| Building Name: | Church of the Icon of the Mother of God Joy of All Who Sorrow Russian: Церковь Иконы Божией Матери Всех Скорбящих Радость |
| Location: | 1, Saint Petersburg |
| Religious Affiliation: | Russian Orthodox |
| Website: | www.lavra.spb.ru |
| Architect: | Ivan Starov |
| Architecture Style: | Neoclassicism |
| Groundbreaking: | 1784 |
| Year Completed: | 1786 |
The Gate Church (Russian: Надвратная церковь ), or formally the Church of the Icon of the Mother of God Joy of All Who Sorrow (Russian: Церковь Иконы Божией Матери Всех Скорбящих Радость) is a Russian Orthodox church in Saint Petersburg. It is in the and is part of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra.
Prior to the building of the church, from 1725, the gate from the Nevsky Prospect included a two-tiered bell tower with clock.[1] Between 1753 and 1754, a new wooden bell tower was erected and the bells and clock from the old tower were installed in it.[2]
The church was built as part of the development of the main entrance to the monastery from Nevsky Prospect. Designed by architect Ivan Starov in 1783, it envisaged a wall marking the boundary of the monastery, with access through a gate church, decorated with Doric pilasters and topped with a low dome.[2] [3] Construction of the church took place from 1784 to 1785 under the auspices of M.E. Melentyev, with the interior finishing carried out between autumn 1785 and spring 1786. By one account, the icons were brought from the private chapel of Prince Grigory Potemkin.[1] [2]
The church was consecrated on 15 July 1786, dedicated to the icon of the Mother of God "Joy of All Who Sorrow".[2] [3] Two two-storey residential buildings, today Nevsky Prospect Numbers 177 and 190, and a one-storey poorhouse, were built on the western side of Alexander Nevsky Square between 1788 and 1789, completing the ensemble. On 1 July 1800, the decreed that the church would function as a parish for artisans serving the Lavra, and for those who rented space along the Kalashnikovskaya Embankment from the monastery.[3]
In 1806, the church’s walls were painted; and in 1860, repairs were carried out under the supervision of .[2] [4] In 1904, by authorisation of the Most Holy Synod, the Gate Church hosted a Latvian parish.[3] Services and ceremonies were performed in the Latvian language, and the church hosted a library of books and periodicals, until the Latvian parish was dissolved in 1918. The church was closed in October 1931, and in the 1930s, housed the district council of the, abbreviated as OSOAVIAKHIM (Russian: ОСОАВИАХИМ).[2] [3]
The church underwent restoration after the siege of Leningrad, between 1949 and 1950, and was used as offices by the directorship of the .[2] [3]
The building was returned to the Orthodox Church on 15 April 1994.[2] [3] [4] In September 1997, Bishop consecrated a chapel in the left wing of the church in the name of the icon of the Mother of God "Joy of All Who Sorrow".[3] On 23 September 2014, the church was re-consecrated by the Metropolitan of St. Petersburg and Ladoga Varsonofy Sudakov, and the first Divine Liturgy was held.[3]