GOST 16876-71 (Russian: ГОСТ 16876-71) is a romanization system (for transliteration of Russian Cyrillic alphabet texts into the Latin alphabet) devised by the National Administration for Geodesy and Cartography of the Soviet Union. It is based on the scientific transliteration system used in linguistics. GOST was an international standard so it included provision for a number of the languages of the Soviet Union. The standard was revised twice in 1973 and 1980 with minor changes.
GOST 16876-71 contains two tables of a transliteration:
In 1978, COMECON adopted GOST 16876-71 with minor modifications as its official transliteration standard, under the name of SEV 1362-78 (Russian: СЭВ 1362-78).
GOST 16876-71 was used by the United Nations to develop its romanization system for geographical names,[1] which was adopted for official use by the United Nations at the Fifth United Nations Conference on the Standardization of Geographical Names in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, in 1987. UN system relies on diacritics to compensate for non-Russian Cyrillic alphabets.
In 2002, the Russian Federation along with a number of CIS countries abandoned the use of GOST 16876 in favor of ISO 9:1995, which was adopted as GOST 7.79-2000.
| Cyrillic | GOST 16876-71 table 1 | GOST 16876-71 table 2 | GOST 7.79-2000, system A;ISO (1995) | GOST 7.79-2000, system B | UN 1987 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| А а | a | |||||
| Б б | b | |||||
| В в | v | |||||
| Г г | g | |||||
| Д д | d | |||||
| Е е | e | e | e | e | ||
| Ё ё | ë | jo | ë | yo | ë | |
| Ж ж | ž | zh | ž | zh | ž | |
| З з | z | |||||
| И и | i | |||||
| Й й | j | jj | j | j | j | |
| К к | k | |||||
| Л л | l | |||||
| М м | m | |||||
| Н н | n | |||||
| О о | o | |||||
| П п | p | |||||
| Р р | r | |||||
| С с | s | |||||
| Т т | t | |||||
| У у | u | |||||
| Ф ф | f | |||||
| Х х | kh | h | kh | h | ||
| Ц ц | c | c | c | c | ||
| Ч ч | č | ch | č | ch | č | |
| Ш ш | š | sh | š | sh | š | |
| Щ щ | shh | ŝ | shh | šč | ||
| Ъ ъ | ||||||
| Ы ы | y | y | y | y' | y | |
| Ь ь | ||||||
| Э э | è | eh | è | e' | è | |
| Ю ю | ju | û | yu | ju | ||
| Я я | ja | â | ya | ja | ||
| Cyrillic | GOST 16876-71 table 1 | GOST 16876-71 table 2 | GOST 7.79-2000, system A;ISO (1995) | GOST 7.79-2000, system B; ISO (1995) | UN 1987 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-1918 letters | |||||||||
| І і | ì | ih | ì | ĭ | |||||
| Ѳ ѳ | - | - | f̀ | fh | ḟ | ||||
| Ѣ ѣ | - | - | ě | ye | ě | ||||
| Ѵ ѵ | - | - | ỳ | yh | ẏ | ||||
The letters і, ѳ, ѣ, ѵ are found in texts from before the Russian orthographic reform of 1918.
During 1995—2009 the Ukrainian Derzhstandart tried to introduce the new system of transliteration instead of the Soviet one, though none of the draft projects were accepted officially.[2] [3]
| ґ | є | и | і | ї | й | х | ||||
| GOST 16876-71 table 1 | g | – | ê, je | i | ì | ì | j | h, ch | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GOST 16876-71 table 2 | g | – | je | i | ih | ji | jj | kh | ||
| Derzhstandart (project 2008) | h | g | ê, je* | y | i | ï, ji* | j | x |
. Technical reference manual for the standardization of geographical names. United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names . United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names. 2007 . United Nations . New York. 44–45. 6 April 2011 . 978-92-1-161500-5.
. Technical reference manual for the standardization of geographical names. United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names. United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names. 2007. United Nations. New York. 44–45. https://web.archive.org/web/20110628145934/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/UNGEGN/docs/pubs/UNGEGN%20tech%20ref%20manual_m87_combined.pdf. 2011-06-28. 6 April 2011. dead. 978-92-1-161500-5.