Gaspar de Molina y Oviedo (1679–1744) was a Spanish cardinal.
He entered the Order of Saint Augustine in 1694, professing the following year in a convent in Badajoz.He was a professor at the Colegio de San Acacio, of the Augustinians of Seville, prior of Cádiz in 1712, provincial and general assistant of his order in 1720.
He was appointed Bishop of Cuba in 1730, of Barcelona in 1731 and of Malaga in 1734, although he did not exercise in any of these dioceses because he was in Madrid carrying out various political positions at the service of Felipe V. Among his positions at court, from 1734 until his death he held the presidency of the Council of Castile and that of the Council and Commissariat of the Crusade.
In 1737 he was made a Cardinal by Pope Clement XII. He died suddenly at the age of 65, and was buried in the Convent of San Felipe el Real de Madrid