GPAT4 explained

Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 4 is a glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase that in humans is encoded by the GPAT4 gene.^[1]

Function

GPAT4 is involved in the biosynthesis of triglycerides.^[2] The majority of triglycerides are synthesised from glycerol 3-phosphate (G3P) via the addition of three fatty acyl-CoA substrates, which are made from fatty acids. The first of these additions is catalysed by glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferases (GPATs: EC 2.3.1.15), including GPAT4, yielding lysophosphatidic acid.^[3] GPAT4 has been shown to be important for lactation, with quantitative trait locus (QTL) for several milk production and composition traits observed at this locus in cattle.^[4]

Further reading

• Tan XJ, Huang ZP, Li LY, Nie DS, Zhong CG, Fu JJ, Lu GX . Molecular cloning and preliminary function study of a novel human gene, TSARG7, related to spermatogenesis . Yi Chuan Xue Bao . 33 . 4 . 294–303 . April 2006 . 16625827 . 10.1016/S0379-4172(06)60054-1 .
• Shan D, Li JL, Wu L, Li D, Hurov J, Tobin JF, Gimeno RE, Cao J . GPAT3 and GPAT4 are regulated by insulin-stimulated phosphorylation and play distinct roles in adipogenesis . J. Lipid Res. . 51 . 7 . 1971–81 . July 2010 . 20181984 . 2882735 . 10.1194/jlr.M006304 . free .

Notes and References

1. Web site: Entrez Gene: Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 4. 2018-10-10.
2. Coleman RA, Lee DP . Enzymes of triacylglycerol synthesis and their regulation . Progress in Lipid Research . 43 . 2 . 134–76 . March 2004 . 14654091 . 10.1016/S0163-7827(03)00051-1 .
3. Chen YQ, Kuo MS, Li S, Bui HH, Peake DA, Sanders PE, Thibodeaux SJ, Chu S, Qian YW, Zhao Y, Bredt DS, Moller DE, Konrad RJ, Beigneux AP, Young SG, Cao G . AGPAT6 is a novel microsomal glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase . Journal of Biological Chemistry . 283 . 15 . 10048–57 . April 2008 . 18238778 . 2442282 . 10.1074/jbc.M708151200 . free .
4. Littlejohn MD, Tiplady K, Lopdell T, Law TA, Scott A, Harland C, Sherlock R, Henty K, Obolonkin V, Lehnert K, Macgibbon A, Spelman RJ, Davis SR, Snell RG . Expression Variants of the Lipogenic AGPAT6 Gene Affect Diverse Milk Composition Phenotypes in Bos taurus . PLOS ONE . 9 . 1 . e85757 . January 2014 . 24465687 . 3897493 . 10.1371/journal.pone.0085757 . 2014PLoSO...985757L . free .