Garry Nolan Explained

Garry P. Nolan (born) is an American immunologist, academic, inventor, and business executive. He holds the Rachford and Carlota A. Harris Professor Endowed Chair in the Department of Pathology at Stanford University School of Medicine.[1] [2] Nolan founded biotechnology companies, and wrote numerous medical research papers. Since 2022, most of his public appearances have been related to his research in ufology and his belief that extraterrestrial intelligence has visited or resides on Earth.

Education

Nolan graduated in 1983 from Cornell University with a BS degree in biology with a specialization in genetics. In 1989, he received his PhD in genetics from Stanford University under Leonard Herzenberg before doing post-doctoral work with Nobel laureate David Baltimore at MIT, where he co-developed the 293T-based rapid retroviral production system and the cloning of the NF-κB p65/ RelA DNA regulatory factor.[2]

Research

His areas of research include autoimmunity and inflammation, cancer and leukemia, hematopoiesis, and using computation for network and systems immunology.[2] [3] He is perhaps best known for his early work in the Baltimore lab at the Whitehead Institute, where he worked on developing 293T cell rapid retroviral production for gene therapy.[4] Nearly all gene therapy using retroviruses or lentiviruses is done using 293-based cell lines per the rapid retroviral protocol. He also developed cloning of the RELA transcription factor, a key regulator in immune response genes and a principal cellular component that HIV uses to replicate itself. Other major projects on which he has worked include phospho-flow signaling development (now licensed to Becton-Dickinson), FACS-gal (owned by Thermo Fisher), CyTOF multiparameter analysis, split-poll based Quantum Barcoding Technology (owned by ScaleBio), algorithmic approaches to analyzing complex single-cell datasets,[5] proof that the NFAT transcription factor is both a REL protein and a key determinant in HIV replication,[6] [7] and development of multiplexing technologies for tissue analysis, such as MIBI and CODEX, and the algorithmic approaches needed to understand them.[8] [9] As of 2022, his lab works on several FDA-supported projects for Ebola,[10] influenza, Zika virus, and COVID-19, as well as continuing Nolan's immune-tumor interface in many human cancers.

Companies

In 1996, Nolan founded the biotechnology company Rigel, Inc. with colleagues Donald Payan, James Gower, Thomas Raffin, and Ronald Garren in South San Francisco.[11] In 2003, he established the biotech company Nodality, Inc., which develops "personalized tests for cancer and autoimmune diseases."[12] [2] Big data company BINA Technology was founded in 2010 and bought out by Roche in 2014 for $107 million.[13] [14] [15] In 2011, he founded Apprise, which focused on cell analysis using split-pool technology. Nolan later sold Apprise to Roche, with whom he co-founded another startup, Scale Bio, which also focuses on split-pool technology.[16] Along with three postdocs, Sean Bendall, Michael Angelo, and Harris Feinberg, Nolan founded Ionpath in 2014. This company is active in spatial proteomics.[17] [18] In 2015, with postdocs Yury Goltsev and Nikolay Samusik, he founded Akoya Biosciences, which commercializes Nolan's co-Detection by indexing (CODEX) technology.[19] [20]

Ufology and belief in extraterrestrial contact

See also: Ufology. In 2012, Nolan began analysis on the Atacama skeleton, a corpse from Chile that ufologists had speculated to be of alien origin, but which he later revealed to be a mummified human stillbirth with genetic bone defects and gene mutation causing deformity.[21] [22] [23] [24] [25]

According to Nolan, he was approached by "some people representing the government and an aerospace corporation to help them understand the medical harm that had come to some individuals, related to supposed interactions with an anomalous craft" because "they were interested in the kinds of blood analysis that my lab can do".[26]

Nolan is the lead author a study about materials associated with UFOs.[27] [1] [28] Since the formation of the Unidentified Aerial Phenomena Task Force in 2020, multiple publications have reported on Nolan's involvement with The Pentagon and the CIA investigating samples of materials supposedly ejected at purported sites of UFO sightings.[28] [1] In August 2022, Nolan appeared on Fox News' Tucker Carlson Tonight show and discussed his claims of UAP-related research in an hour long interview. During a May 2023 SALT iConnections conference in Manhattan for an interview with Alex Klokus titled "The Pentagon, Extraterrestrial Intelligence and Crashed UFOs", Nolan claimed that some governments have retrieved artifacts from extraterrestrial craft, said that he gives the probability as "100 percent" that extraterrestrials have not only visited Earth but have been visiting earth for a long time, and speculated that what has visited earth are simply "emissaries" and possibly drones.[29] [30] As New York Times columnist Ezra Klein interviewed journalist and UFO author Leslie Kean in June 2023, Kean told Klein that Nolan "knows David Grusch very well and vouches for him".[31]

Nolan co-founded The Sol Foundation with sociocultural anthropologist Peter Skafish on August 15, 2023.[32]

Awards and honors

Nolan has received numerous awards and fellowships.[2]

Bibliography

Research papers

Nolan has authored more than 300 research papers. The most-cited ones are given below:[2]

A list of research papers is given in his Google Scholar profile.[34]

External links

Notes and References

  1. How the Pentagon Started Taking U.F.O.s Seriously. 2021-04-30. The New Yorker. Lewis-Kraus. Gideon. 2022-08-09.
  2. Web site: Garry Nolan. n.d.. Stanford University. 2022-08-09. live. 2022-02-11. https://web.archive.org/web/20220211204330/https://profiles.stanford.edu/garry-nolan?tab=bio.
  3. Web site: Stanford Professor Garry Nolan Is Analyzing Anomalous Materials From UFO Crashes. 2021-12-10. Campion. Thobey. Vice. 2022-08-09.
  4. Book: Pear. W.S.. Scott. M.L.. Nolan. G.P.. Generation of High-Titer, Helper-Free Retroviruses by Transient Transfection . 1997. Gene Therapy Protocols. Methods in Molecular Medicine. 7 . 7. 41–57. 10.1385/0-89603-484-4:41. 24493417 . 0-89603-484-4 . 2022-08-09.
  5. etal. Bendall. Sean C.. Simonds. Erin F.. Qiu. Peng. 2011. Single-Cell Mass Cytometry of Differential Immune and Drug Responses Across a Human Hematopoietic Continuum. 332. 6030. Science. 687–696. 10.1126/science.1198704. 21551058 . 3273988 . 2011Sci...332..687B .
  6. Kinoshita. S.. Su. Lu. Amano. M.. Timmerman. L.A.. Kanesima. H.. Nolan. G.P.. 1997. The T cell activation factor NF-ATc positively regulates HIV-1 replication and gene expression in T cells. Immunity. 6. 3. 235–244. 10.1016/s1074-7613(00)80326-x. 9075924 . free.
  7. Nolan. G.P.. 1994. NF-AT-AP-1 and Rel-bZIP: hybrid vigor and binding under the influence. Cell. 77. 6. 795–798. 10.1016/0092-8674(94)90126-0. 8004669 . 6452940 . 2022-08-09.
  8. Multiplexed ion beam imaging of human breast tumors. etal. Angelo. Michael. Bendall. Sean C.. Finck. Rachel. 2014-03-02. 20. 436–442. 10.1038/nm.3488. Nature Medicine. 4 . 24584119 . 4110905 .
  9. etal. Goltsev. Yury. Samusik. Nikolay. Kennedy-Darling. Julia. 2018-08-09. 174. 4. 968–981. 10.1016/j.cell.2018.07.010. Cell. 30078711 . 6086938 .
  10. Web site: Survivor Studies: Better Understanding Ebola's After-Effects to Help Find New Treatments. n.d.. FDA. 2022-08-09.
  11. Web site: Rigel Pharmaceuticals Inc.. 2022. Wall Street Journal. 2022-08-09. live. 2022-02-15. https://web.archive.org/web/20220215021449/https://www.wsj.com/market-data/quotes/RIGL/company-people.
  12. Web site: Nodality Wins Backing From Pfizer Venture. 2010-03-29. Jarvis. Lisa M.. C&EN. 2022-08-09.
  13. Web site: DeciBio's Spatial Omics Q&A with Garry Nolan of Stanford University. 2021-09-15. Decibio. Jorgensen. Max. 2022-08-09.
  14. Web site: Roche Acquires Bina Technologies' Powerful Genome Analysis Platform. 2014-12-19. Proffitt. Allison. Bio IT World. 2022-08-09.
  15. Web site: Roche Acquires Bina Technologies' Powerful Genome Analysis Platform. McCormick. Jason. 2014-12-23. BizJournals. 2022-08-09.
  16. Web site: Scale Biosciences, Still in Stealth Mode, to Develop Single-Cell, Spatial Biology Tech. 2021-07-22. Genome Web. Han. Andrew P.. 2022-08-09.
  17. etal. Ji. Andrew L.. Rubin. Adam J.. Thrane. Kim. 2020-07-23. Multimodal Analysis of Composition and Spatial Architecture in Human Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cell. 6. 182. 1661–1662. 10.1016/j.cell.2020.05.039. 32579974 . 7391009 . 219982265 . free.
  18. Web site: About. n.d.. IONPATH. 2022-08-09.
  19. Web site: Biomea Fusion, Akoya Biosciences raise $285 million in IPOs. 2021-04-16. BizJournals. Schubarth. Cromwell. 2022-08-09.
  20. Web site: Spatial Phenotyping Adds a New Dimension to Discovery Biology. 2021-09-01. Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News. Akoya Biosciences. 2022-08-09.
  21. Web site: Was a Tiny Mummy in the Atacama an Alien? No, but the Real Story Is Almost as Strange. 2018-03-22. New York Times. 2022-08-09. Zimmer. Carl. live. 2022-01-08. https://web.archive.org/web/20220108144111/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/22/science/ata-mummy-alien-chile.html.
  22. Web site: Tiny Mummy's 'Alien' Appearance Finally Explained. https://web.archive.org/web/20210307013909/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/chile-mummy-ata-alien-dna. dead. 7 March 2021. 2018-03-22. Check Hayden. Erika. National Geographic. 2022-08-09.
  23. Web site: This strange 'alien' skeleton is actually a human fetus with genetic bone defects. 2018-03-22. Science. Warren. Matt. 2022-08-09.
  24. Web site: Researchers finally solve mystery of 'alien' skeleton. Strickland. Ashley. 2018-03-22. CNN. 2022-08-09.
  25. Web site: Mysterious skeleton shows molecular complexity of bone diseases. 2018-03-22. Armitage. Hanae. Stanford University. 2022-08-09.
  26. Web site: UFOs: SETI Astronomer, Stanford Researcher, Aerospace Expert Weigh In. Brooks. Jon. 2021-06-14. KQED. 2022-08-09.
  27. etal. Improved instrumental techniques, including isotopic analysis, applicable to the characterization of unusual materials with potential relevance to aerospace forensics. Nolan. Garry P.. Vallee. Jacques F.. Jiang. Sizun. Lemke. Larry G.. 2022. 128. 10.1016/j.paerosci.2021.100788. Progress in Aerospace Sciences. 100788 . 2022PrAeS.12800788N . free.
  28. Web site: The U.S. military takes UFOs seriously. Why doesn't Silicon Valley or academia?. 2021-04-16. Virk. Rizwam. NBC News. 2022-08-09.
  29. Web site: Stanford prof Garry Nolan says aliens are '100%' living among us . Keane . Isabel . 23 May 2023 . New York Post . 11 June 2023.
  30. Web site: Aliens 'have been on Earth a long time': Stanford Professor . Eberhart . Chris . 27 May 2023 . Fox News . 11 June 2023.
  31. Web site: Klein . Ezra . 20 June 2023 . Transcript: Ezra Klein Interviews Leslie Kean (from What the Heck Is Going on With These U.F.O. Stories?) . 21 June 2023 . The New York Times . https://web.archive.org/web/20230621105854/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/20/podcasts/ezra-klein-podcast-transcript-leslie-kean.html . 21 June 2023 . live .
  32. Web site: Hanks . Micah . The Sol Foundation: How a New Think Tank of Academics is Applying 'Cutting-Edge Research' to the UAP Mystery . The Debrief . 12 September 2023.
  33. Web site: Nolan wins funds to 'map' lineages in ovarian cancer cells. 2012-11-19. Conger. Krista. Stanford University. 2022-08-09.
  34. Web site: Garry Nolan . Google Scholar.

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