Gamma-glutamyltransferase 5 explained

Gamma-glutamyltransferase 5 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GGT5 gene.^{[1] [2] [3] [4]}

Gamma-glutamyltransferase-like activity 1 (GGTLA1) is a member of a gene family with at least 4 members (GGTLA1, GGTLA2, GGTLA3 and GGTLA4). The enzyme encoded by GGTLA1 is related to, but distinct from, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT). The GGTLA1 enzyme consists of a heavy and a light chain and is able to hydrolyze the gamma-glutamyl moiety of glutathione. It converts leukotriene C4 to leukotriene D4, however, it doesn't convert synthetic substrates that are commonly used to assay GGT. Its amino acid sequence shows an overall similarity of 39.5% with human GGT.^[5]

Further reading

• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA . The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). . Genome Res. . 14 . 10B . 2121–7 . 2004 . 15489334 . 10.1101/gr.2596504 . 528928 . etal.
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . etal. free .
• Enoiu M, Aberkane H, Salazar JF . Evidence for the pro-oxidant effect of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase-related enzyme. . Free Radic. Biol. Med. . 29 . 9 . 825–33 . 2000 . 11063908 . 10.1016/S0891-5849(00)00370-1 . etal.
• Dunham I, Shimizu N, Roe BA . The DNA sequence of human chromosome 22. . Nature . 402 . 6761 . 489–95 . 1999 . 10591208 . 10.1038/990031 . 1999Natur.402..489D . etal. free .
• Edelmann L, Pandita RK, Morrow BE . Low-copy repeats mediate the common 3-Mb deletion in patients with velo-cardio-facial syndrome. . Am. J. Hum. Genet. . 64 . 4 . 1076–86 . 2000 . 10090893 . 10.1086/302343 . 1377832 .
• Potdar PD, Andrews KL, Nettesheim P, Ostrowski LE . Expression and regulation of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase-related enzyme in tracheal cells. . Am. J. Physiol. . 273 . 5 Pt 1 . L1082–9 . 1997 . 10.1152/ajplung.1997.273.5.L1082 . 9374738 .
• Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K . Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library. . Gene . 200 . 1–2 . 149–56 . 1997 . 9373149 . 10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3 . etal.
• Maruyama K, Sugano S . Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides. . Gene . 138 . 1–2 . 171–4 . 1994 . 8125298 . 10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8 .

Notes and References

1. Heisterkamp N, Rajpert-De Meyts E, Uribe L, Forman HJ, Groffen J . Identification of a human gamma-glutamyl cleaving enzyme related to, but distinct from, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase . Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A . 88 . 14 . 6303–7 . Aug 1991 . 1676842 . 52071 . 10.1073/pnas.88.14.6303 . 1991PNAS...88.6303H . free .
2. Morris C, Courtay C, Geurts van Kessel A, ten Hoeve J, Heisterkamp N, Groffen J . Localization of a gamma-glutamyl-transferase-related gene family on chromosome 22 . Hum Genet . 91 . 1 . 31–6 . Apr 1993 . 8095916 . 10.1007/bf00230218. 21440198 .
3. Heisterkamp N, Groffen J, Warburton D, Sneddon TP . The human gamma-glutamyltransferase gene family . Hum Genet . 123 . 4 . 321–32 . Apr 2008 . 18357469 . 10.1007/s00439-008-0487-7 . 15916758 .
4. Web site: Entrez Gene: GGTLA1 gamma-glutamyltransferase-like activity 1.
5. Web site: Entrez Gene: GGTLA1 gamma-glutamyltransferase-like activity 1.