| Gawar-Bati | |
| Also Known As: | Narsati |
| States: | Afghanistan, Pakistan |
| Region: | Kunar,province, Chitral |
| Speakers: | 75,000 |
| Date: | 2017–2024 |
| Ref: | e25 |
| Familycolor: | Indo-European |
| Fam2: | Indo-Iranian |
| Fam3: | Indo-Aryan |
| Fam4: | Dardic |
| Fam5: | Kunar |
| Iso3: | gwt |
| Glotto: | gawa1247 |
| Glottorefname: | Gawar-Bati |
Gawar-Bati or Narsati is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in the Kunar, Nari of Eastern Afghanistan, and across the border in Pakistan, It is also known as Kohistani in Kunar. Gawar-Bati has estimated speakers of 75,000. 5,0000 of them are living in,Kunar,Nari,Afghanistan and 25,000 of them are in Chitral, Pakistan.
The Gawar-Bati language has not been given serious study by linguists, except that it is mentioned by George Morgenstierne (1926) and Kendall Decker (1992).
It is classified as an Indo-Aryan language of the Dardic subgroup. However, the term Dardic is not linguistic but merely geographic.[1]
The following tables set out the phonology of the Gawar-Bati language:[2]
| Front | Central | Back | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Close | pronounced as /i iː/ | pronounced as /u uː/ | ||
| Mid | pronounced as /(e) eː/ | pronounced as /(o) oː/ | ||
| Open | pronounced as /a aː/ |
The status of short /e/ and /o/ is unclear.
A breathy voiced series, /bʱ dʱ gʱ/, existed recently in older speakers—and may still do so.
| Labial | Coronal | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | pronounced as /m/ | pronounced as /n/ | pronounced as /ɳ/ | |||||
| Stop | voiceless | pronounced as /p/ | pronounced as /t/ | pronounced as /ʈ/ | pronounced as /k/ | |||
| voiced | pronounced as /b/ | pronounced as /d/ | pronounced as /ɖ/ | pronounced as /ɡ/ | ||||
| aspirated | pronounced as /pʰ [pf f]/ | pronounced as /tʰ/ | pronounced as /ʈʰ/ | pronounced as /kʰ/ | ||||
| Affricate | voiceless | pronounced as /ts/ | pronounced as /tʂ/ | pronounced as /tʃ/ | ||||
| voiced | pronounced as /dz/ | pronounced as /dʐ/ | pronounced as /dʒ/ | |||||
| aspirated | pronounced as /tsʰ/ | pronounced as /tʂʰ/ | pronounced as /tʃʰ/ | |||||
| Fricative | voiceless | pronounced as /s/ | pronounced as /ʂ/ | pronounced as /ʃ/ | pronounced as /x/ | pronounced as /h/ | ||
| voiced | pronounced as /z/ | pronounced as /ʐ/ | pronounced as /ʒ/ | pronounced as /ɣ/ | ||||
| Approximant | pronounced as /j/ | pronounced as /w/ | ||||||
| Lateral | plain | pronounced as /l/ | ||||||
| Fricative | pronounced as /ɬ ~ l̥/ | |||||||
| Rhotic | pronounced as /r/ | pronounced as /ɽ/ | ||||||
It is rarely written. This alphabet is used in Pakistan:[3]
| Letter | ا | ب | پ | ت | ٹ | ث | ج | چ | ح | خ | ڄ | ݮ | څ | ځ | د | ڈ | ذ | ر | ڑ | ز | ژ | ݫ | س |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Transliteration | ā, Ø | b | p | t | ṭ | s | ǰ | č | h | x | c̣ | j̣ | c | j | d | ḍ | z | r | ṛ | z | ẓ | ž | s |
| IPA | [aː], Ø | [b] | [p] | [t] | [ʈ] | [s] | [d͡ʒ] | [t͡ʃ] | [h] | [x] | [ʈ͡ʂ] | [ɖ͡ʐ] | [t͡s] | [d͡z] | [d] | [ɖ] | [z] | [r~ɾ] | [ɽ] | [z] | [ʐ] | [ʒ] | [s] |
| Letter | ش | ݭ | ص | ض | ط | ظ | ع | غ | ف | ق | ک | گ | ل | ݪ | م | ن | ݨ | ں | ه | ء | و | ی | ے |
| Transliteration | š | ṣ | s | z | t | z | ʔ | ǧ | f | q | k | g | l | ł | m | n | ṇ | ˜ | h | ʔ | w, ū, o | y, ī | e |
| IPA | [ʃ] | [ʂ] | [s] | [z] | [t] | [z] | [ʔ] | [ɣ] | [f] | [q] | [k] | [ɡ] | [l] | [ɬ~l] | [m] | [n] | [ɳ] | [˜] | [h] | [ʔ] | [w], [uː], [oː] | [j], [iː] | [eː] |
| Letter | تھ | پھ | ٹھ | چھ | ڄھ | څھ | کھ | َ | ِ | ُ | |||||||||||||
| Transliteration | th | ph | ṭh | čh | c̣h | ch | kh | a | i | u | |||||||||||||
| IPA | [tʰ] | [pʰ] | [ʈʰ] | [t͡ʃʰ] | [ʈ͡ʂʰ] | [t͡sʰ] | [kʰ] | [a] | [i] | [u] |