GNRH2 explained

Progonadoliberin-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNRH2 gene.^{[1] [2] [3]}

The protein encoded by this gene is a preproprotein that is cleaved to form a secreted 10 aa peptide hormone, QHWSHGWYPG.^[4] The secreted decapeptide regulates reproduction in females by stimulating the secretion of both luteinizing- and follicle-stimulating hormones. Three transcript variants that encode unique proproteins but the same peptide hormone have been found for this gene. The peptide belongs to gonadotropin-releasing hormone family.

Further reading

• Neill JD . GnRH and GnRH receptor genes in the human genome . Endocrinology . 143 . 3 . 737–43 . 2002 . 11861490 . 10.1210/endo.143.3.8705 . free .
• Leung PC, Cheng CK, Zhu XM . Multi-factorial role of GnRH-I and GnRH-II in the human ovary . Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. . 202 . 1–2 . 145–53 . 2004 . 12770744 . 10.1016/S0303-7207(03)00076-5. 24945436 .
• Limonta P, Moretti RM, Marelli MM, Motta M . The biology of gonadotropin hormone-releasing hormone: role in the control of tumor growth and progression in humans . Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology . 24 . 4 . 279–95 . 2004 . 14726258 . 10.1016/j.yfrne.2003.10.003 . 33327806 .
• Bloch B, Gaillard RC, Culler MD, Negro-Vilar A . Immunohistochemical detection of proluteinizing hormone-releasing hormone peptides in neurons in the human hypothalamus . J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. . 74 . 1 . 135–8 . 1992 . 10.1210/jcem.74.1.1727812 . 1727812 .
• Chen A, Laskar-Levy O, Ben-Aroya N, Koch Y . Transcriptional regulation of the human GnRH II gene is mediated by a putative cAMP response element . Endocrinology . 142 . 8 . 3483–92 . 2001 . 11459794 . 10.1210/endo.142.8.8302 . free .
• Deloukas P, Matthews LH, Ashurst J . The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 20 . Nature . 414 . 6866 . 865–71 . 2002 . 11780052 . 10.1038/414865a . 2001Natur.414..865D . etal. free .
• Gründker C, Günthert AR, Millar RP, Emons G . Expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone II (GnRH-II) receptor in human endometrial and ovarian cancer cells and effects of GnRH-II on tumor cell proliferation . J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. . 87 . 3 . 1427–30 . 2002 . 10.1210/jcem.87.3.8437 . 11889221 . free .
• Chen A, Zi K, Laskar-Levy O, Koch Y . The transcription of the hGnRH-I and hGnRH-II genes in human neuronal cells is differentially regulated by estrogen . J. Mol. Neurosci. . 18 . 1–2 . 67–76 . 2002 . 11931351 . 10.1385/JMN:18:1-2:65 . 289773 .
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . etal. free .
• Cheng CK, Hoo RL, Chow BK, Leung PC . Functional cooperation between multiple regulatory elements in the untranslated exon 1 stimulates the basal transcription of the human GnRH-II gene . Mol. Endocrinol. . 17 . 7 . 1175–91 . 2004 . 12663744 . 10.1210/me.2002-0418 . free .
• Islami D, Bischof P, Chardonnens D . Possible interactions between leptin, gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH-I and II) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) . Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. . 110 . 2 . 169–75 . 2004 . 12969578 . 10.1016/S0301-2115(03)00185-4 .
• Chou CS, Beristain AG, MacCalman CD, Leung PC . Cellular localization of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) I and GnRH II in first-trimester human placenta and decidua . J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. . 89 . 3 . 1459–66 . 2004 . 15001648 . 10.1210/jc.2003-031636 . free .
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA . The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) . Genome Res. . 14 . 10B . 2121–7 . 2004 . 15489334 . 10.1101/gr.2596504 . 528928 . etal.
• An BS, Choi JH, Choi KC, Leung PC . Differential role of progesterone receptor isoforms in the transcriptional regulation of human gonadotropin-releasing hormone I (GnRH I) receptor, GnRH I, and GnRH II . J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. . 90 . 2 . 1106–13 . 2005 . 15562029 . 10.1210/jc.2004-0318 . free .
• Tanriverdi F, Gonzalez-Martinez D, Silveira LF . Expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone type-I (GnRH-I) and type-II (GnRH-II) in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMBCs) and regulation of B-lymphoblastoid cell proliferation by GnRH-I and GnRH-II . Exp. Clin. Endocrinol. Diabetes . 112 . 10 . 587–94 . 2005 . 15578334 . 10.1055/s-2004-830404 . etal.

Notes and References

1. White RB, Eisen JA, Kasten TL, Fernald RD . Second gene for gonadotropin-releasing hormone in humans . Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A . 95 . 1 . 305–9 . Feb 1998 . 9419371 . 18209 . 10.1073/pnas.95.1.305 . 1998PNAS...95..305W . free .
2. Chen A, Ganor Y, Rahimipour S, Ben-Aroya N, Koch Y, Levite M . The neuropeptides GnRH-II and GnRH-I are produced by human T cells and trigger laminin receptor gene expression, adhesion, chemotaxis and homing to specific organs . Nat Med . 8 . 12 . 1421–6 . Nov 2002 . 12447356 . 10.1038/nm801 .
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: GNRH2 gonadotropin-releasing hormone 2.
4. Web site: GNRH2 - Progonadoliberin-2 precursor - Homo sapiens (Human) - GNRH2 gene & protein . uniprot . 19 January 2019.