| Shrimant Maharaja Gangadhar Rao Newalkar Babasaheb | |
| Reign: | 1843 – 21 November 1853 |
| Full Name: | Jhansi Naresh Maharaja Gangadhar Rao Newalkar[1] [2] |
| Spouse: | Ramabai[3] Lakshmibai |
| Birth Date: | 1814 |
| Predecessor: | Raghunath Rao III [4] |
| Successor: | Damodar Rao |
| Succession: | 5th Maharaja of Jhansi |
| Death Date: | November 21, 1853 (age 39)[5] |
| Jhansi Naresh Maharaja of Jhansi | |
| Father: | Shiv Rao Bhau |
| Mother: | Padma Bai |
| Issue: | Damodar Rao, Anand Rao |
| Death Place: | Jhansi, Jhansi State (present-day Uttar Pradesh, India) |
Gangadhar Rao Newalkar was the 5th Raja of Jhansi situated in northern India, a vassal of Maratha Empire. He was a Marathi Karhade Brahmin. He was the son of Shiv Rao Bhau and a descendant of Raghunath Hari Newalkar (who was the first governor of Jhansi under Maratha rule).[4]
The ancestors of Maharaj Gangadhar Rao hailed from a Brahmin family[6] of Ratnagiri district of Maharashtra. Some of them moved to Khandesh, when Peshwa rule began and served important posts in the Peshwa and Holkar armies. Subhedar Raghunath Haripant Newalkar alis Raghunath Rao II, strengthened Maratha polity in Bundelkhand, however as he grew old, he handed over the reins of Jhansi to his younger brother Raja of Jhansi Shiv Rao Bhau. On the death of Raghunath Rao III son of Shiv Rao Bhau in 1838, the British rulers accepted his brother Gangadhar Rao as the Raja of Jhansi in 1843.[7] He was an able administrator and he improved the financial condition of Jhansi, which had deteriorated during his predecessor's rule. He took corrective steps to ensure the growth and development of the town of Jhansi. He controlled an army of around 5,000 men. He possessed wisdom, diplomacy, and was a lover of art and culture;[8] even the British were impressed by his statesmanlike qualities. Maharaj Gangadhar Rao possessed considerable taste and some scholarship; he collected a fine library of Sanskrit manuscripts and enriched the architecture of the town of Jhansi.[9]
He was first married to Ramabai, who died soon after. She never became queen consort of Jhansi as Maharaj Gangadhar Rao started to hold the title of Raja (King) in 1843, after Maharani Ramabai's death. In May 1842, Maharaja Gangadhar Rao married a young girl named Manikarnika Tambe, later renamed as Lakshmibai, who was directly given the title of Rani (Queen Consort) after marriage. She eventually became the Queen of Jhansi and revolted against the British during the Indian Rebellion of 1857.[5]
Margashirsh Shukla Ekadashi, September 1851, she gave birth to a boy, named Damodar Rao, who died three months after birth. Raja Gangadhar Rao adopted a child called Anand Rao, the son of his cousin Vasudev Newalkar of Parola, who was renamed Damodar Rao, on the day before he died. The adoption was in the presence of the British political officer who was given a letter from the Raja requesting that the child should be treated with kindness and that the government of Jhansi should be given to his widow for her lifetime. After the death of the Raja in 21 November 1853 because Damodar Rao was adopted, the British East India Company, under Governor-General Lord Dalhousie, applied the Doctrine of Lapse, rejecting Damodar Rao's claim to the throne and annexing the state to its territories.[10]
Sadashiv Rao Newalkar
Jahagirdar Sadashiv Rao son of Damodarpant Raghunath Hari Newalkar. (Raghunath Rao I). Established of Parola City and Fort in 1726 in Jalgaon, Maharashtra.
Sadashiv Narayan
Shiv Rao Bhau
Raghunath Rao II
Raghunath Rao III
Rani Ramabai
Rani Sakhubai
Rani Jankibai
Rani Lacchobai
Rani Padmabai