| Ganzhou | |
| Native Name: | 赣州市 |
| Native Name Lang: | zh-Hans |
| Other Name: | Kanchow |
| Settlement Type: | Prefecture-level city |
| Pushpin Map: | Jiangxi |
| Pushpin Map Caption: | Location of the city centre in Jiangxi |
| Pushpin Label Position: | left |
| Pushpin Mapsize: | --> |
| Coor Pinpoint: | Ganzhou municipal government |
| Coordinates: | 25.831°N 114.933°W |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: | People's Republic of China |
| Subdivision Type1: | Province |
| Subdivision Name1: | Jiangxi |
| Established Title: | Settled |
| Established Date: | 236 AD |
| Seat Type: | Municipal seat |
| Seat: | Zhanggong District |
| Leader Title: | Mayor (deputy) |
| Leader Name: | Zeng Wenming |
| Leader Title1: | Secretary |
| Leader Name1: | Li Bingjun |
| Area Total Km2: | 39379.64 |
| Area Metro Km2: | 5316.8 |
| Elevation M: | 107 |
| Population Total: | 8970014 |
| Population As Of: | 2020 census |
| Population Footnotes: | [1] |
| Population Density Km2: | auto |
| Area Urban Km2: | 5316.8 |
| Population Urban: | 2588060 |
| Population Density Urban Km2: | auto |
| Population Metro: | 2588060 |
| Population Density Metro Km2: | auto |
| Demographics Type2: | GDP[2] |
| Demographics2 Info1: | CN¥ 347.4 billion US$ 53.5 billion |
| Demographics2 Title2: | Per capita |
| Demographics2 Info2: | CN¥ 35,342 US$ 5,440 |
| Postal Code Type: | Postal code |
| Postal Code: | 341000 |
| Area Code: | 0797 |
| Timezone: | China Standard |
| Utc Offset: | +8 |
| Blank4 Name: | Vehicle registration plate prefixes |
| Blank4 Info: | Chinese: 赣B |
| Blank5 Name: | Administrative division code |
| Blank5 Info: | 360700 |
| Iso Code: | CN-JX-07 |
| Pushpin Map: | China |
Ganzhou, alternately romanized as Kanchow, is a prefecture-level city in the south of Jiangxi province, China, bordering Fujian to the east, Guangdong to the south, and Hunan to the west. Its administrative seat is at Zhanggong District.
In 201 CE, Emperor Gaozu of Han established a county in the territory of modern Ganzhou. In 236 CE, during the Three Kingdoms period, the was established in the area.[3] In the early years, Han Chinese settlement and authority in the area was minimal and largely restricted to the Gan River basin. The river, a tributary of the Yangtze via Poyang Lake, provided a route of communication from the north as well as irrigation for rice farming.
In 589 CE, during the Sui dynasty, the was abolished, and the area was reorganized as Qianzhou. During the Song, immigration from the north bolstered the local population and drove local aboriginal tribes into admixing with the northerners. After the fall of the capital to the Jin in 1126 in the Jingkang Incident, immigration increased dramatically.
In 1153, under the Southern Song, Qianzhou was abolished, and re-organized as Ganzhou, the same name as the present-day city.
In 1277, under the Yuan dynasty, the area was reorganized as . Near the end of the Yuan dynasty, in 1365, Ganzhou Circuit was reorganized again as, which it remained until 1912.
During the late 1800s Ganzhou was opened as one of the southern treaty ports and became a minor base for foreign companies.
In 1912, the Republic of China abolished the area's dynasty-era subdivisions, replacing them all with counties administered by the provincial government of Jiangxi. In 1914, the province of Jiangxi was divided into four circuits, one of which being, which ruled the area of present-day Ganzhou. In 1926, Gannan Circuit was abolished, and its counties were again directly administered by the Jiangxi provincial government. In 1932, the province established, and the area of present-day Ganzhou was split between the 9th, 11th, 12th, and 13th Administrative Inspectorates. In subsequent years, the area would be reorganized to be divided between various Administrative Inspectorates.
Beginning in 1928, the Chinese Communist Party began operating in the area, and by June 1930, a local soviet had formed and began governing a number of counties in the region. In November 1931, the Chinese Soviet Republic was proclaimed in, in the then-county of Ruijin. During the subsequent years, Ganzhou was governed by the Jiangxi–Fujian Soviet. Beginning in February 1934, Communist Party forces in the area began to lose territory to Kuomintang forces (Fifth encirclement). From then until March 1935, the Soviet gradually lost territory with only five northeastern counties left in Ganzhou as of early October 1934 until it collapsed.
Between 1939 and 1945, Chiang Ching-kuo, son of Chiang Kai-shek, was appointed by the Government of the Republic of China as commissioner of Ganzhou Prefecture (mountain South), then the name of the surrounding regions of Ganzhou. There he banned opium smoking, gambling and prostitution, studied governmental management, allowed for economic expansion and a change in social outlook. His efforts were hailed as a miracle in the political war in China, then coined as the "Gannan New Deal" . During his time in Gannan, from 1940 he implemented a "public information desk" where ordinary people could visit him if they had problems, and according to records, Chiang Ching-kuo received a total of 1,023 people during such sessions in 1942. In regards to the ban on prostitution and closing of brothels, Chiang implemented a policy where former prostitutes became employed in factories. Due to the large number of refugees in Ganzhou as a result from the ongoing war, thousands of orphans lived on the street; in June 1942, Chiang Ching-kuo formally established the Chinese Children's Village in the outskirts of Ganzhou, with facilities such as a nursery, kindergarten, primary school, hospital and gymnasium.[4] [5]
On August 14, 1949, the People's Liberation Army established control of Gan County. In June 1951, Ganzhou Prefecture was established.
In February 1999, Ganzhou was changed from a prefecture to a prefecture-level city.
Ganzhou has jurisdiction over 3 districts, 2 county-level cities, 13 counties:
Ganzhou is a large city covering the southern third of Jiangxi, with an area of . More than 70% of its administrative area is forested, and over 83% is also mountainous. Several of the major tributaries of the Gan River, Ganzhou's namesake, join at a confluence in the center of the city. Bordering prefecture-level cities are:
Jiangxi:
Ganzhou has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa) affected by the East Asian monsoon, with long, humid, very hot summers and cool and drier winters with occasional cold snaps. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from in January to 29.5°C in July, with an annual average of 19.57°C. The average annual precipitation is around 1450mm. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 20% in March to 62% in July, the city receives 1,778 hours of bright sunshine annually. Winter begins somewhat sunny and dry but becomes progressively wetter and cloudier; spring begins especially gloomy, and from March to June each of the months averages more than 170mm of rainfall. After the heavy rains subside in June, summer is especially sunny. Autumn is warm and relatively dry.
Its population was 8,970,014 at the 2020 Chinese census whom 2,588,060 in the built-up (or metro) area made of Zhanggong, Nankang, and Ganxian Districts.
As of 2019, Ganzhou's birth rate is 12.96 per 1,000.[6]
As of 2021, Ganzhou's gross domestic product (GDP) totaled ¥416.9 billion, an 9.5% increase from the previous year.[7] Of this, ¥37.632 billion (10.83%) came from the city's primary sector, ¥136.819 billion (39.38%) came from the city's secondary sector, and ¥172.983 billion came (49.79%) from the city's tertiary sector. The city's GDP per capita totaled ¥35,341.74.
As of 2019, the per capita disposable income of the Ganzhou's urban residents totaled ¥34,826, and the per capita disposable income of the Ganzhou's rural residents totaled ¥11,941.[8]
In 2011, Ganzhou's gross domestic product totaled ¥133.598 billion.[9]
Ganzhou is known as the "Orange Capital of the World"[10] [11] as well as the "Tungsten Capital of the World".[12] The world's largest mechanical clock is located in Ganzhou called the Harmony Clock Tower,[13] which was manufactured by UK-based clockmakers Smith of Derby Group. Though encircled by mountain scenery, other notable attractions in Jiangxi are Jingdezhen, Nanchang and Lushan among others. Some of the places of interest in Ganzhou include:
Zhanggong has a city wall dating to the Song dynasty, as well as a number of pavilions and Buddhist and Taoist temples from the Ming and Qing. Altogether there are some 17 National Cultural Relic Protection Units in Ganzhou and 48 Provincial-level Cultural Relic Protection Units.
Ganzhou Daily covers news about Ganzhou.
The Beijing-Jiulong Railway goes through Ganzhou from north to south, and it meets the Ganzhou–Longyan Railway (Ganlong line) at East Ganzhou Railway Station in Zhanggong District. Nanchang–Shenzhen high-speed railway is under construction. The Ganzhou–Shenzhen high-speed railway opened on 10 December 2021 and connects Ganzhou with Shenzhen.
Major railway stations in Ganzhou are:
The new Ganzhou Huangjin Airport, located in Nankang, was opened on March 26, 2008. Its name inherited from the old Huangjin Airport in Huangjin Town, Zhanggong District, which was closed since it was too close to the expanding Ganzhou urban area. It has domestic routes to Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Nanchang, Xiamen, Nanjing, Shanghai, Nanning, Chongqing and Beijing.