Gary Ridgway Explained

Gary Ridgway
Birth Name:Gary Leon Ridgway
Alias:The Green River Killer
Birth Date:18 February 1949
Birth Place:Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.
Children:1[1]
Victims:49 convicted
71–90+ confessed and suspected
Country:United States
States:Washington, Oregon
Beginyear:1982
Endyear:1998confirmed(possiblyasrecentas2001)
Apprehended:November 30, 2001
Conviction:
Sentence:49 life sentences without the possibility of parole
Spouse:
    Imprisoned:Washington State Penitentiary

    Gary Leon Ridgway (born February 18, 1949) is an American serial killer known as the Green River Killer. He was initially convicted of 48 separate murders committed between the early 1980s and late 1990s. As part of his plea bargain, another conviction was added, bringing the total number of convictions to 49, making him the second-most prolific serial killer in United States history according to confirmed murders.[2]

    Most of Ridgway's victims were alleged to be sex workers and other women in vulnerable circumstances, including underage runaways. Before his identity was known, the media gave him his nickname after the first five victims were found in the Green River.[3] He strangled his victims, usually by hand but sometimes using ligatures. After strangling them, he would dump their bodies in forested and overgrown areas in King County, often returning to the bodies to engage in acts of necrophilia.[4]

    Ridgway had been a suspect in the murders since 1982; however, investigators were unable to link him to the murders at that time. Later advances in DNA profiling allowed investigators to definitively link Ridgway to the murders, and he was arrested on November 30, 2001, as he was leaving the Kenworth truck factory where he worked in Renton, Washington. As part of a plea bargain wherein he agreed to disclose the locations of still-missing women, he was spared the death penalty and received a sentence of life imprisonment without the possibility of parole.

    Early life

    Gary Ridgway was born on February 18, 1949, in Salt Lake City, Utah, the second of Mary and Thomas Ridgway's three sons. His home life was somewhat troubled; relatives have described his mother as domineering and have said that, while young, he witnessed more than one violent argument between his parents. His father was a bus driver who would often complain about the presence of sex workers.[5]

    Ridgway had a bed-wetting problem until he was 13, and his mother would forcefully wash his genitals after every episode.[6] He would later tell defense psychologists that, as an adolescent, he had conflicting feelings of anger and sexual attraction toward his mother, and fantasized about killing her.[7] [6]

    Ridgway is dyslexic, and was held back a year in high school.[5] When he was 16, he stabbed a six-year-old boy, who survived the attack. Ridgway had led the boy into the woods and then stabbed him through the ribs into his liver.[8] Ridgway's IQ was recorded as being in the "low eighties".

    Adult life

    Ridgway graduated from Tyee High School in 1969 and married his 19-year-old high school girlfriend, Claudia Kraig. He joined the United States Navy[8] and was sent to Vietnam, where he served on board a supply ship[9] and saw combat.[5] During his time in the military, Ridgway had frequent sexual intercourse with sex workers and contracted gonorrhea; although angered by this, he continued this activity without protection. The marriage ended within a year.[8]

    When questioned about Ridgway after his arrest, friends and family described him as friendly but strange. His first two marriages resulted in divorce because of infidelities by both partners. His second wife, Marcia Winslow, claimed that he had placed her in a chokehold.[5] He became religious during his second marriage, proselytizing door-to-door, reading the Bible aloud at work and at home, and insisting that his wife follow the strict teachings of their pastor.[8] Ridgway would also frequently cry after sermons or reading the Bible.[5] Despite his beliefs, Ridgway continued to solicit the services of sex workers and wanted his wife to participate in sex in public and inappropriate places, sometimes even in areas where his victims' bodies were later discovered.[8]

    According to women in his life, Ridgway had an insatiable sexual appetite. His three ex-wives and several ex-girlfriends reported that he demanded sex from them several times a day.[10] Often, he would want to have sex in a public area or in the woods.[8] Ridgway himself admitted to having a fixation with sex workers,[11] with whom he had a love/hate relationship. He frequently complained about their presence in his neighborhood, but he also took advantage of their services regularly. In a statement read at his plea hearing, Ridgway said he hated prostitutes and did not want to pay them for sex. Some have speculated that Ridgway was torn between his lusts and his staunch religious beliefs.[5] With his second wife Marcia, Ridgway had a son.[12]

    Murders

    Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, Ridgway is believed to have murdered at least 71 teenage girls and women near Seattle and Tacoma, Washington. In court statements, Ridgway later reported that he had killed so many that he lost count. A majority of the murders occurred between 1982 and 1984. The victims were believed to be either sex workers or runaways, whom he picked up along Pacific Highway South. Ridgway sometimes showed the women a picture of his son, to trick them into trusting him. They would engage in sexual activity, and after minutes of intercourse from behind, Ridgway would wrap his forearm around the front of their necks and use the other arm to pull back as tightly as he could, strangling them. He killed most victims in his home, his truck, or a secluded area.[4] Most of their bodies were dumped in wooded areas around the Green River, Seattle–Tacoma International Airport, and other "dump sites" within South King County.

    There were also two confirmed and another two suspected victims found in the Portland, Oregon, area. The bodies were often left in clusters, sometimes posed, usually nude. He would sometimes return to the victims' bodies and engage in necrophilia with their bodies. Ridgway later explained that he did not find necrophilia more sexually satisfying, but having sex with the deceased reduced his need to obtain a living victim and thus limited his exposure to being caught.[6] Ridgway occasionally contaminated the dump sites with gum, cigarettes, and written materials belonging to others, and he even transported a few victims' remains across state lines into Oregon, to confuse the police.[13]

    1982–1984: First known victims

    The body of Ridgway's first known victim was found in July 1982. A unique kind of spray paint was found on clothing wrapped around the victim's neck, but the paint was not tested for 20 years. If it had been tested at the time, it would have been easier to link the murder to Ridgway.[14] After four more victims were found, the King County Sheriff's Office formed the Green River Task Force to investigate the murders. Task force members included Robert Keppel and Dave Reichert, who periodically interviewed incarcerated serial killer Ted Bundy in 1984. Bundy offered his opinions on the psychology, motivations, and behavior of the killer. He suggested that the killer was revisiting the dump sites to have sex with his victims, which turned out to be true, and if police found a fresh grave, they should stake it out and wait for him to come back.[15] Also contributing to the investigation was FBI Special Agent John E. Douglas, who developed a profile of the suspect.[16]

    Ridgway was arrested in 1982 and 2001 on charges related to prostitution.[17] He became a suspect in the Green River killings in 1983,[18] when 18-year-old Marie Malvar disappeared. Her boyfriend and her pimp later found a truck in front of Ridgway's house which they thought was the same one she had boarded the day she went missing. Ridgway was interviewed in conjunction with that event, and police received several other tips that mentioned him. In 1984, he passed a polygraph test.[6]

    1985–2001: Marriage to Judith Mawson, arrest for murder

    Around 1985, Ridgway began dating Judith Mawson, who became his third wife in 1988. Mawson claimed in a 2010 television interview that when she moved into his house while they were dating, there was no carpet. Detectives later told her he had probably wrapped a body in the carpet.[19] In the same interview, she described how he would leave for work early in the morning some days, ostensibly for the overtime pay. Mawson speculated that he must have committed some of the murders while supposedly working these early morning shifts. She claimed that she had not suspected Ridgway's crimes before she was contacted by authorities in 1987, and had not even heard of the Green River Killer before that time because she did not watch the news. Ridgway said that while he was in a relationship with Mawson, his kill rate went down and that he truly loved her. Of his 49 known victims, only three were killed after he married Mawson. Mawson told a local television reporter, "I feel I have saved lives ... by being his wife and making him happy."[20]

    In April 1987, police took hair and saliva samples from Ridgway.[21] The samples collected were later subjected to DNA profiling, providing the evidence for his arrest warrant.[22] On November 30, 2001, he was at the Kenworth truck factory, where he worked as a spray painter, when police arrived to arrest him. Ridgway was arrested on suspicion of murdering four women nearly 20 years earlier after initially being identified as a potential suspect, when DNA evidence conclusively linked semen left in the victims to the saliva swab taken by the police. The four victims named in the original indictment were Marcia Chapman, Opal Mills, Cynthia Hinds, and Carol Ann Christensen. Three more victims—Wendy Coffield, Debra Bonner, and Debra Estes—were added to the indictment after a forensic scientist identified microscopic spray paint spheres as a specific brand and composition of paint used at the Kenworth factory during the time when these victims were killed.

    Plea bargain, confessions, sentencing

    Early in August 2003, Seattle television news reported that Ridgway had been moved from a maximum security cell at King County Jail to an Airway Heights Minimum-Medium Security Level Tank. Other news reports stated that his lawyers, led by Anthony Savage, were closing a plea bargain that would spare him the death penalty in return for his confession to a number of the Green River murders.[23]

    On November 5, 2003, Ridgway entered a guilty plea to 48 charges of aggravated first degree murder as part of a plea bargain that would spare him execution in exchange for his cooperation in locating the remains of his victims and providing other details. In his statement accompanying his guilty plea, Ridgway explained that he had killed all of his victims inside King County, Washington, and that he had transported and dumped the remains of the two women near Portland to confuse the police.

    Deputy prosecutor Jeffrey Baird noted in court that the deal contained "the names of 41 victims who would not be the subject of State v. Ridgway if it were not for the plea agreement". King County Prosecuting Attorney Norm Maleng explained his decision to make the deal:

    On December 18, 2003, King County Superior Court Judge Richard A. Jones sentenced Ridgway to 48 life sentences without the possibility of parole to be served consecutively.[24] He was also sentenced to an additional 10 years for tampering with evidence for each of the 48 victims, adding 480 years to his 48 life sentences. Later he was given another life sentence after the remains of his 49th victim were found.[25]

    Ridgway led prosecutors to three bodies in 2003. On August 16 of that year, the remains of a 16-year-old girl found near Enumclaw, Washington, 40 feet from State Route 410, were pronounced as belonging to Pammy Annette Avent, who had been believed to be a victim of the Green River Killer. The remains of Marie Malvar and April Buttram were found in September 2003.

    On November 23, 2005, the Associated Press reported that a weekend hiker found the skull of one of the women Ridgway admitted murdering in his 2003 plea bargain with King County prosecutors. The skull of another victim, Tracy Winston, who was 19 when she disappeared from Northgate Mall on September 12, 1983, was found on November 20, 2005, by a man hiking in a wooded area near Highway 18 near Issaquah, southeast of Seattle. This was the find that led to Ridgway's 49th life sentence.[26] In 2023, remains discovered in 1985 and known as Bones 17 were identified as belonging to 15-year-old Lori Anne Razpotnik, who was last seen by her family in Lewis County, Washington, in November 1982.[27]

    Ridgway confessed to more confirmed murders than any other American serial killer. Over a period of five months of police and prosecutor interviews, he confessed to 48 murders—42 of which were on the police's list of probable Green River Killer victims.[28] [29] On February 9, 2004, county prosecutors began to release the videotaped records of Ridgway's confession. In one taped interview, he initially told investigators that he was responsible for the deaths of 65 women.[30] In another taped interview on December 31, 2003, Ridgway claimed to have murdered 71 victims and confessed to having had sex with them before killing them, a detail which he did not reveal until after his sentencing.

    In his confession, he acknowledged that he targeted prostitutes because they were "easy to pick up" and that he "hated most of them."[31] He confessed that he had sex with his victims' bodies after he murdered them, but claimed he began burying the later victims so that he could resist the urge to commit necrophilia.[32]

    Incarceration

    Ridgway was placed in solitary confinement at Washington State Penitentiary in Walla Walla in January 2004.[33] On May 14, 2015, he was transferred to the USP Florence High, a high-security federal prison east of Cañon City, Colorado. In September 2015, after a public outcry and discussions with Governor Jay Inslee, Corrections Secretary Bernie Warner announced that Ridgway would be transferred back to Washington to be "easily accessible" for open murder investigations.[34] Ridgway was returned by chartered plane to Washington State Penitentiary in Walla Walla from USP Florence High, on October 24, 2015.[35] In September 2024, Ridgway was briefly transferred from the Washington State Penitentiary to the King County jail for a few days before being transferred back to WSP. Authorities refused to give any explanation for the transfer.[36]

    Victims

    Before Ridgway's confession, authorities had attributed 49 murders to the Green River Killer.[37] Ridgway confessed to murdering at least 71 victims.[30]

    Confirmed killings

    At the time of Ridgway's December 18, 2003, sentencing, authorities had been able to find at least 48 sets of remains, including victims not originally attributed to the Green River Killer. Ridgway was sentenced for the deaths of each of these 48 victims,[38] with a plea agreement that he would "plead guilty to any and all future cases (in King County) where his confession could be corroborated by reliable evidence."[39]

    Name Age Disappeared Body found
    1 Wendy Lee Coffield 16
    2 Gisele Ann Lovvorn 17
    3 Debra Lynn Bonner 23
    4 Marcia Fay Chapman 31
    5 Cynthia Jean Hinds 17
    6 Opal Charmaine Mills 16
    7 Terry Rene Milligan 16
    8 Mary Bridget Meehan 18
    9 Debra Lorraine Estes 15
    10 Linda Jane Rule 16
    11 Denise Darcel Bush 23
    12 Shawnda Leea Summers 16
    13 Shirley Marie Sherrill 18
    14 Lori Anne Razpotnik15 [40]
    15 Rebecca "Becky" Marrero 20
    16 Colleen Renee Brockman 15
    17 Sandra Denise Major 20
    18 Wendy Marie Stephens14 March 1983
    19 Alma Ann Smith 18
    20 Delores LaVerne Williams 17
    21 Gail Lynn Mathews 23
    22 Andrea Marion Childers 19
    23 Sandra Kay Gabbert 17
    24 Kimi-Kai Ryks Pitsor 16
    25 Mary-Jane Malvar 18
    26 Carol Ann Christensen 21
    27 Martina Theresa Authorlee 18
    28 Cheryl Lee Wims 18
    29 Yvonne Antosh 19
    30 Carrie Ann Rois 15
    31 Constance Elizabeth Naon 19
    32 Tammie Charlene Liles 16
    33 Kelly Marie Ware 22
    34 Tina Marie Thompson 21
    35 April Dawn Buttram 16
    36 Debbie May Abernathy 26
    37 Tracy Ann Winston 19
    38 Maureen Sue Feeney 19
    39 Mary Sue Bello 25
    40 Pammy Annette Avent 15
    41 Delise Louise Plager 22
    42 Kimberly Nelson 21
    43 Lisa Lorraine Yates 19
    44 Mary Exzetta West 16
    45 Cindy Anne Smith 17
    46 Patricia Michelle Barczak 19
    47 Roberta Joseph Hayes 21
    48 Marta Reeves 36
    49 Patricia Ann Yellowrobe 38

    Footnotes

    Task force victims list

    Ridgway is suspected of—but not charged with—murdering the remaining six victims of the original list attributed to the Green River Killer.[37]

    Name Age Disappeared Body found
    Amina Agisheff 35
    Kasee Ann Lee 16 [54] Undiscovered
    Kelly Kay McGinniss 18 Undiscovered
    Angela Marie Girdner 16
    Patricia Osborn 19 [55] [56] Undiscovered
    Footnotes

    Suspected

    Name Age Disappeared Body found
    Unidentified black female UnknownDecember 1980Undiscovered
    Kristi Lynn Vorak 13 October 31, 1982[62] Undiscovered
    Patricia Ann Leblanc 15 August 12, 1983[63] Undiscovered
    Rose Marie Kurran 16 August 26, 1987 August 31, 1987
    Cora Christmas McGuirk 22 July 12, 1991[64] Undiscovered

    Footnotes

    Popular culture

    In artwork

    In documentaries and films (fiction and non-fiction)

    In print (non-fiction)

    In print (fiction)

    In music

    In television (fiction)

    See also

    Further reading

    External links

    Notes and References

    1. News: Hucks . Karen . December 23, 2003 . Gary Ridgway's son holds memories of regular soccer dad . . Tacoma, Washington.
    2. Web site: Bell. Rachel. Green River Killer: River of Death. Crime Library. May 30, 2014. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20140530033918/http://www.crimelibrary.com/serial_killers/predators/greenriver/bodies_6.html. May 30, 2014.
    3. Haglund. WD. Reichert. DG. Reay. DT. Recovery of decomposed and skeletal human remains in the "Green River Murder" Investigation. Implications for medical examiner/coroner and police. The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 11. 1. 35–43. 1990 . 2305751. 10.1097/00000433-199003000-00004. 27268528.
    4. Book: Defending Gary: Unraveling the Mind of the Green River Killer. registration. 264–265, 317. Prothero. Mark. Smith. Carlton. 2006. Jossey-Bass. San Francisco, California. 978-0-7879-9548-5.
    5. News: Terry. McCarthy. Nathan. Thornburgh. River Of Death. https://web.archive.org/web/20081018222703/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1002555,00.html#ixzz21E1TjGvD. dead. October 18, 2008. Time. Time, Inc.. New York City. June 3, 2002. July 20, 2012.
    6. News: Blaine. Gary. The Banality of Gary: A Green River Chiller. The Washington Post. Washington Post Company. Washington, DC. November 16, 2003. April 1, 2018.
    7. News: Ray. Rivers. Ridgway went from having sex with prostitutes 'to just plain killing 'em'. The Seattle Times. The Seattle Times Company. Seattle, Washington. November 6, 2003. April 1, 2018. September 24, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180924013006/http://old.seattletimes.com/html/greenriverkillings/2001784456_ridgway06m.html. dead.
    8. Web site: Charles. Montaldo. Gary Ridgway: The Green River Killer. About.com. February 14, 2011. July 1, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20111113060005/http://crime.about.com/od/serial/a/Gary-Ridgway.htm. November 13, 2011. dead.
    9. Book: Mark. Prothero. Carlton. Smith. Defending Gary: Unraveling the Mind of the Green River Killer. Jossey-Bass. San Francisco . 2006. 117 . 978-0-7879-8106-8.
    10. News: Rick. Anderson. Did they get their man?. Seattle Weekly. Sound Publishing. Seattle. February 27, 2002. April 1, 2018. April 2, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180402101440/http://archive.seattleweekly.com/2002-02-27/news/did-they-get-their-man. dead.
    11. Book: Robert. Keppel. William J.. Birnes. Ann. Rule. The Riverman: Ted Bundy and I Hunt for the Green River Killer. Simon & Schuster. New York City. 2004. 978-0-7434-6395-9. 444.
    12. News: Johnson . Jill McCabe . 2021-06-16 . The Night Gary Drove Me Home . en-US . Slate . 2023-11-05 . 1091-2339.
    13. Web site: Prosecutor's Summary of the Evidence, Case No. 01-1-10270-9 SEA; State of Washington vs. Gary Leon Ridgway; in the Superior Court of Washington for King County . November 2003 . . King County Prosecutor's Office . November 11, 2014 . Ridgway acknowledged that, in an effort to throw off the Task Force, he moved Denise's remains and those of Shirley Sherrill to Oregon in the spring of 1984. One weekend, he took his son on what he described as a "camping" trip to Oregon. He transported the remains, with son's clothes and bicycle, in the trunk of a Plymouth Satellite. Ridgway paid cash for his food and gas on this trip and was careful not to leave any record linking him to Oregon. . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150105145409/http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/news/local/links/ridg_summary.pdf . January 5, 2015.
    14. Web site: 2023-03-08 . How missed evidence helped a serial killer evade capture for nearly two decades . 2024-04-25 . NBC News . en.
    15. Web site: Like minds: Bundy figured Ridgway out. The News Tribune. November 16, 2003. May 27, 2013. Robinson. Sean. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20131029193359/http://www.thenewstribune.com/2003/11/16/366398/like-minds-bundy-figured-ridgway.html. October 29, 2013.
    16. Web site: Duff. Wilson. https://web.archive.org/web/20130921060156/http://seattletimes.com/html/localnews/2001801223_greenriver26m.html . September 21, 2013. Profiler can't recall why he said letter wasn't from Green River killer. The Seattle Times. The Seattle Times Company. Seattle, Washington. November 26, 2003. May 27, 2013.
    17. News: Lynn. Marshall. Julie. Cart. Arrest in Green River Murders. The Los Angeles Times. Tronc. December 1, 2001. June 21, 2018.
    18. News: Vanessa. Ho. Hector. Castro. Tracy. Johnson. A father led police to Ridgway in 1983. Seattle Post-Intelligencer. Hearst Corporation. Seattle, Washington. December 6, 2001. June 21, 2018.
    19. Married to a Monster. Who the (BLEEP) Did I Marry?. Investigation Discovery. October 13, 2010. 1. 9. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20101021003948/http://investigation.discovery.com/tv-schedules/series.html?paid=141.15118.129750.39540.3. October 21, 2010.
    20. News: Wife of Nation's Worst Serial Killer Shares Her Story. KIRO-TV. May 22, 2007. October 14, 2010. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20101020195212/http://www.kirotv.com/news/13362515/detail.html. October 20, 2010.
    21. Web site: Roberts . Michael . October 26, 2015 . Gary Ridgway, America's Most Prolific Serial Killer, Out of Colorado . June 21, 2018 . . . Denver, Colorado.
    22. News: Cold Case is Closed by DNA Match: Green River Killer. The New York Times. May 11, 2009. Svoboda. Elizabeth.
    23. News: With 48 Guilty Pleas, Killer avoids Death Penalty . February 25, 2017. Quad-City Times. Lee Enterprises. Davenport, Iowa. November 5, 2003.
    24. News: Green River Killer Given Life in Prison. The Washington Post. December 19, 2003.
    25. News: Curtis. Cartier. Gary Ridgway, Green River Killer, Charged With Murder #49, but Still Won't Face Execution. Seattle Weekly. Sound Publishing. Seattle, Washington. February 7, 2011. February 24, 2017. June 22, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180622005352/http://archive.seattleweekly.com/home/934121-129/crimepunishment. dead.
    26. News: Sarah Jean. Green . Remains of a Green River killer victim found near Issaquah. https://web.archive.org/web/20141218110707/http://seattletimes.com/html/localnews/2002641105_greenriver23m.html. dead. December 18, 2014. The Seattle Times. The Seattle Times Company. Seattle, Washington. November 23, 2005. November 12, 2014.
    27. Web site: Elamroussi . Sara Smart, Aya . 2023-12-21 . For decades, human remains tied to the 'Green River killer' were known only as Bones 17. Now, DNA testing has unveiled a name . 2023-12-27 . CNN . en.
    28. State of Washington, Plaintiff, vs. Gary Leon Ridgway, Defendant, Statement of Defendant on Plea of Guilty. Superior Court of Washington for King County . 2003. The Smoking Gun.
    29. News: Green River killer admits to murder of 48 women. Irish Times. Irish Times Trust. Dublin, Ireland. November 6, 2003. April 1, 2018.
    30. Obsession: Dave Reichert and the Green River Killer . Cold Case Files . . December 15, 2005.
    31. Book: Hickey, Eric. Serial Murderers and Their Victims. registration. Cengage Learning. Boston, Massachusetts. 2013. 25. 978-1-305-26169-3.
    32. News: Ridgway Reveals Gruesome Details In Chilling Confession. KIRO-TV. September 27, 2010. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20101010142834/http://www.kirotv.com/video/2833871/detail.html. October 10, 2010.
    33. Web site: Find An Offender - Ridgway, Gary L.. Washington State Department of Corrections. February 17, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130115225955/http://www.doc.wa.gov/offenderinfo/default.aspx. January 15, 2013. dead.
    34. News: Green River killer's return to Washington may not bring closure to victims' families. The Seattle Times. The Seattle Times Company. Seattle, Washington. September 22, 2015. September 25, 2015.
    35. News: John. White. Department of Corrections: Gary Ridgway returned to Washington State Penitentiary. KCPQ. Tacoma, Washington. October 24, 2015. October 25, 2015.
    36. Web site: Green River Killer Gary Ridgway returns to Washington State Penitentiary . KOMO News. September 13, 2024 .
    37. News: Tracy. Johnson. Hector. Castro. Green River victims' list may grow by six . Seattle Post Intelligencer. Hearst Corporation. Seattle, Washington. October 30, 2003. September 19, 2013.
    38. News: Stacey. Mulick. Ridgway's victims . The News Tribune. The McClatchy Company. Tacoma, Washington. November 6, 2003. January 14, 2017.
    39. News: Liza. Javier. Remains found in Auburn, Wash. possible Green River victim. KGW.com. Portland, Oregon. December 23, 2010. April 1, 2018. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20110209073021/http://www.kgw.com/news/Remains-found-in-Auburn-Wash-possible-Green-River-victim.html. February 9, 2011.
    40. News: How DNA and an Obituary Helped ID a Victim of the Green River Killer. Gutman. William. The Seattle Times. January 2, 2024. November 24, 2024.
    41. News: Jennifer . Sullivan. Attorney: Ridgway will likely plead guilty to new murder charge . . The Seattle Times Company. Seattle, Washington. February 7, 2011. February 7, 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110209073021/http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2014154781_ridgway08m.html . February 9, 2011 .
    42. News: Castro. Hector. Skull of Woman Killed by Ridgway Found but It Turned Up Miles from the Rest of Her Remains. Seattle Post-Intelligencer. November 23, 2005. B1. August 10, 2010.
    43. News: Victim of Green River killer identified 30 years later after relative sees TV movie. June 19, 2012. . https://web.archive.org/web/20170202122204/http://www.foxnews.com/us/2012/06/19/victim-green-river-killer-identified-30-years-later-after-relative-sees-tv.html. dead. February 2, 2017. June 19, 2012.
    44. News: Wash. officials say Green River Killer victim ID'd. Yahoo! News. Associated Press. June 19, 2012.
    45. Web site: LaVoice. Olivia. January 24, 2021. Green River Killer: Youngest victim of serial killer identified. January 25, 2021. Q13 FOX. en-US.
    46. Web site: Jane Doe B-10. greenriverkillings.com. June 27, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140227004031/http://greenriverkillings.com/jane-doe-b10/. February 27, 2014. dead.
    47. Web site: 97UFWA . . January 26, 2021 . December 16, 2016.
    48. Web site: Jane Doe B-17. greenriverkillings.com. June 27, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140227004905/http://greenriverkillings.com/jane-doe-b-17/. February 27, 2014. dead.
    49. Web site: Girgis . Lauren . Green River killer victim identified as teen girl from WA . The Seattle Times . December 19, 2023.
    50. Web site: Jane Doe B-20. greenriverkillings.com. June 27, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141022080257/http://greenriverkillings.com/jane-doe-b20/. October 22, 2014. dead.
    51. Web site: Bones 20 03-263862 Jane Doe 2003. . January 26, 2021.
    52. Web site: Cornwell . Paige . Gutman . David . January 22, 2024 . Last known set of remains linked to Green River Killer identified as Everett teen . The Seattle Times.
    53. Web site: Tall . Jonathan . 2024-01-22 . Final remains in Green River Killer case identified as Everett teen . 2024-01-23 . . en-US.
    54. Web site: Good . Meaghan . Kasee Ann Lee . The Charley Project . December 8, 2019.
    55. Web site: Good . Meaghan . Patricia Anne Osborn . The Charley Project . December 8, 2019 . March 29, 2012.
    56. Web site: NamUs MP #14132: Patricia Anne Osborn . . December 8, 2019 . March 5, 2012.
    57. Web site: Like minds: Bundy figured Ridgway out. The News Tribune. September 27, 2010. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20131029193359/http://www.thenewstribune.com/2003/11/16/366398/like-minds-bundy-figured-ridgway.html. October 29, 2013.
    58. News: Cleaning Up Sea-Tac Strip – Officials Target Prostitution, Dance Clubs. The Seattle Times. June 17, 2010. Linda W.Y.. Parrish. April 11, 1990.
    59. Book: Guillen, Tomas. Serial Killers: Issues Explored Through the Green River Murders. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. Prentice Hall. January 14, 2006. 145. 978-0131529663.
    60. Book: Prothero. M.. Smith. C.. Defending Gary: Unraveling the Mind of the Green River Killer. registration. Hoboken, New Jersey. Jossey-Bass. 2006. 376.
    61. News: Police identify remains, look for link to 'Green River Killer'. CNN. May 3, 2010. December 16, 2009.
    62. Web site: Good . Meaghan . Kristi Lynn Vorak . The Charley Project . December 8, 2019.
    63. Web site: Good . Meaghan . Patricia Ann LeBlanc . The Charley Project . December 8, 2019.
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