GVAX explained

GVAX is a cancer vaccine composed of whole tumor cells genetically modified to secrete the immune stimulatory cytokine, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and then irradiated to prevent further cell division. The product exists as both autologous (patient specific) and allogeneic (non-patient specific) therapy.[1] __TOC__

History

GVAX was developed around 1993 by Glenn Dranoff, a cancer researcher then at the Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Massachusetts.[2] The therapy was initially developed by a public gene therapy company called Somatix, which was acquired in 1997 by Cell Genesys.[3] That company took the vaccine into Phase III trials in 2004 however these trials were halted in 2008 due to an apparent lack of efficacy.[4] Cell Genesys continued development, however in August 2009, due to funding difficulties, the company announced that it was merging with BioSante Pharmaceuticals.[5] In 2013 BioSante sold the GVAx program to Aduro Biotech, a company based in Berkeley, California.[6] In 2020 Aduro Biotech merged with Chinook Therapeutics, Inc. to form Chinook Therapeutics.[7]

Current development

Aduro Biotech is currently in Phase II with GVAX in pancreatic cancer, where the company is also trialing a combination of GVAX with a PD-1 inhibitor.[8]

Notes and References

  1. Hege KM, Jooss K, Pardoll D . GM-CSF gene-modifed [sic] cancer cell immunotherapies: of mice and men . Int Rev Immunol . 25 . 5–6 . 321–352 . September 2006 . 10.1080/08830180600992498 . 17169779. 24954445 .
  2. Dranoff. Glenn. Vaccination with irradiated tumor cells engineered to secrete murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulates potent, specific, and long-lasting anti-tumor immunity.. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 15 April 1993. 90. 8. 3539–43. 8097319. 10.1073/pnas.90.8.3539. 46336. 1993PNAS...90.3539D. free.
  3. News: Cell Genesys to Buy Somatix Therapy. Los Angeles Times. 14 January 1997.
  4. News: Cell Genesys Halts VITAL-2 GVAX Trial in Advanced Prostate Cancer. Business Wire. 27 August 2008.
  5. News: Carroll. John. BioSante, Cell Genesys merger will provide cash for Phase III. 7 May 2015. Fierce Biotech. 10 August 2009.
  6. News: Aduro announces acquisition of GVAX assets from BioSante. 7 May 2015. Aduro Biotech. 4 February 2013. 24 October 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171024085510/http://investors.aduro.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=242043&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=2025673. dead.
  7. Web site: Chinook Therapeutics Closes Merger with Aduro Biotech and Completes $115 Million Private Placement Financing Chinook Therapeutics, Inc.. 2021-01-26. investors.chinooktx.com. en.
  8. Web site: Aduro Biotech pipeline. 7 May 2015. 7 May 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150507210438/http://www.aduro.com/pipeline/. dead.

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