GR 34 explained
The long-distance hiking trail 34 (French: Sentier de grande randonnée 34 or GR 34 for short) is a French coastal path that starts from Mont-Saint-Michel (Manche) and ends in Saint-Nazaire (Loire-Atlantique). It runs along almost the entire coast of the Brittany region from Mont Saint-Michel and, beyond the limit between Morbihan and Loire-Atlantique, to the mouth of the Loire. It stretches over 1700km (1,100miles). It largely follows former customs paths. These paths, gradually abandoned during the first half of the 20th century, allowed customs officers to patrol the coast from their guardhouses, located at key observation points on the Brittany coast.[1]
Origins
The Breton coastal path has its origins in the late 18th century, after the French Revolution. Among the measures adopted by the National Constituent Assembly (1789–1791) at the end of the French: [[Ferme générale]] was the creation on 23 April 1791 of the National Customs Authority (French: Régie nationale des douanes).[2] By a decree of 5 November 1790, the Constituent Assembly thus abolished all internal borders and decided to "retreat customs to the borders".
It was in this context that the Breton customs officers' path was created in 1791. The men, who ensured the surveillance in pairs, took turns every two hours and had the task of monitoring the coasts and fighting smuggling. Along the path, gabions, cabins, huts, straw huts and many small dry-stone constructions built by the customs officers themselves provided places to stop.[3] [4] They are in addition to the official positions provided by the Customs Administration.
The objectives of the path were fourfold:
- to stop contraband, especially that due to illegal landings of English goods
- to defend the coasts, with the creation, from 1831, of a military customs body
- to rescue shipwreck victims and ensure that inhabitants did not loot stranded ships
- to carry out police missions
Recent history
- 1968: the first long-distance hiking trail, between Beg Leguer and Pors Mabo (in Trébeurden) near Lannion (Côtes-d'Armor), was initiated by Émile Orain, who in 1967 mobilized friends and youth groups to clear this section of the pink granite coast.[5]
- 1974: the National Committee for Long-Distance Hiking Trails created the first section of the long-distance hiking trail in Finistère, linking Douarnenez to Faou. It belonged to the GR 37, but part would be linked to the GR 34.
- 1976: the law of easement of passage by the sea (law no. 1285 of December 31, 1976) was passed, meaning that "The riparian properties of the public maritime domain are encumbered, on a strip 3 meters wide, to leave a right of way intended to ensure exclusively the passage of pedestrians."
- 1978: the French Federation of Hiking in Brittany was created.
- 2008: the complete markup of the Breton GR was completed, the hiker being able to cover its 1,700 km in one go.
- 2017: the Finistère section was elected as the Best French GR of 2017.[6] [7]
Route
Economy
In 2018, the trail was used by 9 million users, 40% of whom were locals and 60% tourists. The local economic benefits are estimated at 202 million euros.[17]
See also
External links
Notes and References
- News: Les 40 ans du GR 34. supplement. . 542 . May 2008.
- Web site: Histoire de la douane française . fr. www.douane.gouv.fr . 2019-08-01 .
- Web site: Sentier des douaniers : une autre trace de l'histoire . fr. The Customs Path: another trace of history. Ouest-France.fr . 11 May 2014.
- J. . Rousset-Nevers . 1986 – Exposition sur le sentier des douaniers . fr. 1986 – Exhibition on the Customs Path. Bulletin de la société historique et archéologique d'Arcachon . 4e trimestre . 1986 . 0339-7955 . 35–38 .
- News: Xavier . Terrien. Randonnée. Les enfants du GR34. fr. Hiking. The children of the GR34. Le Télégramme. 30 April 2018. 22648. 6.
- Web site: fr . Finistère : le sentier des douaniers élu "GR préféré des Français 2017" . Finistère: the customs trail elected "Favorite GR of the French 2017" . . 19 July 2019.
- Web site: Mon GR préféré saison1 – GR® 34 : destination baie de Morlaix . fr . My favorite GR season 1 – GR® 34: destination bay of Morlaix . mongr.fr . 13 March 2021 . 28 September 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200928191306/https://www.mongr.fr/sinspirer/mon-gr-prefere/gr-34-destination-baie-de-morlaix . dead .
- Book: Côte d'Emeraude : les Chemins du Mont-Saint-Michel - GR®34 . fr. The Emerald Coast: The Paths of Mont-Saint-Michel - GR®34 . March 2019. 7.
- Web site: GR® 34, de Saint-Malo à Saint-Cast-le-Guildo. fr. GR® 34, from Saint-Malo to Saint-Cast-le-Guildo. Fédération Française de la Randonnée Pédestre. 19 March 2021.
- Book: Côte de Granit rose - GR®34. fr. Fédération Française de la Randonnée Pédestre. March 2020. 14.
- Web site: Les Abers et la presqu'île du Crozon - GR®34 de Morlaix à Douarnenez . fr . Les Abers and the peninsula of Crozon - GR®34 from Morlaix to Douarnenez. Fédération Française de la Randonnée Pédestre . April 2020. 6.
- Web site: Le Pays d'Iroise... à pied® . fr . The Pays d'Iroise... on foot®. Fédération Française de la Randonnée Pédestre . May 2019. 4.
- Book: Le Tour des Monts d'Arrée et la presqu'île de Crozon - GR®34 . fr . The tour of the Monts d'Arrée and the Crozon peninsula - GR®34 . Fédération Française de la Randonnée Pédestre . June 2019 . 5.
- Book: La pointe du Raz et les Montagnes Noires - GR®34 . fr . The Pointe du Raz and the Black Mountains - GR®34 . Fédération Française de la Randonnée Pédestre . May 2020 . 4.
- Book: Le littoral et les îles du Morbihan - GR® 34 . fr. The coast and isles of Morbihan - GR® 34 . Fédération Française de la Randonnée Pédestre . July 2020. 7.
- Book: De la Vilaine à la Loire, par le littoral, la Brière et les marais salants - GR®34 . fr. From the Vilaine to the Loire, by the coast, la Brière and the salt marshes - GR®34 . Fédération Française de la Randonnée Pédestre . June 2018 . 1.
- Web site: fr . Le GR34, un succès touristique, mais aussi économique . The GR34, a tourist success, but also economic. . 19 July 2019.
