GUBOPiK explained

Agency Name:Main Directorate for Combating Organized Crime and Corruption of the MVD of the Republic of Belarus
Nativename A:Главное управление по борьбе с организованной преступностью и коррупцией МВД Республики Беларусь (ГУБОПиК)
Nativename R:Glavnoye upravleniye po borʹbe s organizovannoy prestupnostʹyu i korruptsiyey MVD Respubliki Belarusʹ (GUBOPiK)
Type:Special service
Formed:30 December 2003
Preceding1:GUBOP
Jurisdiction:Belarus
Headquarters:Minsk, Belarus
Chief1 Name:Mikalai Karpiankou (2014-2020)
Chief2 Name:Andrei Ananenko (since 2022)

The Main Directorate for Combating Organized Crime and Corruption of the MVD of the Republic of Belarus, is a state security service of Belarus. It has been accused of numerous acts of political repression, violence and torture of political opponents of Alexander Lukashenko's regime.

History

GUBOPiK was created as a unit of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in 1991 and reorganised in 2003.

GUBOPiK has been referred by the media as "one of the main bodies responsible for political persecution" in Belarus".[1] Historically, it was known for pressuring informal right-wing and left-wing groups and for cruel treatment of detained persons.[1]

In 2020 and 2021, during the mass protests that followed a controversial presidential election, GUBOPiK, including its commander Mikalai Karpiankou personally, has been involved in harassment, persecution and torture of human rights activists[1] [2] as well as protesters against the regime of Alexander Lukashenko.[3] [1]

In 2020 and 2021, GUBOPiK has been carrying out raids in the homes and offices of political activists, human rights activists, journalists.[4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10]

On 7 September 2020, GUBOPiK has abducted the politician Maria Kalesnikava. On 9 September 2020, GUBOPiK has reportedly raided the office of presidential candidate Viktar Babaryka.[11]

In the second half of 2020, GUBOPiK officer Stanislav Luponosov sided with the opposition, passed on a large amount of inside information to the movement for free elections and left Belarus.[12] In 2021, a criminal case against Luponosov was opened in Belarus; in April 2023, the Minsk City Court sentenced him in absentia to 18 years in a penal colony and a fine.[13]

In May 2021, GUBOPiK officially confirmed to the public the arrest of blogger Raman Pratasevich after a forced landing of Ryanair Flight 4978 in Minsk following a fake bomb threat.[14]

On 1 June 2021, political prisoner Stsiapan Latypau attempted suicide in courtroom after stating that he had been intimidated by GUBOPiK.[15] [16]

GUBOPiK has reportedly tortured and severely beaten the political prisoner Mikola Dziadok arrested in November 2020[17] [18] [19] [20]

In July 2021, the Belarusian Helsinki Committee, Viasna Human Rights Centre, Belarusian Association of Journalists and several other organisations called for an investigation into alleged torture of at least eight political prisoners by the GUBOPiK.[21]

International sanctions

In November 2020, Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya, leader of the Belarusian democratic opposition and former presidential candidate, has proposed to the international community to officially designate GUBOPiK as a terrorist organisation.[22] [23]

On 21 June 2021, GUBOPiK and its former commander Mikalai Karpiankou were added to Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List of the US Treasury for its role in the crackdown of the protests of 2020-2021:

The Main Directorate for Combating Organized Crime and Corruption of the MVD of the Republic of Belarus (GUBOPiK) continues to play a leading role in the post-election crackdown, including deploying specialized "Attack" units created to perpetrate violence against protesters. For instance, GUBOPiK was involved in a raid on an opposition presidential candidate’s office and the abduction of opposition figure Mariya Kalesnikava. Pratasevich was also in GUBOPiK custody following his arrest.[24]

On the same day, Karpiankou was also sanctioned by the European Union,[25] the United Kingdom,[26] and Canada.[27] On 7 July 2021, Switzerland also joined sanctions against him.[28]

On 2 December 2021, Andrei Parshyn, head of GUBOPiK, and its other high-ranking officials were added to the Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List by the United States Department of the Treasury[29] as well as to the Canadian sanctions list.[30] On that same date, Parshyn was also targeted by financial sanctions of the United Kingdom.[31] In June 2022, Parshyn was blacklisted by the European Union[32] and Switzerland.[33]

Commanders

Notes and References

  1. https://belsat.eu/news/aposhnyaya-apora-uladau-yak-gubazik-perautvaryusya-u-adzin-z-galounyh-organau-palitychnaga-perasledu/ «Апошняя апора ўладаў». Як ГУБАЗіК пераўтварыўся ў адзін з галоўных органаў палітычнага пераследу
  2. https://assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/XRef/Xref-XML2HTML-en.asp?fileid=29094&lang=en Human rights violations in Belarus require an international investigation
  3. https://www.lrt.lt/en/news-in-english/19/1286627/belarusian-torture-victim-asks-lithuania-to-launch-probe-into-regime-violence Belarusian torture victim asks Lithuania to launch probe into regime violence
  4. https://www.svaboda.org/a/31350348.html Сілавікі правялі ператрус у праваабаронцы Салаўёва, калі яго не было дома
  5. https://www.svaboda.org/a/31347051.html Улады заблякавалі сайт «Нашай нівы», чатырох супрацоўнікаў рэдакцыі затрымалі
  6. https://www.svaboda.org/a/31343759.html Праваабаронцы патрабуюць расьсьледаваць катаваньні Дзядка, Латыпава, Анішчука і іншых вязьняў
  7. https://www.svaboda.org/a/31341812.html Беларускі праваабаронца заявіў, што яго катавалі супрацоўнікі ГУБАЗіКа
  8. https://euroradio.fm/syhodzila-lyasami-i-balotami-valyaryna-kustava-ab-tym-yak-zyazdzhala-z-belarusi Сыходзіла лясамі і балотамі — Валярына Кустава аб тым, як з'язджала з Беларусі
  9. https://belsat.eu/news/15-07-2021-masavyya-peratrusy-i-zatrymanni-u-belarusi-za-kim-pryjshli-14-lipenya/ Масавыя ператрусы і затрыманні ў Беларусі: па каго прыйшлі 14 ліпеня
  10. https://belsat.eu/news/23-06-2021-gubazik-zatrymau-50-gadovuyu-zhyharku-goradni-za-udzel-u-aktsyi-pratestu-u-verasni-2020-goda/ ГУБАЗіК затрымаў 50-гадовую гарадзенку за ўдзел у пратэставай акцыі ў верасні 2020 года
  11. https://bypol.org/gubopik ГУБОПиК
  12. Web site: Артём Гарбацевич. Офицер ГУБОПиКа, который передавал информацию демсилам, дал первое интервью: Пусть думают, что я один такой, пусть успокаивают себя. Nasha Niva. 2021-03-25. 2021-12-15. ru. 2021-12-15. https://web.archive.org/web/20211215205939/https://nashaniva.com/?c=ar&i=270383&lang=ru. dead.
  13. Web site: Станислава Лупоносова заочно приговорили к 18 годам колонии. . 2023-06-16. ru.
  14. https://www.gazeta.ru/social/news/2021/05/23/n_16012484.shtml В Минске подтвердили задержание основателя белорусского оппозиционного Telegram-канала NEXTA
  15. https://www.rferl.org/a/belarus-activist-slits-throat/31284721.html Belarusian Activist Cuts His Throat At Hearing, Saying Authorities Threatened His Family, Friends
  16. https://www.rferl.org/a/belarus-pressure-chamber-stsyapan-latypau/31287307.html What Is The Belarusian 'Pressure Chamber' Threat That Drove This Activist To Attempt Suicide?
  17. https://www.delfi.lt/ru/abroad/belorussia/belorusskij-politzaklyuchennyj-dedok-rasskazal-kak-ego-bili-posle-zaderzhaniya.d?id=87606479 Белорусский политзаключенный Дедок рассказал, как его били после задержания
  18. https://novayagazeta.ru/articles/2021/07/01/seichas-poedem-v-gestapo-tam-ty-budesh-plakat-i-nenavidet-sebia-belorusskii-anarkhist-dedok-rasskazal-na-sude-o-pytkakh-pri-zaderzhanii «Сейчас поедем в гестапо, там ты будешь плакать и ненавидеть себя»: белорусский анархист Дедок рассказал на суде о пытках при задержании
  19. https://prisoners.spring96.org/en/person/mikalai-dzjadok MIKALAI DZIADOK, blogger, anarchist
  20. https://belsat.eu/news/01-07-2021-bili-zasouvali-u-rot-butelki-raspylyali-gaz-nu-sudze-mikola-dzyadok-raspavyou-yak-yago-zatrymlivali/ «Білі, засоўвалі ў рот бутэлькі, распылялі газ». Мікола Дзядок распавёў на судзе, як яго затрымлівалі
  21. https://belhelcom.org/ru/news/trebuem-provesti-rassledovanie-po-faktam-pytok-i-zhestokogo-obrashcheniya-v-otnoshenii-nikolaya ТРЕБУЕМ ПРОВЕСТИ РАССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ПО ФАКТАМ ПЫТОК И ЖЕСТОКОГО ОБРАЩЕНИЯ В ОТНОШЕНИИ НИКОЛАЯ ДЕДКА И ДРУГИХ ЗАДЕРЖАННЫХ
  22. https://www.svaboda.org/a/30960975.html Сьвятлана Ціханоўская запускае працэс прызнаньня ГУБАЗіК і АМАП тэрарыстычнымі арганізацыямі
  23. https://euroradio.fm/en/tsikhanouskaya-eager-have-gubopik-and-omon-recognized-terrorists Tsikhanouskaya looks to recognize GUBOPiK and OMON as terrorist organizations
  24. https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy0237 Treasury and International Partners Condemn Ongoing Human Rights Abuses and Erosion of Democracy in Belarus
  25. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32021R0997&from=EN COUNCIL IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) 2021/997
  26. Web site: en. CONSOLIDATED LIST OF FINANCIAL SANCTIONS TARGETS IN THE UK. Office of Financial Sanctions Implementation HM Treasury. 2021-06-25.
  27. Web site: Consolidated Canadian Autonomous Sanctions List. Global Affairs Canada. 2015-10-19. 2021-06-29.
  28. https://www.seco.admin.ch/seco/en/home/Aussenwirtschaftspolitik_Wirtschaftliche_Zusammenarbeit/Wirtschaftsbeziehungen/exportkontrollen-und-sanktionen/sanktionen-embargos/sanktionsmassnahmen/suche_sanktionsadressaten.html Searching for subjects of sanctions
  29. Web site: Treasury Expands Sanctions Against Belarusian Regime with Partners and Allies. 2 December 2021. 10 December 2021. United States Department of the Treasury.
  30. Web site: Backgrounder: Belarus sanctions. 2 January 2022. Global Affairs Canada.
  31. Web site: en. Consolidated List of Financial Sanctions Targets in the UK. 2021-12-14. Office of Financial Sanctions Implementation HM Treasury.
  32. Web site: Official Journal L 153/2022. EUR-Lex. 2023-01-08.
  33. Web site: Searching for subjects of sanctions . .

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