GPHA2 explained

Glycoprotein hormone alpha-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GPHA2 gene.^{[1] [2]}

GPHA2 is a cystine knot-forming polypeptide and a subunit of the dimeric glycoprotein hormone family (Hsu et al., 2002).[supplied by OMIM]

References

7. Z. Gong, W. Wang, K. El Omari, A. A. Lebedev, O. B. Clarke, W. A. Hendrickson, Crystal structure of LGR ligand alpha2/beta5 from Caenorhabditis elegans with implications for the evolution of glycoprotein hormones. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 120 (1), e2218630120 (2023). https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2218630120#

Further reading

• Suzuki C, Nagasaki H, Okajima Y . The LIM domain homeobox gene isl-1 is a positive regulator of glycoprotein alpha 2 (GPA2), a subunit of thyrostimulin . Regul. Pept. . 142 . 1–2 . 60–7 . 2007 . 17363077 . 10.1016/j.regpep.2007.01.009 . 24382046 . etal.
• Breous E, Wenzel A, Loos U . Promoter cloning and characterisation of the transcriptional regulation of the human thyrostimulin A2 subunit . Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. . 245 . 1–2 . 169–80 . 2006 . 16376481 . 10.1016/j.mce.2005.11.009 . 21211666 .
• Sudo S, Kuwabara Y, Park JI . Heterodimeric fly glycoprotein hormone-alpha2 (GPA2) and glycoprotein hormone-beta5 (GPB5) activate fly leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor-1 (DLGR1) and stimulation of human thyrotropin receptors by chimeric fly GPA2 and human GPB5 . Endocrinology . 146 . 8 . 3596–604 . 2005 . 15890769 . 10.1210/en.2005-0317 . etal. free .
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA . The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) . Genome Res. . 14 . 10B . 2121–7 . 2004 . 15489334 . 10.1101/gr.2596504 . 528928 . etal.
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . etal. free .
• Hsu SY, Nakabayashi K, Bhalla A . Evolution of glycoprotein hormone subunit genes in bilateral metazoa: identification of two novel human glycoprotein hormone subunit family genes, GPA2 and GPB5 . Mol. Endocrinol. . 16 . 7 . 1538–51 . 2003 . 12089349 . 10.1210/mend.16.7.0871 . free .
• Nakabayashi K, Matsumi H, Bhalla A . Thyrostimulin, a heterodimer of two new human glycoprotein hormone subunits, activates the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor . J. Clin. Invest. . 109 . 11 . 1445–52 . 2002 . 12045258 . 10.1172/JCI14340 . 150994 . etal.

Notes and References

1. Hsu SY, Nakabayashi K, Nishi S, Kumagai J, Kudo M, Sherwood OD, Hsueh AJ . Activation of orphan receptors by the hormone relaxin . Science . 295 . 5555 . 671–4 . Jan 2002 . 11809971 . 10.1126/science.1065654 . 2002Sci...295..671H . 32693420 .
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: GPHA2 glycoprotein hormone alpha 2.