GeForce 700 series explained

GeForce 700 series
Architecture:	.
Model:	GeForce series
Model1:	GeForce GT series
Model2:	GeForce GTX series
Transistors1:	292M (GF119) 40 nm
Transistors2:	585M (GF117) 28 nm
Transistors3:	1.02B (GK208) 28 nm
Transistors4:	1.27B (GK107) 28 nm
Transistors5:	2.54B (GK106) 28 nm
Transistors6:	3.54B (GK104) 28 nm
Transistors7:	7.08B (GK110) 28 nm
Openglversion:	OpenGL 4.6
D3dversion:	Direct3D 11.0 (feature level 11_0)^[1] ^[2] Shader Model 6.7 (Maxwell), Shader Model 6.5 (Kepler) or Shader Model 5.1 (Fermi)
Openclversion:	OpenCL 3.0
Vulkanapi:	Vulkan 1.2^[3] SPIR-V
Predecessor:	GeForce 600 series
Variant:	GeForce 800M series
Successor:	GeForce 900 series
Support Status:	Fermi cards unsupported Security updates for Kepler until September 2024 Maxwell fully supported.

The GeForce 700 series (stylized as GEFORCE GTX 700 SERIES) is a series of graphics processing units developed by Nvidia. While mainly a refresh of the Kepler microarchitecture (GK-codenamed chips), some cards use Fermi (GF) and later cards use Maxwell (GM). GeForce 700 series cards were first released in 2013, starting with the release of the GeForce GTX Titan on February 19, 2013, followed by the GeForce GTX 780 on May 23, 2013. The first mobile GeForce 700 series chips were released in April 2013.

Overview

GK110 was designed and marketed with computational performance in mind. It contains 7.1 billion transistors. This model also attempts to maximise energy efficiency through the execution of as many tasks as possible in parallel according to the capabilities of its streaming processors.

With GK110, increases in memory space and bandwidth for both the register file and the L2 cache over previous models, are seen. At the SMX level, GK110's register file space has increased to 256KB composed of 64K 32bit registers, as compared to Fermi's 32K 32bit registers totaling 128 KB. As for the L2 cache, GK110 L2 cache space increased by up to 1.5MB, 2x as big as GF110. Both the L2 cache and register file bandwidth have also doubled.Performance in register-starved scenarios is also improved as there are more registers available to each thread. This goes in hand with an increase of total number of registers each thread can address, moving from 63 registers per thread to 255 registers per thread with GK110.

With GK110, Nvidia also reworked the GPU texture cache to be used for compute. With 48KB in size, in compute the texture cache becomes a read-only cache, specializing in unaligned memory access workloads. Furthermore, error detection capabilities have been added to make it safer for use with workloads that rely on ECC.^[4]

Dynamic Super Resolution (DSR) was added to Kepler GPUs with the latest Nvidia drivers.^[5]

Architecture

See main article: Fermi (microarchitecture), Kepler (microarchitecture) and Maxwell (microarchitecture).

The GeForce 700 series contains features from both GK104 and GK110. Kepler based members of the 700 series add the following standard features to the GeForce family.

Derived from GK104:

• PCI Express 3.0 interface
• DisplayPort 1.2
• HDMI 1.4a 4K x 2K video output
• Purevideo VP5 hardware video acceleration (up to 4K x 2K H.264 decode)
• Hardware H.264 encoding acceleration block (NVENC)
• Support for up to 4 independent 2D displays, or 3 stereoscopic/3D displays (NV Surround)
• Bindless Textures
• GPU Boost
• TXAA
• Manufactured by TSMC on a 28 nm process

New Features from GK110:

• Compute Focus SMX Improvement
• CUDA Compute Capability 3.5
• New Shuffle Instructions
• Dynamic Parallelism
• Hyper-Q (Hyper-Q's MPI functionality reserve for Tesla only)
• Grid Management Unit
• Nvidia GPUDirect (GPU Direct's RDMA functionality reserve for Tesla & Quadro only)
• GPU-Boost 2.0

Compute focus SMX improvement

With GK110, Nvidia opted to increase computational performance. The single biggest change from GK104 is that rather than 8 dedicated FP64 CUDA cores, GK110 has up to 64, giving it 8x the FP64 throughput of a GK104 SMX. The SMX also sees an increase in space for register file. Register file space has increased to 256KB compared to Fermi. The texture cache are also improved. With a 48KB space, the texture cache can become a read-only cache for compute workloads.

New shuffle Instructions

At a low level, GK110 sees additional instructions and operations to further improve performance. New shuffle instructions allow for threads within a warp to share data without going back to memory, making the process much quicker than the previous load/share/store method. Atomic operations are also overhauled, speeding up the execution speed of atomic operations and adding some FP64 operations that were previously only available for FP32 data.

NVENC

See main article: Nvidia NVENC.

Hyper-Q

Hyper-Q expands GK110 hardware work queues from 1 to 32. The significance of this being that having a single work queue meant that Fermi could be under occupied at times as there wasn't enough work in that queue to fill every SM. By having 32 work queues, GK110 can in many scenarios, achieve higher utilization by being able to put different task streams on what would otherwise be an idle SMX. The simple nature of Hyper-Q is further reinforced by the fact that it's easily map to MPI, a common message passing interface frequently used in HPC. As legacy MPI-based algorithms that were originally designed for multi-CPU systems that became bottlenecked by false dependencies now have a solution. By increasing the number of MPI jobs, it's possible to utilize Hyper-Q on these algorithms to improve the efficiency all without changing the code itself.

Microsoft DirectX support

Nvidia Kepler GPUs of the GeForce 700 series fully support DirectX 11.0.

Dynamic parallelism

Dynamic parallelism ability is for kernels to be able to dispatch other kernels. With Fermi, only the CPU could dispatch a kernel, which incurs a certain amount of overhead by having to communicate back to the CPU. By giving kernels the ability to dispatch their own child kernels, GK110 can both save time by not having to go back to the CPU, and in the process free up the CPU to work on other tasks.

Products

GeForce 700 (7xx) series

The GeForce 700 series was designed for desktop architecture. Cheaper and lower performing products were expected to be released over time. Kepler supports 11.1 features with 11_0 feature level through the DirectX 11.1 API, however Nvidia did not enable four non-gaming features in Hardware in Kepler (for 11_1).^{[6] [7]}

• ¹ Shader Processors : Texture mapping units : Render output units
• ² Pixel fillrate is calculated as the number of ROPs multiplied by the base core clock speed
• ³ Texture fillrate is calculated as the number of TMUs multiplied by the base core clock speed.
• ⁴ Single precision performance is calculated as 2 times the number of shaders multiplied by the base core clock speed.
• ⁵ Double precision performance of the GTX Titan and GTX Titan Black is either 1/3 or 1/24 of single-precision performance depending on a user-selected configuration option in the driver that boosts single-precision performance if double-precision is set to 1/24 of single-precision performance,^[8] while other Kepler chips' double precision performance is fixed at 1/24 of single-precision performance.^[9] GeForce 700 series Maxwell chips' double precision performance is 1/32 of single-precision performance.^[10]
• ⁶ SLI supports connecting up to 4 identical graphics cards for a 4-way SLI configuration. Those supporting 4-way SLI can support 3-way & 2-way SLI, however a dual-GPU card already implements 2-way SLI internally, thus only 2 dual-GPU cards can be used in SLI to give a 4-way SLI configuration.

GeForce 700M (7xxM) series

Some implementations may use different specifications.

• ¹ Unified shaders : Texture mapping units : Render output units

Model	Launch	Code name	Fab (nm)	Bus interface	Core config^1	Clock speed			Fillrate		Memory				API support (version)				Processing power^2 (GFLOPS)	TDP (watts)	Notes
						Core (MHz)	Shader (MHz)	Memory (MT/s)	Pixel (GP/s)	Texture (GT/s)	Size (MB)	Bandwidth (GB/s)	Type	Bus width (bit)	DirectX	OpenGL	OpenCL	Vulkan
GeForce 705M^[11]	June 1, 2013	GF119	40	PCIe 2.0 x16	48:8:4	775	1550	1800	1.48	5.9	up to 2048	?	DDR3	64	12.0 (11_0)	4.6	1.1	1.3	141.7	12	Rebadged 520M
GeForce 710M^[12]	April 1, 2013	GF117	28		96:16:4	775	1550	1800	3.1	12.4	up to 2048	14.4		64					297.6	15
GeForce GT 720M^[13]	April 1, 2013				96:16:4	800	1600	1600	2.5	10	up to 2048	12.8		64					240	33
December 25, 2013	GK208	192:16:8			800		2.9		11.5	1.2							276		33
GeForce GT 730M^[14]	April 1, 2013	GK107		PCIe 3.0 x16	384:32:16	725	725	1800	5.8	23	up to 2048	14.4 – 64.0	DDR3 GDDR5	128			1.1		552.2	33
March 6, 2014	GK208	PCIe 2.0 x8		384:16:8	5.8				11.5	64
GeForce GT 735M^[15]		April 1, 2013		PCIe 2.0 x8	384:32:8	889	889	2000	4.6	9.2	up to 2048	16.0	DDR3	64			1.2		441.6	33
GeForce GT 740M^[16]	April 1, 2013	GK107		PCIe 3.0 x16	384:32:16	810-1033	810-1033	1800/3600	6.48	25.9	up to 2048	14.4 – 57.6	DDR3 GDDR5	128			1.1		622.1	45
June 20, 2013	GK208	PCIe 3.0 x8		384:32:8	980-1033	980-1033	8.3		33.1	64				1.2			752.6		33
GeForce GT 745M^[17]	April 1, 2013	GK107		PCIe 3.0 x16	384:32:16	837	837	2000 – 5000	4.39	17.6	up to 2048	32.0 – 80.0					128		642.8	45
GeForce GT 750M^[18]	April 1, 2013				384:32:16	967	967	2000 – 5000	7.53	30.1	up to 4096	32 – 80		128			1.1		722.7	50
GeForce GT 755M^[19]					384:32:16	1020	1020	5400	15.7	31.4	up to 2048	86.4	GDDR5	128					752.6	50
GeForce GTX 760M^[20]	May 30, 2013	GK106			768:64:16	657	657	4008	10	40.2	2048	64.1		128					964.6	55
GeForce GTX 765M^[21]	May 30, 2013				768:64:16	850	850	4008	12.8	51	2048	64.1		128			1.2		1224	75
GeForce GTX 770M^[22]	May 30, 2013				960:80:24	811	811	4008	14.1	56.5	3072	96.2		192					1356	75
GeForce GTX 780M^[23]	May 30, 2013	GK104			1536:128:32	823	823	5000	24.7	98.7	4096	160.0		256					2369	100

Chipset table

GeForce 700 (7xx) series

Model	Launch	Code name	Fab (nm)	Transistors (million)	Die size (mm^2)	Bus interface	SMX count	Core config	Clock rate				Fillrate		Memory configuration				Supported API version				Processing power (GFLOPS)		TDP (Watts)	Release Price (USD)
									Base (MHz)	Average Boost (MHz)	Max Boost (MHz)	Memory (MHz)	Pixel (GP/s)	Texture (GT/s)	Size (MB)	Bandwidth (GB/s)	DRAM type	Bus width (bit)	Vulkan	Direct3D	OpenGL	OpenCL	Single precision	Double precision
GeForce GT 705^[24]	March 27, 2014	GF119-300-A1	TSMC 40 nm	292	79	PCIe 2.0 x16	1	48:8:4	810			898 (1796)	3.24	6.5	512 1024	14.4	DDR3	64	n/a	12	4.6	1.1	155.5	19.4	29	OEM
GeForce GT 710^[25]		GK208-301-A1	TSMC 28 nm	1020	79	PCIe 2.0 x8		192:16:8	823			900 (1800)	6.6	13.2	512			64	1.2			1.2	316.0	13.2
	January 26, 2016	GK208-203-B1				PCIe 2.0 x8, PCIe x1		192:16:8	954			900 (1800) 1253 (5010)	7.6	15.3	1024 2048	14.4 40.0	DDR3 GDDR5						366	15.3	19	$35–45
GeForce GT 720^[26]	March 27, 2014	GK208-201-B1				PCIe 2.0 x8		192:16:8	797			900 (1800) 1253 (5010)	6.4	12.8	1024 2048	14.4 40.0							306	12.8		$49–59
GeForce GT 730 ^[27]	June 18, 2014	GK208-301-A1					2	384:16:8	902			900 (1800)	7.22	14.44	1024^[28] 2048 4096	14.4	DDR3						692.7	28.9	23	$69–79
		GK208-400-A1						384:16:8	902			1250 (5000)	7.22	14.44	1024 2048^[29]	40.0	GDDR5								25
		GF108	TSMC 40 nm	585	116	PCIe 2.0 x16		96:16:4	700			900 (1800)	2.8	11.0	1024 2048 4096	28.8	DDR3	128	n/a			1.1	268.8	33.6	49
GeForce GT 740	May 29, 2014	GK107-425-A2	TSMC 28HP	1270	118	PCIe 3.0 x16		384:32:16	993			891 (1782)	15.9	31.8		28.5		128	1.2			1.2	762.6	31.8	64	$89–99
								384:32:16	993			1252 (5008)	15.9	31.8		80.1	GDDR5
GeForce GTX 745	February 18, 2014	GM107-220-A2		1870	148		3	384:24:16	1033			900 (1800)	16.5	24.8	1024 4096	28.8	DDR3		1.3				793.3	24.8	55	OEM
GeForce GTX 750		GM107-300-A2					4	512:32:16	1020	1085	1163	1250 (5000)	16.3	32.6	1024 2048 4096^[30]	80	GDDR5						1044.5	32.6		$119
GeForce GTX 750 Ti		GM107-400-A2					5	640:40:16	1020	1085	1200	1350 (5400)	16.3	40.8	1024 2048 4096	86.4							1305.6	40.8	60	$149
GeForce GTX 760 192-bit	October 17, 2013	GK104-200-KD-A2		3540	294		6	1152:96:24	824	888	889	1450 (5800)	19.8	79.1	1536 3072	139.2		192	1.2				1896.2	79.0	130	OEM
GeForce GTX 760	June 25, 2013	GK104-225-A2						1152:96:32	980	1033	1124	1502 (6008)	31.4	94	2048 4096	192.3		256					2257.9	94.1	170	$249 ($219)
GeForce GTX 760 Ti	September 27, 2013^[31]	GK104					7	1344:112:32	915	980	1084	1502 (6008)	29.3	102.5	2048	192.3							2459.5	102.5		OEM
GeForce GTX 770	May 30, 2013	GK104-425-A2					8	1536:128:32	1046	1085	1130	1752.5 (7010)	33.5	134	2048 4096	224							3213.3	133.9	230	$399 ($329)
GeForce GTX 780	May 23, 2013	GK110-300-A1		7080	561		12	2304:192:48	863	900	1002	1502 (6008)	41.4	160.5	3072 6144^[32]	288.4		384					3976.7	165.7		$649 ($499)
GeForce GTX 780 Ti^[33] ^[34] ^[35]	November 7, 2013	GK110-425-B1					15	2880:240:48	876	928	1019	1752.5 (7010)	42.0	210.2	3072	336.5							5045.7	210.2		$699
GeForce GTX TITAN^[36] ^[37] ^[38]	February 21, 2013	GK110-400-A1					14	2688:224:48	837	876	993	1502 (6008)	40.2	187.5	6144	288.4							4499.7	1300^[39] -1499.9		$999
GeForce GTX TITAN Black	February 18, 2014	GK110-430-B1					15	2880:240:48	889	980	1058	1752.5 (7010)	42.7	213.4		336.5							5120.6	1706.9
GeForce GTX TITAN Z	May 28, 2014	2x GK110-350-B1^[40]		2x 7080	2x 561		2x 15	2x 2880:240:48	705	876		1752.5 (7010)	2x 33.8	2x 169	2x 6144	2x 336.5		2x 384			4.5		5046x2	1682x2^[41]	375	$2999
Model	Launch	Code name	Fab (nm)	Transistors (million)	Die size (mm^2)	Bus interface	SMX count	Core config	Clock rate				Fillrate		Memory configuration				Supported API version				Processing power (GFLOPS)		TDP (Watts)	Release Price (USD)
									Base (MHz)	Average Boost (MHz)	Max Boost (MHz)	Memory (MHz)	Pixel (GP/s)	Texture (GT/s)	Size (MB)	Bandwidth (GB/s)	DRAM type	Bus width (bit)	Vulkan	Direct3D	OpenGL	OpenCL	Single precision	Double precision

Discontinued support

Nvidia stopped releasing 32-bit drivers for 32-bit operating systems after the last Release 390.x driver, 391.35, was released in March 2018.^[42]

Kepler notebook GPUs moved to legacy support in April 2019 and stopped receiving security updates in April 2020.^[43] All notebook GPUs from the 7xxM family were affected by this change.

Nvidia announced that after Release 470 drivers, it would transition driver support for the Windows 7 and Windows 8.1 operating systems to legacy status and continue to provide critical security updates for these operating systems through September 2024.^[44]

Nvidia announced that all remaining Kepler desktop GPUs would transition to legacy support from September 2021 onwards and be supported for critical security updates through September 2024.^[45] The Nvidia GeForce GTX 745, 750 and 750 Ti from the 7xx desktop GPU family would not be affected by this change.

In Windows the last driver to fully support CUDA with 64-Bit Compute Capability 3.5 for Kepler in Windows 7 and Windows 8.1 64-bit is 388.71,tested with latest CUDA-Z and GPU-Z, after that driver, the 64-Bit CUDA support becomes broken for GeForce 700 series GK110 with Kepler architecture.

The last driver where monitor type detection is working properly on Windows XP is 352.86.^[46]

See also

• GeForce 400 series
• GeForce 500 series
• GeForce 600 series
• GeForce 800M series
• GeForce 900 series
• GeForce 10 series
• Nvidia Quadro
• Nvidia Tesla

External links

• GK110/GK210 Architecture Whitepaper
• GTX 750 Ti Whitepaper
• Introducing GeForce GTX TITAN Z: Ultimate Power
• Introducing the GeForce GTX TITAN
• Introducing The GeForce GTX 780 Ti: The Best Gaming GPU on the Planet
• Introducing The GeForce GTX 780
• Introducing The GeForce GTX 770
• Introducing The GeForce GTX 760: A Mid-Range GPU With High-End Features
• GeForce GTX 750 Class GPUs: Serious Gaming, Incredible Value
• Introducing Our New GeForce GTX 700M, Kepler-Powered Notebook GPUs
• GeForce GTX TITAN Z
• GeForce GTX TITAN BLACK
• GeForce GTX TITAN
• GeForce GTX 780 Ti
• GeForce GTX 780
• GeForce GTX 770
• GeForce GTX 760 Ti (OEM)
• GeForce GTX 760
• GeForce GTX 760 192-bit(OEM)
• GeForce GTX 750 Ti
• GeForce GTX 750
• GeForce GT 740
• http://www.geforce.com/hardware/desktop-gpus/geforce-gtx-745-oem
• GeForce GT 730
• GeForce GX 780M
• GeForce GX 770M
• GeForce GX 765M
• GeForce GX 760M
• GeForce GT 750M
• GeForce GT 745M
• GeForce GT 740M
• GeForce GT 735M
• GeForce GT 730M
• A New Dawn
• Nvidia Nsight
• TechPowerUp! GPU Database

Notes and References

1. News: Kowaliski . Cyril . March 21, 2014 . DirectX 12 will also add new features for next-gen GPUs . The Tech Report . April 1, 2014 .
2. News: Hassan . Mujtaba. AMD Confirms GCN Cards Don't Feature Full DirectX 12 Support – Feature Level 11_1 on GCN 1.0, Feature Level 12_0 on GCN 1.1/1.2. WCCFtech . June 5, 2015 . June 8, 2015.
3. Web site: Vulkan Driver Support . . February 10, 2016 . April 25, 2018.
4. Web site: NVIDIA Launches Tesla K20 & K20X: GK110 Arrives At Last . November 12, 2012 . AnandTech.
5. Web site: GeForce Game Ready Driver For Civilization: Beyond Earth & Lords Of The Fallen Available Now. geforce.com. April 18, 2018.
6. Web site: NVIDIA Kepler not fully compliant with DirectX 11.1. Guru3D.com. April 18, 2018. December 22, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151222113454/http://www.guru3d.com/news_story/nvidia_kepler_not_fully_compliant_with_directx_11_1.html. dead.
7. http://www.brightsideofnews.com/news/2012/11/21/nvidia-doesnt-fully-support-directx-111-with-kepler-gpus2c-bute280a6.aspx Nvidia Doesn't Fully Support DirectX 11.1 with Kepler GPUs, But… - Bright Side Of News
8. Web site: GK110: The True Tank - Nvidia GeForce GTX Titan 6 GB: GK110 On A Gaming Card. February 19, 2013. tomshardware.com. April 18, 2018.
9. Web site: Nvidia GeForce GTX 780 Ti Review: GK110, Fully Unlocked. November 7, 2013. tomshardware.com. April 18, 2018.
10. News: Smith . Ryan . T S . Ganesh . February 18, 2014 . The NVIDIA GeForce GTX 750 Ti and GTX 750 Review: Maxwell Makes Its Move . . 5 . February 18, 2014.
11. Web site: NVIDIA GeForce 705M. notebookcheck.net. April 18, 2018.
12. Web site: GeForce 710M - Specifications - GeForce. www.geforce.com. April 18, 2018.
13. Web site: GeForce GT 720M - Specifications - GeForce. www.geforce.com. April 18, 2018.
14. Web site: GeForce GT 730M - Specifications - GeForce. www.geforce.com. April 18, 2018.
15. Web site: GeForce GT 735M - Specifications - GeForce. www.geforce.com. April 18, 2018.
16. Web site: GeForce GT 740M - Specifications - GeForce. www.geforce.com. April 18, 2018.
17. Web site: GeForce GT 745M - Specifications - GeForce. www.geforce.com. April 18, 2018.
18. Web site: GeForce GT 750M - Specifications - GeForce. www.geforce.com. April 18, 2018.
19. Web site: GeForce GT 755M - Specifications - GeForce. www.geforce.com. April 18, 2018.
20. Web site: GeForce GTX 760M - Specifications - GeForce. www.geforce.com. April 18, 2018.
21. Web site: GeForce GTX 765M - Specifications - GeForce. www.geforce.com. April 18, 2018.
22. Web site: GeForce GTX 770M - Specifications - GeForce. www.geforce.com. April 18, 2018.
23. Web site: GeForce GTX 780M - Specifications - GeForce. www.geforce.com. April 18, 2018.
24. Web site: Nvidia GeForce GT 705 techPowerUp GPU Database . Techpowerup.com . 2015-12-11 . https://archive.today/20140615091732/http://www.techpowerup.com/gpudb/2578/geforce-gt-705.html . 2014-06-15 . live .
25. Web site: Nvidia GeForce GT 710 techPowerUp GPU Database . Techpowerup.com . 2015-12-11 . https://archive.today/20140615091722/http://www.techpowerup.com/gpudb/1990/geforce-gt-710.html . 2014-06-15 . live .
26. Web site: Nvidia GeForce GT 720 techPowerUp GPU Database . Techpowerup.com . 2015-12-11 . https://archive.today/20140615091724/http://www.techpowerup.com/gpudb/1989/geforce-gt-720.html . 2014-06-15 . live .
27. Web site: GT 730 Specifications . GeForce.com . 2015-12-11 . https://web.archive.org/web/20151212232644/http://www.geforce.com/hardware/desktop-gpus/geforce-gt-730/specifications . 2015-12-12 . live .
28. Web site: GeForce GT 730 1GB-ZOTAC. ZOTAC. July 12, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20160719212714/https://www.zotac.com/product/graphics_card/gt-730-1gb. July 19, 2016. live.
29. Web site: EVGA - Products - EVGA GeForce GT 730 2GB (Low Profile) - 02G-P3-3733-KR . 2017-04-29 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170215122047/http://www.evga.com/Products/Product.aspx?pn=02G-P3-3733-KR . 2017-02-15 . live .
30. Web site: AFOX GTX 750 4 GB Specs. 2021-08-11. TechPowerUp. en.
31. Web site: NVIDIA GeForce GTX 760 Ti OEM Specs . 2018-08-06 . https://archive.today/20160530101755/http://www.techpowerup.com/gpudb/2491/geforce-gtx-760-ti-oem . 2016-05-30 . live .
32. Web site: Articles - EVGA GeForce GTX 780 6GB Step-Up Available Now! . EVGA . 2014-03-21 . 2015-12-11 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160113203734/http://www.evga.com/articles/00830/ . 2016-01-13 . live .
33. Web site: GeForce GTX780 Ti. Specifications . Geforce.com . 2015-12-11 . https://web.archive.org/web/20151212021141/http://www.geforce.com/hardware/desktop-gpus/geforce-gtx-780-ti/specifications . 2015-12-12 . live .
34. Web site: Nvidia GeForce GTX 780 Ti has 2880 CUDA cores . Videocardz.com . 31 October 2013 . 2015-12-11 . https://web.archive.org/web/20151222120538/http://videocardz.com/47508/videocardz-nvidia-geforce-gtx-780-ti-2880-cuda-cores . 2015-12-22 . live .
35. Web site: PNY dévoile son nouveau foudre de guerre: la GeForce GTX 780 TI. . Web-engage.augure.com . 2015-12-11 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20131109211440/http://web-engage.augure.com/pub/link/282593/04601926874847631383752919307-hl-com.com.html . November 9, 2013 .
36. Web site: GeForce GTX TITAN . Geforce.com . 2015-12-11 . https://web.archive.org/web/20151205173714/http://www.geforce.com/hardware/desktop-gpus/geforce-gtx-titan . 2015-12-05 . live .
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