| Garuda Indonesian Airways Flight 708 | |
| Image Upright: | 1.2 |
| Occurrence Type: | Accident |
| Summary: | Pilot error, Bad weather |
| Site: | Mapanget Airport, Manado, Indonesia |
| Aircraft Type: | Lockheed L-188C Electra |
| Aircraft Name: | Tjandi Borobudur |
| Operator: | Garuda Indonesian Airways |
| Tail Number: | PK-GLB |
| Origin: | Kemayoran Airport, Jakarta |
| Stopover0: | Juanda Airport, Surabaya |
| Last Stopover: | Mandai Airport, Makassar |
| Destination: | Mapanget Airport, Manado |
| Passengers: | 84 |
| Crew: | 8 |
| Fatalities: | 22 |
| Injuries: | 69 |
| Survivors: | 70 |
| Occupants: | 92 |
Garuda Indonesian Airways Flight 708 (GA708/GIA708) was a scheduled domestic passenger flight in Indonesia by Garuda Indonesian Airways (now Garuda Indonesia) from Jakarta to Manado, with stopovers in Surabaya and Makassar. On 16 February 1967, while operating the last segment of the flight from Makassar to Manado, the Lockheed L-188C Electra airliner crashed on landing at Mapanget Airport in Manado, killing 22 out of 84 passengers and eight crew on board.
The accident aircraft was a Lockheed L-188C Electra airliner with manufacturer serial number 2021, line number 169, registration PK-GLB. The airline took delivery of the aircraft in January 1961.[1] The aircraft performed its recent inspection on 13 November 1966 with a valid airworthiness certificate until 23 June 1967. At the time of the accident, the aircraft had accumulated 12,359 flight hours.[2]
Flight 708 departed Jakarta for a flight to Manado via Surabaya and Makassar. On the second leg of the flight bad weather at Makassar forced the crew to return to Surabaya. The flight continued the next day to Makassar and on to Manado. The weather at Manado was cloud base at 900 feet and 2 km visibility. An approach to runway 18 was made, but after passing a hill 200 feet above runway elevation and 2720 feet short of the threshold, the pilot realized he was too high and left of the centerline. The nose was lowered and the aircraft banked right to intercept the glide path. The speed decreased below the 125 knots target threshold speed and the aircraft, still banked to the right, landed heavily 156 feet short of the runway threshold. The undercarriage collapsed and the aircraft skidded and caught fire.
The flight had four cabin crew and four cockpit crew that consisted of a captain, a first officer, a flight engineer, and a radio operator.
The probable cause of the accident was determined to be an awkward landing technique resulting in an excessive rate of sink on touchdown. Among the contributing factors were the uneven pavement of the runway and marginal weather at time of the landing.[3]