Gearbox Software Explained

Gearbox Software, L.L.C.
Type:Subsidiary
Parent:The Gearbox Entertainment Company
Industry:Video games
Hq Location City:Frisco, Texas
Hq Location Country:US
Revenue: [1]
Revenue Year:2022
Num Employees:1,300
Num Employees Year:2022

Gearbox Software, L.L.C[2] is an American video game development company based in Frisco, Texas. It was established as a limited liability company in February 1999 by five developers formerly of Rebel Boat Rocker. Randy Pitchford, one of the founders, serves as president and chief executive officer. Gearbox initially created expansions for the Valve game Half-Life, then ported that game and others to console platforms. In 2005, Gearbox launched its first independent set of games, Brothers in Arms, on console and mobile devices. It became their flagship franchise and spun off a comic book series, television documentary, books, and action figures. Their second original game series, Borderlands, commenced in 2009, and by 2015 had sold over 26 million copies. The company also owns the intellectual property of Duke Nukem and Homeworld.

Gearbox expanded into publishing with the creation of Gearbox Publishing in 2015. A parent company, The Gearbox Entertainment Company, was established for Gearbox Software and Gearbox Publishing in 2019. Gearbox Entertainment was acquired by the Embracer Group in April 2021, becoming its seventh major label. A third division, Gearbox Studios, to focus on television and film productions, was established in October 2021. Due to major restructuring following a failed investment, Embracer announced plans to divest Gearbox to Take-Two Interactive, who had previously published several of Gearbox's games under its 2K label, in March 2024. Take-Two Interactive closed the Gearbox Software acquisition on June 12, 2024.[3] [4]

History

Formation and initial growth (1999–2008)

Gearbox Software was founded on February 16, 1999, by Randy Pitchford, Brian Martel, Stephen Bahl, Landon Montgomery and Rob Heironimus, five developers formerly of Rebel Boat Rocker.[5] Before Rebel Boat Rocker, Pitchford and Martel previously worked together at 3D Realms, and Montgomery previously worked at Bethesda Softworks. By 2000, the company employed 15 people.[6]

They started with developing expansions to Valve's Half-Life. Porting Half-Life to console platforms (each with new game content) followed, building the company's experience in console game-making, in addition to enhancing and building upon the successful Counter-Strike branch of the Half-Life franchise. Prior to Half-Life 2, they had developed or helped develop every Half-Life expansion game or port, including Opposing Force, Blue Shift, , Half-Life for the Sony PlayStation 2 (including ), and Half-Life for the Sega Dreamcast (including Blue Shift). Branching out to other publishers, they pursued additional port work, each game being released with additional content, but this time from console to PC. These projects included their first non-first-person shooter, Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 3, and , forging new publisher relationships with Activision and Microsoft Game Studios respectively. Additional new development, in the form of a PC game in the James Bond franchise () for Electronic Arts, also occurred during the company's initial 5-year period.

In 2005, they launched an original property of their creation, Brothers in Arms, with the release of on the Xbox, PC and PlayStation 2. Later that year a sequel, , was launched. In 2008, was released.

2007 brought announcements of new projects based on licensed film intellectual properties, including the crime drama Heat[7] and the science-fiction classic Aliens.[8] In the September 2007 issue of Game Informer, Pitchford stated that development on the Heat game had not yet begun, as the planned development partner for the project had gone under.[9] [10] This was followed by an announcement by Sega that they would be helming a new version of rhythm game Samba de Amigo for the Wii, a departure from their signature first-person shooter titles.[11]

Borderlands and studio expansion (2009–2015)

Work on a new intellectual property, Borderlands, began around 2005 and was first announced in 2007.[12] [10] Pitchford likened the game as a combination of computer role-playing games such as Diablo and NetHack, and first-person shooters like Duke Nukem.[13] Defining features of Borderlands was its outlined graphical style and its procedurally-generated loot system that was capable of generating millions of different guns and other gear items.[14] Borderlands was released in October 2009, published by 2K, a subsidiary of Take-Two Interactive. By August 2011, had sold over 4.5 million copies, making it a critical success for Gearbox and allowing them to expand the studio and budgets for subsequent games.[15] [16] Subsequently, Gearbox developed two additional games in the video game series, Borderlands 2 (2012) and Borderlands 3 (2019), as well as the spin-off title Tiny Tina's Wonderlands (2022), and the series has spawn additional games from other studios under 2K/Take-Two or through license, including by 2K Australia, and Tales from the Borderlands from Telltale Games. Gearbox and Take-Two have also partnered with Lionsgate to develop a live-action Borderlands film, which was released on August 9, 2024.

In July 2013, Gearbox announced plans to rerelease Homeworld and Homeworld 2 in high definition for modern PC platforms, in addition to making it available through digital distributors.[17]

In July 2014, Randy Pitchford formally contested the class action lawsuit stating the game had cost them millions of their own money and the advertising was solely the fault of the publisher.[18]

In December 2015, Gearbox opened a second development studio in Quebec City, Canada.[19] The studio is run by Sebastien Caisse and former Activision art director Pierre-Andre Dery. The team consists of over 100 members and is contributing to the development of original AAA titles.[20]

Restructuring and acquisition by Embracer Group (2015–2024)

Gearbox established Gearbox Publishing in 2015, first announced to the public in December 2016, as to publish third-party games, starting with the remastered version of Bulletstorm from People Can Fly.[21] [22] Pitchford said that they wanted to start expanding into other areas of capital growth beyond games that Gearbox was traditionally known for, and planned to use Gearbox Publishing as a starting point.[23] Later, in May 2019, Gearbox established The Gearbox Entertainment Company, Inc. (Gearbox Entertainment) as a parent company for both Gearbox Software and Gearbox Publishing.[24] [25]

Co-founder Landon Montgomery, who had left the company around 2007, died on March 25, 2020.[26]

In April 2021, Gearbox Entertainment was wholly acquired by the Embracer Group for approximately, and was added as the company's seventh major publishing group.[27] [25] [28] Pitchford stated that while they were looking to raise capital from 2016, they came to meet with Embracer, and saw that their decentralized studio model would work well for Gearbox.[23] 2K remained on Gearbox's board and continued to publish the Borderlands series.[29]

Gearbox Entertainment opened a second Canadian studio, Gearbox Studio Montreal, in August 2021, to support 250 new staff, bringing the total size of Gearbox to around 850 employees.[30]

Gearbox announced the formation of Gearbox Studios as a third company under the Gearbox Entertainment Company on October 6, 2021, to oversee television and film productions, with Pitchford serving as Gearbox Studios president alongside as president and CEO of the parent company. Former CTO Steve Jones was named as president of Gearbox Software in Pitchford's place.[31] Embracer announced it intent to acquire Perfect World Entertainment in December 2021 and placing the group, including its publishing arm and Cryptic Studios, under the Gearbox Entertainment operating group.[32] Following its acquisition in April 2022, Perfect World Entertainment was rebranded as Gearbox Publishing San Francisco, with the naming to be applied retroactively to past games published under Perfect World.[33]

In April 2022, Gearbox Entertainment announced it will acquire Lost Boys Interactive, which had supported Gearbox in Tiny Tina's Wonderlands.[34] Later that November, Gearbox acquired the Risk of Rain IP from Hopoo Games, while Embracer transferred ownership of Volition to Gearbox Entertainment from Deep Silver following poor reception to its Saint's Row reboot. The studio would later shut down the following year due to the restructuring of Embracer Group.[35] [36] That same month, Eidos Shanghai, another studio under the Embracer Group, was transferred to Gearbox Publishing San Francisco and rebranded as Gearbox Studio Shanghai.[37]

Gearbox Entertainment acquired Captured Dimensions, a 3D modeling company from Texas, in January 2023.[38] Later in the month, Gearbox laid off a sizeable portion of the staff at Lost Boys Interactive.[39] According to a Washington state WARN notice, 125 employees lost their jobs.[40]

Acquisition by Take-Two Interactive (2024–present)

Take-Two Interactive announced its plans to acquire Gearbox Entertainment and its intellectual properties from Embracer Group for $460 million on March 28, 2024, to be added under the 2K label. The acquisition also includes Gearbox Software with its satellite studios and Gearbox Publishing.[41] Embracer will retain Gearbox San Francisco, Gearbox Shanghai, Lost Boys Interactive, Captured Dimensions, and Cryptic Studios, along with publishing rights to Remnant, Hyper Light Breaker, and other unannounced titles.[42] Less than a day after the announcement, it was reported that an unknown number of employees were laid off from Gearbox.[43] On June 12, 2024, Take-Two Interactive closed the Gearbox Software transaction.

Company structure

As of August 2023, The Gearbox Entertainment Company, as an operating division of Embracer Group, manages four primary divisions of Gearbox: Gearbox Software which develops video games, Gearbox Studios which oversees other media productions based on Gearbox's properties, Gearbox Publishing which handles publishing of Gearbox and other third-party software and Gearbox Properties which manages the intellectual properties of the company.[44]

The Gearbox Entertainment Company now oversees Perfect World Entertainment (rebranded as Gearbox Publishing San Francisco) and its subsidiaries, including Cryptic Studios, following approval of Embracer's acquisition of the company completed by February 2022. Cryptic Studios was later moved to DECA Games following a management restructuring.[45]

Gearbox Software has three additional studios in addition to their main studios in Frisco, Texas; Gearbox Studio Montreal, Gearbox Studio Québec, and Gearbox Studio Shanghai. The latter one is managed by Gearbox Publishing San Francisco. After the company was bought by Take-Two, many assets were retained by Embracer such as Lost Boys, Captured Dimensions and the San Francisco publishing division which was rebranded as Arc Games alongside several titles. The Gearbox Publishing division handled by Gearbox Software was later absorbed into 2K following Take-Two's buyout of Gearbox.

Games

Half-Life

See main article: Half-Life (series). Gearbox has developed a total of six games in the Half-Life series: the expansion packs Opposing Force and Blue Shift; ports of Half-Life for Dreamcast (which included Blue Shift) and Half-Life for PlayStation 2 (which included ); they also did a large amount of work on both the retail release of Counter-Strike and the main portion of .

Brothers in Arms

See main article: Brothers in Arms (video game series). During their fourth year, Gearbox began working on their first independently owned game: . Developed for PC and Microsoft's Xbox console, and built with the Unreal Engine 2, it was released in March 2005. The sequel, , followed seven months later. The series was published by Ubisoft, who supported both games with PlayStation 2 versions, and later worked with them to develop Brothers in Arms games for portable systems (mobile phones, PlayStation Portable and Nintendo DS) and the Wii home console.

In 2005, Gearbox licensed the Unreal Engine 3 from Epic Games, to replace the Unreal Engine 2 technology used in previous games, and grew its internal development teams to handle the demands of next-generation technology and content.[46] was the first new title to be announced, continuing the company's flagship franchise.[47]

was launched in September 2008. By 2008, the franchise also spun off a comic book series, a two-part television documentary, a line of action figures, and a novelization and non-fiction history book.

Borderlands series

See main article: Borderlands (series). After the completion of , Gearbox began working on their second original game, Borderlands. Revealed in the September 2007 issue of Game Informer, Borderlands was described as "Mad Max meets Diablo", and its first-person shooter-meets-role-playing gameplay was revealed, along with screenshots of the early art style and the first three playable characters. The gaming press saw the game next at the European GamesCon in 2007, and again at GamesCon and E3 in 2008. In early 2009, it was revealed in PC Gamer magazine that they had changed the graphical style and added the fourth player character. Borderlands was released in 2009.

Following the unexpected[48] success of the first Borderlands, which sold between three[49] and four-and-a-half million copies since release,[50] creative director Mike Neumann stated that there was a chance of a Borderlands 2 being created, adding that the decision "seems like a no-brainer."[51] On August 2, 2011, the game was confirmed and titled as Borderlands 2. The first look at the game was shown at Gamescom 2011, and an extensive preview was included in the September edition of Game Informer magazine, with Borderlands 2 being the cover story.[52] Like the first game, Borderlands 2 was developed by Gearbox Software and published by 2K Games, running on a heavily modified version of Epic Games' Unreal Engine 3. The game was released on September 18, 2012, in North America and was released on September 21, 2012, internationally.[53] [54]

Duke Nukem series

See main article: Duke Nukem. Duke Nukem Forever had been a project with a troubled development history at 3D Realms, who had created the Duke Nukem series, since sometime prior to 2000. Due to financial difficulties in 2009, 3D Realms was forced to downsize and ultimately lay off most of the development staff. Take-Two Interactive sued 3D Realms for failing to deliver Duke Nukem Forever.[55]

Pitchford, who had prior industry relations with many 3D Realms staff including George Broussard, learned that many of the 3D Realms team were still eager to develop Duke Nukem Forever, working out of their homes on what they could. Pitchford negotiated with Take-Two to bring many of the former 3D Realms staff into a new studio called Triptych Games, housed at Gearbox's headquarters, to continue working on Duke Nukem Forever following 3D Realms' closure in 2009.[56] As a result, 3D Realms sold the rights to Duke Nukem and the existing work on Duke Nukem Forever to Gearbox around February 2010. Take-Two and Gearbox subsequently announced in September 2010 that Gearbox would finish production of Duke Nukem Forever.[57] [58] Duke Nukem Forever was released in June 2011, and received negative critical reception on release, with most of the criticism directed towards the unfinished, rushed state of the game.[59] [60] Despite the criticism, the game topped the charts on release and made a profit.[61]

3D Realms had initially sued Gearbox in June 2013 for unpaid royalties over Duke Nukem Forever,[62] but dropped the suit by September 2013, with 3D Realms' founder Scott Miller stating that it was a misunderstanding on their part.[63]

3D Realms was eventually acquired in part by Interceptor Entertainment, and in 2014, Interceptor announced plans to make a new Duke Nukem game, Duke Nukem: Mass Destruction. Gearbox filed suit against 3D Realms and Interceptor based on the fact that Gearbox now owned the rights to the Duke Nukem franchise.[64] The case was settled out of court in August 2015, with 3D Realms and Interceptor acknowledging that Gearbox has full rights to the Duke Nukem series.[65] Following the settlement, Gearbox released Duke Nukem 3D: 20th Anniversary Edition World Tour in September 2016. The game included new levels developed in conjunction with some of the original developers, re-recorded lines by original Duke voice actor Jon St. John, and new music from original composer Lee Jackson. It was released on October 11, 2016.[66]

Aliens: Colonial Marines

was a result of Gearbox's exploration into working on licensed film properties in 2007, and was developed under license from 20th Century Fox, who held the film rights, and Sega, who held the game publishing rights to the franchise.[8] Aliens: Colonial Marines was planned as a first-person shooter, both single-player and multiplayer, with players as members of human squads facing the franchises titular xenomorphs in settings based on the films. Gearbox did initial development on the game, but as the studio started working on Borderlands and Duke Nukem Forever, they drew developers off Aliens though still collected full payments from Sega. Sega and 2K discovered the discrepancy on Gearbox's allocation of its staff on its projects, which lead to a round of layoffs in 2008.[67]

After Gearbox released Borderlands to critical acclaim in 2009, it began work on its sequel rather than re-allocating developers to Aliens. Instead, the studio outsourced the work to third parties, including Demiurge Studios, Nerve Software, and TimeGate Studios. By 2012, Gearbox took over full development of the game as it neared its planned release in February 2013, but due to the heavily outsourced process, the game's state was haphazard, forcing Gearbox to cancel a planned beta period and rush the game through the final stages of production, certification, and distribution.[68] On release, the game suffered from performance issues even on target hardware specifications, and shipped with a software bug that hampered the artificial intelligence of the xenomorphs in the game, making the game far less challenging than promised; it was discovered in 2019 that this bug was result of a typographic error in a configuration file shipped with the game.[69] [70] The game's poor performance led Sega to cancel planned releases for the Wii U.[71]

A class action lawsuit filed in April 2013 by Roger Damion Perrine and John Locke alleged that Gearbox and Sega falsely advertised Aliens: Colonial Marines by showing demos at trade shows that did not accurately represent the final product. Sega and the plaintiffs reached a settlement in late 2014, wherein Sega agreed to pay $1.25 million to the class. The plaintiffs dropped Gearbox from the suit in May 2015.[72]

Battleborn

See main article: Battleborn (video game). Released in May 2016, Battleborn was a cooperative first-person shooter video game with multiplayer online battle arena (MOBA) elements. Battleborn takes place in a space fantasy setting where multiple races contest possession of the universe's last star. Players select one of multiple pre-defined heroes, customized with passive abilities gained through end-of-mission loot, to complete both player-vs-player and player-vs-environment events. During such events, characters are leveled up through their "Helix tree", granting one of two abilities at each level.[73] While Battleborn was well received by critics, it was released within a month of Blizzard Entertainment's Overwatch, a hero shooter with similar concepts, and which quickly overshadowed Battleborn. The title went free-to-play in June 2017[74] and was shut down in January 2021.[75]

Homeworld series

See main article: Homeworld (series). After 10 years without any new releases to the series, Gearbox acquired the rights to the Homeworld series from THQ in 2013.[76] [77] Shortly after that the Homeworld Remastered Collection was released in 2015, containing updated High-Definition versions of Homeworld and Homeworld 2 compatible with modern Windows and Mac OS X systems.[78]

In September 2013, Gearbox announced a partnership with Blackbird Interactive and licensing the Homeworld-IP for their then-named Hardware: Shipbreakers game. This game later became and was released on January 20, 2016[79] as a prequel to the original Homeworld game of 1999.

On August 30, 2019, Gearbox announced Homeworld 3 which was developed by Blackbird Interactive.[80] The game's development was at least partially funded through a crowdfunding campaign on the Fig platform,[81] and was released May 13, 2024.[82]

Other media

A Borderlands film was released by Gearbox and Lionsgate in 2024, with Eli Roth as director.[83]

In April 2020, Gearbox announced it was developing a television series based on its Brothers in Arms series.[84]

Technology

In 2006, they partnered with Dell and Intel to provide development computer systems and technology for their studio.[85]

In June 2007, they purchased a Moven motion capture system that uses non-optical inertia technology, to augment their existing Vicon optical motion capture system becoming one of the few independent developers with two in-house motion capture capabilities.[86]

In February 2008, it was announced that they had licensed NaturalMotion's Morpheme software.[87]

List of video games

Games developed

YearTitlePlatform(s)Publisher(s)
1999Linux, macOS, Microsoft WindowsSierra Studios
2001
Half-LifePlayStation 2 (port)
PlayStation 2
2002Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 3Microsoft Windows (port)Activision O2
Microsoft WindowsEA Games
2003Microsoft Windows (port)Microsoft Game Studios
2005macOS, Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 2, XboxUbisoft
macOS, Microsoft Windows, mobile, PlayStation 2, Wii, Xbox
2006PlayStation Portable
2007Brothers in Arms DSNintendo DS
2008Samba de AmigoWiiSega
macOS, WiiUbisoft
Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360
2009BorderlandsmacOS, Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3, Xbox 3602K Games
2011Duke Nukem Forever
Nintendo DSSega
2012Borderlands 2Linux, macOS, Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3, PlayStation Vita, Xbox 3602K Games
Borderlands LegendsiOS
2013Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360Sega
2014Linux, macOS, Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3, Xbox 3602K Games
2015PlayStation 4, Xbox One
Homeworld Remastered CollectionmacOS, Microsoft WindowsGearbox Software, Aspyr
2016BattlebornMicrosoft Windows, PlayStation 4, Xbox One2K Games
Gearbox Publishing
2019Penn & Teller VR: F U, U, U, & UMicrosoft Windows, PlayStation VR, Oculus Quest
Borderlands 3Microsoft Windows, macOS, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Xbox One, Xbox Series X/S2K Games
2022Tiny Tina's Wonderlands
New Tales from the BorderlandsMicrosoft Windows, Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Xbox One, Xbox Series X/S
2023Risk of Rain 2

Seekers of the Storm

Microsoft WindowsGearbox Publishing
2025Borderlands 4[88] [89] Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 5, Xbox Series X/S2K Games

Games published

Gearbox Publishing

YearTitlePlatform(s)Developer(s)
2016macOS, WindowsBlackbird Interactive
2017Windows, Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, Xbox OnePeople Can Fly
Fortnite (physical format)Windows, PlayStation 4, Xbox OneEpic Games
Desert Bus VRWindowsDinosaur Games
2018We Happy FewWindows, PlayStation 4, Xbox OneCompulsion Games
EarthfallWindows, PlayStation 4, Xbox One, Nintendo SwitchHolospark
2019Trover Saves the UniverseSquanch Games
2020Risk of Rain 2Windows, Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, Xbox One, StadiaHopoo Games
GodfallWindows, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Xbox One, Xbox Series X/SCounterplay Games
2021Tribes of MidgardWindows, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Nintendo Switch, Xbox One, Xbox Series X/S Norsfell Games
2022[90] WindowsUnder The Stairs
2023BlancWindows, Nintendo SwitchCasus Ludi
Risk of Rain ReturnsWindows, Nintendo SwitchHopoo Games
Relic Hunters LegendWindowsRogue Snail
2024Homeworld 3[91] WindowsBlackbird Interactive
RKGK / RakugakiWindowsWabisabi Games

Gearbox Publishing San Francisco

See main article: article and Arc Games.

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Embracer Annual Report & Sustainability Report 2021-2022. July 10, 2022. July 8, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220708215526/https://embracer.com/year-in-brief-22/assets/pdf/Embracer-Annual-Report-and-Sustainability-Report-2022_EN.pdf. live.
  2. Web site: 1999-02-16 . Gearbox Software, L.L.C. :: Texas (US) :: OpenCorporates . 2024-05-27 . . May 27, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240527150519/https://opencorporates.com/companies/us_tx/0704731822 . live .
  3. Web site: Carcasole . David . 2024-06-12 . Take-Two Now Officially Owns Gearbox Entertainment As Acquisition Closes . 2024-06-12 . PlayStation Universe . en-US . June 12, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240612222422/https://www.psu.com/news/take-two-now-officially-owns-gearbox-entertainment-as-acquisition-completes/ . live .
  4. Web site: Gearbox is officially out from under Embracer Group . 2024-06-12 . www.gamedeveloper.com . en . June 12, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240612223056/https://www.gamedeveloper.com/business/gearbox-is-officially-out-from-under-embracer-group . live .
  5. Web site: Gearbox Official on Twitter: "It's our birthday! Gearbox Software was founded thirteen years ago on February 16, 1999." . Gearbox Software . February 16, 2012 . . May 11, 2019 . November 4, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221104020059/https://twitter.com/gearboxofficial/status/170187694733922304 . live .
  6. Web site: Joseph. Gelmis. New Life For Half-Life. Newsday. 127. April 12, 2000. February 5, 2022. Newspapers.com. November 4, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221104020053/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/94258396/newsday/. live.
  7. Web site: Thorsen . Tor . E3 06: Gearbox turning up Heat on next-gen consoles . . . August 2, 2009 . October 22, 2016 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20150608003119/http://www.gamespot.com/articles/e3-06-gearbox-turning-up-iheat-i-on-next-gen-consoles/1100-6150948/ . June 8, 2015.
  8. Web site: SEGA And Twentieth Century Fox Licensing & Merchandising To Bring Alien Franchise To Next-Gen Systems . gamesindustry.biz . December 11, 2006 . October 22, 2016 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20161023062136/http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/sega-and-twentieth-century-fox-licensing-merchandising-to-bring-alien-franchise-to-next-gen-systems . October 23, 2016.
  9. Web site: Robinson . Andy . What Happened To Gearbox Software's Heat? . . . August 17, 2007 . October 22, 2016 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20161022225418/http://www.gamesradar.com/what-happened-to-gearboxs-heat/ . October 22, 2016.
  10. Web site: 2K Runs For The Borderlands . . . August 17, 2007 . October 31, 2007 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20161022222707/http://www.kotaku.com.au/2007/08/2k_runs_for_the_borderlands/ . October 22, 2016.
  11. Web site: Samba De Amigo Announcement . . September 23, 2007 . October 22, 2016 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20160828130326/http://gonintendo.com/?p=25760 . August 28, 2016.
  12. Web site: Behind Borderlands' 11th-hour style change. Tor Thorsen. GameSpot. October 13, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141008153551/http://www.gamespot.com/articles/behind-borderlands-11th-hour-style-change/1100-6253257/. October 8, 2014. live.
  13. Web site: Gearbox Software's Randy Pitchford Talks Nintendo Switch, 'Overwatch' and Being Fearless . Matthew . Walden . January 25, 2017 . January 25, 2017 . . https://web.archive.org/web/20170125214649/http://www.glixel.com/interviews/randy-pitchford-on-switch-overwatch-and-being-fearless-w462836 . January 25, 2017 . live . mdy-all.
  14. Web site: 'Borderlands' Has 3,166,880 Different Weapons. Fruhstick. Russ. July 28, 2009. MTV Multiplayer. August 4, 2009. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20090731095451/http://multiplayerblog.mtv.com/2009/07/28/borderlands-has-3166880-different-weapons. July 31, 2009.
  15. Web site: Take-Two sales sink 12% in June quarter . Magrino . Tom . Makuch . Eddie . August 8, 2011 . . . August 10, 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110920141214/http://www.gamespot.com/news/6327818/take-two-sales-sink-12-in-june-quarter . September 20, 2011.
  16. Web site: How Gearbox broke the bank for Borderlands 2 . Wesley . Yin-Poole . September 14, 2012 . June 17, 2021 . . July 20, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190720103238/https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2012-09-11-how-gearbox-broke-the-bank-for-borderlands-2 . live .
  17. Web site: Pitcher . Jenna . Gearbox releasing remakes of Homeworld and Homeworld 2 for Windows PC . . . July 20, 2013 . October 22, 2016 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20160712064056/http://www.polygon.com/2013/7/20/4540132/gearbox-releasing-remakes-of-homeworld-and-homeworld-2-for-windows-pc . July 12, 2016. .
  18. Web site: Gearbox seeks removal from Aliens: Colonial Marines class action lawsuit . Andy . Chalk . . July 31, 2014 . June 13, 2015 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20150715225251/http://www.pcgamer.com/gearbox-seeks-removal-from-aliens-colonial-marines-class-action-lawsuit/ . July 15, 2015.
  19. Web site: Sarkar . Samit . Gearbox opens new studio in Quebec City . . . December 11, 2015 . October 22, 2016 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20160808152409/http://www.polygon.com/2015/12/11/9893502/gearbox-studio-quebec-city-canada . August 8, 2016.
  20. Web site: Therrien . Yves . Nouveau studio de jeux vidéos à Québec: 100 emplois créés(In French) . . December 11, 2015 . October 22, 2016 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20160206214441/http://www.lapresse.ca/le-soleil/affaires/techno/201512/11/01-4930195-nouveau-studio-de-jeux-videos-a-quebec-100-emplois-crees.php . February 6, 2016.
  21. How Gearbox Evolved From Developer To Publisher In Three Years . Robbie . Key . April 17, 2018 . . February 4, 2021 . November 4, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221104020100/https://www.gameinformer.com/b/features/archive/2018/04/17/how-gearbox-evolved-from-developer-to-publisher-in-three-years.aspx . dead .
  22. Web site: Bulletstorm remaster on the way from People Can Fly . Charlie . Hall . December 1, 2016 . February 3, 2021 . . September 25, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210925222812/https://www.polygon.com/2016/12/1/13814504/bulletstorm-remaster-release-date-pre-order . live .
  23. Web site: Randy Pitchford: The magic behind Gearbox's merger with Embracer Group . Dean . Takahashi . February 3, 2021 . February 3, 2021 . .
  24. Web site: THE GEARBOX ENTERTAINMENT COMPANY, INC. . . February 2, 2021 . November 4, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221104020058/https://opencorporates.com/companies/us_tx/0803307675 . live .
  25. Web site: Borderlands developer Gearbox acquired by Embracer Group in $1.3B deal . Michael . McWhertor . February 3, 2021 . February 3, 2021 . . February 3, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210203145406/https://www.polygon.com/2021/2/3/22264080/gearbox-software-acquired-embracer-group-thq-nordic . live .
  26. Web site: Gearbox Co-Founder Passes Away, Tributes Pour In From Around The World . Olivia . Harris . March 25, 2020 . March 25, 2020 . . March 26, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200326015034/https://www.gamespot.com/articles/gearbox-co-founder-passes-away-tributes-pour-in-fr/1100-6475240/ . live .
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  30. Web site: Gearbox Opens New Office In Montreal To Create "Groundbreaking Entertainment" . Eddie . Makuch . August 26, 2021 . August 26, 2021 . . August 26, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210826130519/https://www.gamespot.com/articles/gearbox-opens-new-office-in-montreal-to-create-groundbreaking-entertainment/1100-6495608/ . live .
  31. Web site: Gearbox's Randy Pitchford Steps Down As Gearbox Software President . Matt . Kim . October 6, 2021 . October 6, 2021 . . October 6, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211006223326/https://www.ign.com/articles/gearbox-software-new-president-steve-jones-randy-pitchford . live .
  32. Embracer Group Enters Into Agreement To Acquire Perfect World Entertainment . December 21, 2021 . December 21, 2021 . . December 21, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211221071959/https://embracer.com/release/embracer-group-enters-into-agreement-to-acquire-perfect-world-entertainment/ . live .
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  34. Web site: Gearbox to acquire Tiny Tina co-developer Lost Boys Interactive . James . Batchelor . April 21, 2022 . April 21, 2022 . . April 21, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220421101706/https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2022-04-21-gearbox-to-acquire-tiny-tina-co-developer-lost-boys-interactive . live .
  35. Web site: Gearbox acquires Risk of Rain IP . Matt . Wales . November 17, 2022 . November 17, 2022 . . November 18, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221118002228/https://www.eurogamer.net/gearbox-acquires-risk-of-rain-ip . live .
  36. Web site: Volition will become part of Gearbox after disappointing reception to Saints Row . Chris . Scullion . November 17, 2022 . November 17, 2022 . . November 17, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221117174203/https://www.videogameschronicle.com/news/volition-will-become-part-of-gearbox-after-disappointing-reception-to-saints-row/ . live .
  37. Web site: Eidos Shanghai becomes Gearbox Shanghai . Brendan . Sinclair . November 15, 2022 . November 17, 2022 . . November 15, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221115151558/https://www.gamesindustry.biz/eidos-shanghai-becomes-gearbox-shanghai . live .
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  41. Web site: Valentine . Rebekah . 2024-03-28 . Take-Two Buys Gearbox From Embracer, Confirms Development on New Borderlands Game . 2024-03-28 . IGN . en . March 28, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240328061535/https://www.ign.com/articles/take-two-buys-gearbox-from-embracer-confirms-development-on-new-borderlands-game . live .
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  46. Web site: Gearbox Software licenses Unreal Engine 3 . gamesindustry.biz . September 23, 2005 . October 22, 2016 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20161023061512/http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/gearbox-software-licenses-unreal-engine-3 . October 23, 2016.
  47. Brothers in Arms: Hell's Highway Announced . Gearbox Software, LLC. . October 22, 2016 . April 12, 2006 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20161023132921/http://www.gearboxsoftware.com/press_release/brothers-in-arms-hells-highway-announced/ . October 23, 2016.
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  55. Web site: Take-Two sues Duke Nukem Forever dev . May 18, 2009 . February 4, 2021 . .
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  88. Web site: 2024-03-28 . Take-Two Interactive Software, Inc. to Acquire The Gearbox Entertainment Company Inc., Developer of Highly Successful Borderlands Franchise . 2024-03-28 . www.businesswire.com . en . March 28, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240328065800/https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20240327928202/en/Take-Two-Interactive-Software-Inc.-to-Acquire-The-Gearbox-Entertainment-Company-Inc.-Developer-of-Highly-Successful-Borderlands-Franchise . live .
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