Parhedylidae Explained

Parhedylidae are a taxonomic family of sea slugs, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Parhedyloidea.^[1]

2005 taxonomy

Microhedylidae has been listed as a synonym of Parhedylidae in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005). Ganitidae Rankin, 1979 has been listed as a sole family within Hedylopsoidea. The type genus of Livorniellidae was Livorniella Rankin, 1979.

2010 taxonomy

Sensu Schrödl & Neusser (2010)^[2] is Microhedylidae within the clade Microhedylacea.^[2] Parhedylidae is a synonym of Microhedylidae.^[2] Microhedylidae s.l. may informally include Ganitidae, but inclusion of Ganitidae within Microhedylidae requires further research and higher statistical support.^[2]

Genera

Genera within the Parhedylidae include:

• Ganitus Marcus, 1953 - with the only species Ganitus evelinae Marcus, 1953 - it belongs to Microhedylidae s.l. / Ganitidae^[2]
• Microhedyle Hertling, 1930
  • Microhedyle glandulifera (Kowalevsky, 1901)^[2]
  • Microhedyle nahantensis (Doe, 1974)^[2]
  • Microhedyle odhneri (Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus, 1955)^[2]
• Microhedyle remanei (Er. Marcus, 1953)^[2]
• Paraganitus Challis, 1968 - with the only species Paraganitus ellynnae Challis, 1968 - it belongs to Microhedylidae s.l. / Ganitidae^[2]
• Paraganitus Challis, 1968
• Parhedyle Thiele, 1931
  • Parhedyle cryptophthalma (Westheide & Wawra, 1974)^[2]
  • Parhedyle tyrtowii (Kowalevsky, 1900)^[2]
  • Parhedyle gerlachi (Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus, 1959)^[2]
• Pontohedyle Golikov & Starobogatov, 1972

Genera brought into synonymy:

• Gastrohedyle Rankin, 1979: synonym of Pontohedyle Golikov & Starobogatov, 1972
• Livorniella Rankin, 1979: synonym of Microhedyle Hertling, 1930
• Mancohedyle Rankin, 1979: synonym of Pontohedyle Golikov & Starobogatov, 1972 (junior objective synontm of Pontohedyle)
• Maraunibina Rankin, 1979: synonym of Pontohedyle Golikov & Starobogatov, 1972
• Parahedyle [sic]: synonym of Parhedyle Thiele, 1931 (misspelling)
• Sabulincola Rankin, 1979: synonym of Parhedyle Thiele, 1931
• Stellaspina Rankin, 1979: synonym of Microhedyle Hertling, 1930
• Unela Er. Marcus, 1953: synonym of Microhedyle Hertling, 1930

Cladogram

A cladogram based on sequences of mitochondrial 28S ribosomal RNA, 16S ribosomal RNA and cytochrome-c oxidase I (COI) genes showing phylogenic relations within the family Microhedylidae:^[3]

Notes and References

1. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Parhedylidae Thiele, 1931. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=411947 on 2021-06-17
2. Schrödl M. & Neusser T. P. (2010). "Towards a phylogeny and evolution of Acochlidia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 158: 124–154. .
3. Jörger K. M., Norenburg J. L., Wilson N. G. & Schrödl M. (2012). "Barcoding against a paradox? Combined molecular species delineations reveal multiple cryptic lineages in elusive meiofaunal sea slugs". BMC Evolutionary Biology 12: 245. .