Galashians Explained

Group:Galashians
Native Name:Turkmen: size=90%|Галашкархой
Total:2131
Total Year:1851
Total Source: census
Regions:Ingushetia
Languages:Ingush
Religions:Sunni Islam

Galashians (inh|Галашкахой|Galashkakhoy), were a historical Ingush ethnoterritorial society, which formed in the middle of the 18th century. The name comes from the village of Galashki, which is geographically located in the very center of the society. Galashians were located in the middle and lower reaches of the river Assa and the basin of the river Fortanga.

History

Formation of the Society

The Galashian society formed in the second half of 18th century from the mountain Ingush that settled in lowlands between Assa and Fortanga rivers. The Orstkhoy and Ghalghai (Tsorin and Khamkhin) societies played the greatest role in the formation of the Galashian society. The settlements of the Galashians are first recorded on the map of 1768, where they are marked as Galachi at the confluence of the Assa river into the Sunzha river.

Caucasian War

During the Caucasian War, the Galashians bitterly resisted the Russian expansion in the region and were commonly referred as "un-ruly" or "half-conquered" by the Russian Empire, as they never really did bow under the Russian rule and continued on making raids on Russian royal fortifications and settlements.

The Galashians actively participated on the side of Imamate, so on March of 1840, the Galashian and Karabulak (Orstkhoy) societies participated in the uprising of Chechnya and with their deputies together with Chechens solemnly swore allegiance to Imam Shamil in the large center village of Lesser Chechnya, Urus-Martan, thus becoming part of the Imamate.

As the letter of Muhammad Amin Asiyalav dating back to October of 1848 states, the Naib of Vilayet Kalay (Galashkinskoe Naibstvo) was selected Muhammad-Mirza Anzorov, a Kabardian naib, who also at the time ruled Minor Chechnya as the district of Imamate:

The Galashians were conquered in the end of Caucasian War after numerous punitive expeditions.

Chronology of major events:

Modern History

After the Russian Revolution of 1917, when the Cossack stripes that divided the Ingush societies were mostly eliminated, the official significance of territorial societies weakened, and soon after the formation of the Ingush Autonomous Oblast, it completely disappeared. Nevertheless, for some time the Ingush who inhabited the foothill lands and especially the, continued to be called Galashians.[4]

Demographics

YearPopulationSource
1833 2000 Document
1858 4 000 "Voennyi entsiklopedicheskiy leksion"

See also

Bibliography

English sources

Russian sources

Notes and References

  1. Иоганн Бларамберг. Топографическое, статистическое, этнографическое и военное описание Кавказа. (1830)
  2. Book: Половцов, А. А.. Русский биографический словарь. Дабеловъ—Дчдьковскiй. Типографiя Товарищства «Общественная Польза», Б. Подъяческая, 39. 1905. Санкт-Петербургъ. ru. 197. 9785998959042.
  3. Web site: Акты, собранные Кавказской Археографической комиссии. Т. XII. 1904.
  4. Book: Танкиев, А. Х.. Ингуши. Саратов. 1998.

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