| Official Name: | Gallipolis, Ohio |
| Settlement Type: | Village |
| Nickname: | City of the Gauls[1] |
| Mapsize: | 250px |
| Image Map1: | Map of Gallia County Ohio Highlighting Gallipolis Village.png |
| Mapsize1: | 250px |
| Map Caption1: | Location of Gallipolis in Gallia County |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: | United States |
| Subdivision Type1: | State |
| Subdivision Name1: | Ohio |
| Subdivision Type2: | County |
| Subdivision Name2: | Gallia |
| Subdivision Type3: | Township |
| Subdivision Name3: | Gallipolis |
| Established Title: | Founded |
| Established Date: | [2] |
| Unit Pref: | Imperial |
| Area Footnotes: | [3] |
| Area Total Km2: | 9.91 |
| Area Land Km2: | 9.32 |
| Area Water Km2: | 0.59 |
| Area Total Sq Mi: | 3.83 |
| Area Land Sq Mi: | 3.60 |
| Area Water Sq Mi: | 0.23 |
| Population As Of: | 2020 |
| Population Est: | 3284 |
| Pop Est As Of: | 2023 |
| Pop Est Footnotes: | [4] |
| Population Total: | 3313 |
| Population Density Km2: | 355.57 |
| Population Density Sq Mi: | 921.05 |
| Timezone: | Eastern (EST) |
| Utc Offset: | -5 |
| Timezone Dst: | EDT |
| Utc Offset Dst: | -4 |
| Elevation Ft: | 571 |
| Coordinates: | 38.8186°N -82.1933°W |
| Postal Code Type: | ZIP code |
| Postal Code: | 45631 |
| Area Code: | 740 |
| Blank Name: | FIPS code |
| Blank Info: | 39-29204[5] |
| Blank1 Name: | GNIS feature ID |
| Blank1 Info: | 2398939 |
| Website: | Village of Gallipolis website |
Gallipolis ([6]) is a chartered village in and the county seat of Gallia County, Ohio, United States.[7] The municipality is located in Southeast Ohio along the Ohio River about southeast of Chillicothe and northwest of Charleston, West Virginia. The population was 3,313 at the 2020 census. Gallipolis is the second-largest community in the rural Point Pleasant micropolitan area, which includes all of Gallia County, Ohio, and Mason County, West Virginia.
Gallipolis was first settled by Europeans in 1790: "The French 500" were a group of French aristocrats, merchants, and artisans who were fleeing the violence and disruption of the French Revolution.[8] [9] They were led by Count Jean-Joseph de Barth, an Alsatian member of the French National Assembly.[10] It was the second city to be founded in the newly organized Northwest Territory of the United States. It is known as "The Old French City" because of this beginning.[11] This was a time of rampant land speculation in the Northwest Territory, recently opened for settlement after it was organized following the Northwest Indian Wars. The French had worked with the Scioto Company, a purported land development company registered in Paris in 1789, paying its agents for land along the Ohio River. They sailed to the United States on several ships, most to Alexandria, Virginia, outside Washington, DC. From there they traveled over land and by the Ohio River to reach Gallipolis. The French were city people and were taken aback by the undeveloped frontier they encountered.
When they arrived at the Gallipolis area, they learned their deeds of land were worthless. The Scioto Company did not own the land, for which the Ohio Company had an option for development. They survived somehow, building cabins close together in what is now City Park, with a defensive palisade and bastions. In 1795, President George Washington's administration granted the settlers free land in the French Grant in southwest present-day Scioto County, Ohio. Under the terms of this grant, settlers had to live on the land for 5 years and show cultivation to become owners. Settlers who chose to stay in Gallipolis had to pay again for their plots, this time to the Ohio Company.[12] Most either sold their land in the French Grant or arranged to have tenants farm it.
The name Gallipolis is a construct of the Greek or Latin prefix "Galli-" and the Greek suffix "-polis", meaning "city of the French". A US post office called Gallipolis began operating there in 1794.[13]
On November 30, 1893, the state-run Asylum for Epileptics and Epileptic Insane opened. Later it would become the Gallipolis Developmental Center, which is still operational today serving 52 patients with developmental disabilities in the Appalachian Ohio region.[14]
On December 15, 1967, the Silver Bridge, connecting Gallipolis to Point Pleasant, West Virginia, across the Ohio River, collapsed under the weight of rush-hour traffic, resulting in the deaths of 46 people. It had been built in 1928, and analysis showed that the bridge was carrying much heavier loads than it had originally been designed for and had been poorly maintained. It was replaced by the Silver Memorial Bridge, completed in 1969. When the population dropped below 5,000, Gallipolis lost its city status and was classified as a village under state law.[15] It continues to operate its government under its existing city charter.[16]
Gallipolis is located along the Ohio River in the Appalachia region.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 3.83sqmi, of which 3.6sqmi is land and 0.23sqmi is water.[17] Gallipolis is located in the unglaciated hills of southeastern Ohio.
Gallipolis, like most of the state of Ohio, has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfa) transitioning into the neighboring subtropical climate. The village experiences four distinct seasons, with hot, muggy summers, and cold, dry winters. The village is part of USDA Hardiness zone 6b.[18] October is the driest month, with an average of 2.86inches of precipitation.
Winters are cold, with an average January temperature of 34.3F. Snowfall is generally very light, with a mean average snowfall of 10.9inches.[19] The village does not experience lake-effect snow, although the village's weather can be influenced by the Great Lakes and regional topography. On average, there are 109 nights per year when the temperature drops to or below freezing, and only 14 days when the temperature fails to rise above freezing.[19] Summers are hot and humid, with an average July temperature of 78.6F. There are an average of 39 days per year with highs at or above 90F.
Precipitation is generally heavier from the late spring to early summer (May through July), and on average Gallipolis receives 40.3inches of precipitation annually; historically, annual precipitation has ranged from 27.28inches in 1987 to 53.91inches in 2004. Like many places in the Midwest, Gallipolis is subject to severe weather. During the spring and summer, severe thunderstorms may be accompanied by lightning, hail, flooding and tornadoes.[20] [21] Perhaps the most notable tornado event was the 1968 Wheelersburg tornado outbreak.
As of the census[22] of 2010, there were 3,641 people, 1,576 households, and 854 families residing in the village. The population density was 1011.4PD/sqmi. There were 1,869 housing units at an average density of 519.2/sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 89.7% White, 5.1% African American, 0.6% Native American, 1.1% Asian, 0.5% from other races, and 3.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.2% of the population.
There were 1,576 households, of which 24.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 33.9% were married couples living together, 15.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 45.8% were non-families. 39.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.14 and the average family size was 2.81.
The median age in the village was 44.6 years. 18.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.6% were from 25 to 44; 28.7% were from 45 to 64; and 20.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 48.3% male and 51.7% female.
As of the census of 2000, there were 4,180 people, 1,847 households, and 1,004 families residing in the village. The population density was 1156.2sp=usNaNsp=us. There were 2,056 housing units at an average density of 568.7sp=usNaNsp=us. The racial makeup of the village was 90.57% White, 6.44% African American, 0.43% Native American, 0.77% Asian, 0.19% from other races, and 1.60% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.57% of the population.
There were 1,847 households, out of which 23.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.8% were married couples living together, 13.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 45.6% were non-families. 41.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 19.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.11 and the average family size was 2.87.
In the village, the population was spread out, with 20.1% under the age of 18, 7.8% from 18 to 24, 25.7% from 25 to 44, 25.2% from 45 to 64, and 21.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.9 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $25,846, and the median income for a family was $36,477. Males had a median income of $30,032 versus $22,473 for females. The per capita income for the village was $16,728. About 13.6% of families and 21.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 27.3% of those under age 18 and 15.1% of those age 65 or over.
Gallipolis is the hometown of Bob Evans, founder of Bob Evans Restaurants. The first restaurant was located in nearby Rio Grande, Ohio.
Other major employers in Gallipolis/Gallia County include: American Electric Power (General James M. Gavin Plant), Ohio Valley Electric Company (Kyger Creek Power Plant), Holzer Healthcare System, University of Rio Grande, and Gallipolis City Schools.
Gallipolis City Park is located centrally in the city and is the site of original settlement by 18th-century French refugees. Cassius M. Canaday Memorial Playground is in the village's east end. Sports facilities include Memorial Field and Cliffside Golf Club. The waterworks facility on Chestnut Street also has green space and some ballfields. The park is known for "Gallipolis in Lights," a Christmas light display that has received national recognition.[23]
Haskins Memorial Park is contiguous with the golf club. The Elizabeth L. Evans Waterfowl and Bird Sanctuary are adjacent to Memorial Field, which also features a skate park. The Texas Road Wildlife Area is located close by.
The village owns and operates the Pine Street and Mound Hill cemeteries. Mound Hill Park has picnic tables and is adjacent to the cemetery; both have a long view over the Ohio River, the village of Gallipolis, and the opposite shore. At least two persons of the founding French 500 are said to have been buried in Mound Hill cemetery. It was officially established in 1880 but had been used for burials before that.[24]
U.S. Route 35 traverses the community, and provides a link to West Virginia across the Ohio River. State routes include Ohio State Route 7, State Route 141, State Route 160, and State Route 588. Gallipolis is served by the Gallia-Meigs Regional Airport.
There are four schools within the village. The public schools in the city limits are Gallia Academy Middle School and Washington Elementary, both of which belong to the Gallipolis City Schools. The public school district also controls Gallia Academy High School, Green Elementary and Rio Grande Elementary, which are located outside the village limits.
The noted scientist Edward Alexander Bouchet, the first African American to earn a doctorate from an American university, served as principal of the village's Lincoln High School from 1908 to 1913. Educator and amateur mycologist Miron Elisha Hard served as principal from 1873 to 1875.
On November 8, 2005, a bond issue was passed, allowing for both the construction of a new high school and the renovation of the three public elementary schools. The new Gallia Academy High School, which was completed in the summer of 2009, is located at 2855 Centenary Road, a few miles outside the village limits.
In addition there is a private school: Ohio Valley Christian School, which includes both elementary and secondary grades.
The village is served by the Dr. Samuel L. Bossard Memorial Library, the county's only public lending library.[25]