GPLD1 explained

Phosphatidylinositol-glycan-specific phospholipase D is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GPLD1 gene.^{[1] [2]}

Many proteins are tethered to the extracellular face of eukaryotic plasma membranes by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor. The GPI-anchor is a glycolipid found on many blood cells. The protein encoded by the GPLD1 gene is a GPI degrading enzyme that hydrolyzes the inositol phosphate linkage in proteins anchored by phosphatidylinositol glycans, thereby releasing the attached protein from the plasma membrane.

Plasma concentrations of Gpld1 in mice were found to increase after exercise and to correlate with improved cognitive function, and concentrations of GPLD1 in blood were increased in active elderly humans.^{[3] [4]}

Interactions

GPLD1 has been shown to interact with Apolipoprotein A1^[5] and APOA4.^[5]

Further reading

• Hoener MC, Brodbeck U . Phosphatidylinositol-glycan-specific phospholipase D is an amphiphilic glycoprotein that in serum is associated with high-density lipoproteins . European Journal of Biochemistry . 206 . 3 . 747–57 . June 1992 . 1606959 . 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1992.tb16981.x . free .
• Scallon BJ, Fung WJ, Tsang TC, Li S, Kado-Fong H, Huang KS, Kochan JP . Primary structure and functional activity of a phosphatidylinositol-glycan-specific phospholipase D . Science . 252 . 5004 . 446–8 . April 1991 . 2017684 . 10.1126/science.2017684 . 1991Sci...252..446S .
• Metz CN, Brunner G, Choi-Muira NH, Nguyen H, Gabrilove J, Caras IW, Altszuler N, Rifkin DB, Wilson EL, Davitz MA . 6 . Release of GPI-anchored membrane proteins by a cell-associated GPI-specific phospholipase D . The EMBO Journal . 13 . 7 . 1741–51 . April 1994 . 7512501 . 395007 . 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1994.tb06438.x .
• Jinnai H, Nakamura S . Characterization of phospholipase D activation by GM2 activator in a cell-free system . The Kobe Journal of Medical Sciences . 45 . 3–4 . 181–90 . August 1999 . 10752311 .
• Deeg MA, Bierman EL, Cheung MC . GPI-specific phospholipase D associates with an apoA-I- and apoA-IV-containing complex . Journal of Lipid Research . 42 . 3 . 442–51 . March 2001 . 10.1016/S0022-2275(20)31669-2 . 11254757 . free .
• Tang J, Li W . [Methodological study on the assay of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase D activity in serum] . Hunan Yi Ke da Xue Xue Bao = Hunan Yike Daxue Xuebao = Bulletin of Hunan Medical University . 24 . 2 . 119–22 . 2002 . 11938765 .
• Slomiany A, Nishikawa H, Slomiany BL . Screening and modulation of extracellular signals by mucous barrier. Serum glycosylphosphatidylinositol phospholipase D (GPI-PLD) releases protective mucous barrier from oral mucosa . Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology . 53 . 1 . 21–38 . March 2002 . 11939716 .
• Jaworek J, Bonio J, Leja-Szpa A, Nawrot K, Tomaszewska MR, Stachura J, Pawlik WW, Konturek SJ . 6 . Sensory nerves in central and peripheral control of pancreatic integrity by leptin and melatonin . Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology . 53 . 1 . 51–74 . March 2002 . 11939719 .
• Deeg MA, Bowen RF . Phosphorylation decreases trypsin activation and apolipoprotein al binding to glycosylphosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase D . Biochemistry and Cell Biology . 80 . 2 . 253–60 . 2002 . 11989719 . 10.1139/o02-004 .
• Xiaotong H, Hannocks MJ, Hampson I, Brunner G . GPI-specific phospholipase D mRNA expression in tumor cells of different malignancy . Clinical & Experimental Metastasis . 19 . 4 . 291–9 . 2002 . 12090469 . 10.1023/A:1015545407700 . 2868010 .
• Magnusson P, Sharp CA, Farley JR . Different distributions of human bone alkaline phosphatase isoforms in serum and bone tissue extracts . Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry . 325 . 1–2 . 59–70 . November 2002 . 12367767 . 10.1016/S0009-8981(02)00248-6 .
• Tang JH, Gu SL, Zhang XJ . [Preliminary study of the gene structure of human glycosylphosphatidylinositol specific phospholipase D] . Hunan Yi Ke da Xue Xue Bao = Hunan Yike Daxue Xuebao = Bulletin of Hunan Medical University . 26 . 2 . 95–7 . April 2001 . 12536633 .
• Kurtz TA, Fineberg NS, Considine RV, Deeg MA . Insulin resistance is associated with increased serum levels of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase D . Metabolism . 53 . 2 . 138–9 . February 2004 . 14767861 . 10.1016/j.metabol.2003.09.004 .
• Lugli EB, Pouliot M, Portela M, Loomis MR, Raper J . Characterization of primate trypanosome lytic factors . Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology . 138 . 1 . 9–20 . November 2004 . 15500911 . 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2004.07.004 .
• Everett PB, Senogles SE . D3 dopamine receptor activates phospholipase D through a pertussis toxin-insensitive pathway . Neuroscience Letters . 371 . 1 . 34–9 . November 2004 . 15500962 . 10.1016/j.neulet.2004.08.033 . 27173449 .
• Mead KI, Zheng Y, Manzotti CN, Perry LC, Liu MK, Burke F, Powner DJ, Wakelam MJ, Sansom DM . 6 . Exocytosis of CTLA-4 is dependent on phospholipase D and ADP ribosylation factor-1 and stimulated during activation of regulatory T cells . Journal of Immunology . 174 . 8 . 4803–11 . April 2005 . 15814706 . 10.4049/jimmunol.174.8.4803 . free .

Notes and References

1. Schofield JN, Rademacher TW . Structure and expression of the human glycosylphosphatidylinositol phospholipase D1 (GPLD1) gene . Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression . 1494 . 1–2 . 189–94 . November 2000 . 11072085 . 10.1016/s0167-4781(00)00194-9 .
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: GPLD1 glycosylphosphatidylinositol specific phospholipase D1.
3. Horowitz AM, Fan X, Bieri G, Smith LK, Sanchez-Diaz CI, Schroer AB, Gontier G, Casaletto KB, Kramer JH, Williams KE, Villeda SA . 6 . Blood factors transfer beneficial effects of exercise on neurogenesis and cognition to the aged brain . Science . 369 . 6500 . 167–173 . July 2020 . 32646997 . 10.1126/science.aaw2622 . 2020Sci...369..167H . 220428681 . 7879650 .
4. Web site: Harris . Richard . vanc . An Enzyme That Increases With Exercise Can Improve Memory In Mice, And Maybe People . . 9 June 2020 .
5. Deeg MA, Bierman EL, Cheung MC . GPI-specific phospholipase D associates with an apoA-I- and apoA-IV-containing complex . Journal of Lipid Research . 42 . 3 . 442–51 . March 2001 . 10.1016/S0022-2275(20)31669-2 . 11254757 . free .