| GSAT | |
| Manufacturer: | ISRO |
| Country: | India |
| Applications: | Communications |
| Orbits: | Geostationary orbit |
| Operator: | INSAT |
| Status: | In service |
| Launched: | 20 |
| Operational: | 14 |
| Retired: | 6 |
The GSAT (Geosynchronous Satellite)[1] satellites are India's indigenously developed communications satellites, used for digital audio, data and video broadcasting. As of 5 December 2018, 20 GSAT satellites manufactured by ISRO have been launched, out of which 14 are in service.
The GSAT series of geosynchronous satellites is a system developed by ISRO with an objective to make India self-reliant in broadcasting services. The system includes a total of 168 transponders (out of which 95 are leased out to provide services to broadcasters) in the C, Extended C and Ku bands, providing services to telecommunications, television broadcasting, weather forecasting, disaster warning and search and rescue operations.
This is a list of GSAT satellites and their status.
| Longitude | Date of launch | Launch vehicle | Lift-off mass | Status | Notes | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GSAT series | INSAT series | Known as | ||||||||
| GSAT-1 | style="text-align:center;" | - | GramSat 1[2] | 73° West (2000) 99° West (2000–2006) 76.85° West (2006–2009) | 18 April 2001 |  GSLV Mk I D1 | 1540kg (3,400lb) | Envisaged as a technology demonstrator; Failed to achieve its target orbit, which prevented it from fulfilling its primary communications mission. | ||
| GSAT-2 | style="text-align:center;" | - | GramSat 2[3] | 47.95° East | 8 May 2003 | GSLV Mk I D2 | 1825kg (4,023lb) | Experimental communication satellite on board the second developmental test flight of India's GSLV. | ||
| style="text-align:center;" | - | EduSat | 74° East | 20 September 2004 | nowrap | GSLV Mk I F01 | 1950kg (4,300lb) | Built exclusively to serve the educational sector. It was mainly intended to meet the demand for an interactive satellite-based distance education system for the country. | ||
| style="text-align:center;" | - | nowrap | HealthSat | 82° East | 15 April 2010 | GSLV Mk II D3 | 2220kg (4,890lb) | Experimental communication and navigation satellite; maiden flight of the GSLV Mk.II rocket. | ||
| GSAT-5 | nowrap | INSAT-4D[4] | GSLV Mk II | 2250kg (4,960lb) | Rebuilt as the GSAT-5P. | |||||
| nowrap | GSAT-5P | style="text-align:center;" | - | 55° East | 25 December 2010 | GSLV Mk I F06 | 2310kg (5,090lb) | As a replacement for INSAT-3E. | ||
| GSAT-6 | INSAT-4E | 83° East | 27 August 2015 | GSLV Mk II D6 | 2132kg (4,700lb) | A multimedia mobile satellite system; will offer a Satellite Digital Multimedia Broadcasting (S-DMB) service, via mobile phones and mobile video/audio receivers for vehicles; can also be utilized for strategic and social applications. | ||||
| nowrap | GSAT-6A | style="text-align:center;" | - | 29 March 2018 | GSLV Mk II F08 | 2140kg (4,720lb) | Communication with the satellite was lost after the second orbit raising manoeuvre. Efforts are on to re-establish link but at this point it remains incommunicado.[5] | |||
| GSAT-7 | nowrap | INSAT-4F[6] | Rukmani | 74° East | 30 August 2013 | Ariane 5 ECA VA-215 | 2650kg (5,840lb) | According to defense experts, to enable the Indian Navy to acquire blue water capabilities and remove dependence on foreign satellites like Inmarsat, which provide communication services to its ships. | ||
| nowrap | GSAT-7A | style="text-align:center;" | - | Angry Bird | 19 December 2018 | GSLV Mk II F11 | 2250kg (4,960lb) | GSAT-7A is an advanced military communications satellite meant exclusively for the Indian Air Force. | ||
| nowrap | GSAT-7B | style="text-align:center;" | - | 20XX | GSLV Mk II F? | Military communication satellite for Indian Army[7] | ||||
| nowrap | GSAT-7C | style="text-align:center;" | - | 20XX | GSLV Mk II F? | Military communication satellite for Indian Air Force[8] | ||||
| nowrap | GSAT-7R | style="text-align:center;" | - | 20XX | GSLV Mk II F? | Replacement for GSAT-7 Rukmini for Indian Navy[9] | ||||
| GSAT-8 | INSAT-4G | GramSat 8[10] | 55° East | 20 May 2011 | nowrap | Ariane 5 ECA VA-202 | 3093kg (6,819lb) | To augment the capacity in the INSAT system; the GAGAN payload provides the Satellite Based Augmentation System (SBAS), through which the accuracy of the positioning information obtained from the IRNSS satellites is improved by a network of ground-based receivers and made available to users in the country through the geostationary satellites. | ||
| GSAT-9 | style="text-align:center;" | - | South Asia Satellite | 48° East | 5 May 2017 | GSLV Mk II F09 | 2330kg (5,140lb) | Carried GAGAN navigation payload, a regional NAVIC navigational system developed by India, that provides navigational services to the security forces and air traffic control organizations. | ||
| GSAT-10 | style="text-align:center;" | - | 83° East | 29 September 2012[11] | Ariane 5 ECA VA-209 | 3435kg (7,573lb) | To augment telecommunication, direct-to-home and radio navigation services. | |||
| GSAT-11 | style="text-align:center;" | - | 74° East | 4 December 2018 | Ariane 5 ECA VA-246 | 5854 kg (12,906 lb) | Aimed at providing advanced telecom and direct-to-home services in the country. Heaviest satellite built by India. | |||
| GSAT-12 | style="text-align:center;" | - | nowrap | GramSat 12[12] | 83° East | 15 July 2011 | PSLV-XL C17 | 1412kg (3,113lb) | Replacement of the INSAT-3B; to provide services like tele-education, telemedicine, disaster management support and satellite internet access. Only GSAT satellite to be launched by PSLV. | |
| GSAT-12R | style="text-align:center;" | - | CMS-01 | 83° East | 17 December 2020 | PSLV-XL C50 | Replacement satellite of GSAT-12. | |||
| GSAT-14 | style="text-align:center;" | - | 75° East | 5 January 2014 | GSLV Mk.II D5 | 1982kg (4,370lb) | To replace the GSAT-3 satellite; launched by a GSLV Mk.II, which incorporated an Indian-built cryogenic engine on the third stage. | |||
| GSAT-15 | style="text-align:center;" | - | 93.5° East | 10 November 2015 | Ariane 5 ECA VA-227 | 3100kg (6,800lb) | Similar to GSAT-10 satellite; to augment the capacity of transponders to provide more bandwidth for direct-to-home television and VSAT services. | |||
| GSAT-16 | style="text-align:center;" | - | 55° East | 6 December 2014 | Ariane 5 ECA VA-221 | 3150kg (6,950lb) | [13] | The communication payloads provide a combination of total 48 transponders across the three frequency bands (24 in Normal C band, 12 in Extended-C band and 12 in Ku-band) along with a Ku-band beacon transmitter, which is the highest for an Indian satellite. The spacecraft will be co-located with GSAT-8 at 55 deg E. | ||
| GSAT-17 | style="text-align:center;" | - | 93.5° East | 28 June 2017 | Ariane 5 ECA VA-238 | 3,477 kg (7,551 lb) | [14] | Payload includes 24 C-band, 2 lower C-band, 12 upper C-band, 2 CxS (C-band up/S-band down), and 1 SxC (S-band up/C-band down) transponders as well as a dedicated transponder for data relay (DRT) and search-and-rescue (SAR) services. | ||
| GSAT-18 | style="text-align:center;" | - | 74° East | 5 October 2016 | Ariane 5 ECAVA-231 | 3404kg (7,505lb) | To provide services in Normal C-band, Upper Extended C-band and Ku bands of the frequency spectrum.[15] | |||
| GSAT-19 | style="text-align:center;" | - | 48° East | 5 June 2017 | LVM3 D1 | 3136kg (6,914lb) | [16] | Maiden (developmental) flight of GSLV Mark III | ||
| GSAT-20 | style="text-align:center;" | - | CMS-03 GSAT-N2 | 55° East | Q2 2024 |  Falcon 9 Block 5 | 5,300 kg (11,684 lb) | [17] | ||
| nowrap | GSAT-22 | style="text-align:center;" | - | 2024 | LVM3 | [18] | ||||
| nowrap | GSAT-23 | style="text-align:center;" | - | 2024 | LVM3 | |||||
| GSAT-24 | style="text-align:center;" | - | CMS-02 GSAT-N1 | 48° East | 22 June 2022 | Ariane 5 ECA VA-257 | ||||
| nowrap | GSAT-29 | style="text-align:center;" | - | 55° East | 14 November 2018 | LVM3 D2 | [19] | Second developmental flight of GSLV Mark III | ||
| GSAT-30 | 83° East | 17 January 2020 | Ariane 5 ECA VA-251 | [20] | Replacement satellite for INSAT-4A | |||||
| GSAT-31 | 48° East | 6 February 2019 | Ariane 5 ECA VA-247 | [21] | ||||||
| GSAT-32 | GSAT-N3 | Q1 2025 | LVM3 | Replacement of GSAT–6A. | ||||||