctional Xenologues with Potential Biotechnological and Biomedical Applications . Journal of Bacteriology . 197 . 1. 7–17 . 10.1128/JB.02046-14 . 25157079 . 4288690.
• Wang . I. N. . Smith . D. L. . Young . R. . 2000 . Holins: the protein clocks of bacteriophage infections . Annual Review of Microbiology . 54 . 799–825 . 10.1146/annurev.micro.54.1.799 . 11018145 .

Notes and References

1. Westbye. A. B.. Leung. M. M.. Florizone. S. M.. Taylor. T. A.. Johnson. J. A.. Fogg. P. C.. Beatty. J. T.. 2013-11-01. Phosphate concentration and the putative sensor kinase protein CckA modulate cell lysis and release of the Rhodobacter capsulatus gene transfer agent. Journal of Bacteriology. 195. 22. 5025–5040. 10.1128/JB.00669-13. 1098-5530. 3811591. 23995641.
2. Web site: 1.E.54 The Gene Transfer Agent-release Holin (GTA-Hol) Family. TCDB. 2016-03-29.