GNG3 explained

Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNG3 gene.^{[1] [2]}

G proteins are heterotrimers of alpha, beta, and gamma subunits. Gamma subunits, such as GNG3, contribute to the specificity of the hundreds of receptor signaling pathways involving G proteins (Schwindinger et al., 2004).[supplied by OMIM]^[2]

Further reading

• Wedegaertner PB, Wilson PT, Bourne HR . Lipid modifications of trimeric G proteins. . J. Biol. Chem. . 270 . 2 . 503–6 . 1995 . 7822269 . 10.1074/jbc.270.2.503 . free .
• Garcia-Higuera I, Thomas TC, Yi F, Neer EJ . Intersubunit surfaces in G protein alpha beta gamma heterotrimers. Analysis by cross-linking and mutagenesis of beta gamma. . J. Biol. Chem. . 271 . 1 . 528–35 . 1996 . 8550614 . 10.1074/jbc.271.1.528. free .
• Yan K, Kalyanaraman V, Gautam N . Differential ability to form the G protein betagamma complex among members of the beta and gamma subunit families. . J. Biol. Chem. . 271 . 12 . 7141–6 . 1996 . 8636150 . 10.1074/jbc.271.12.7141 . free .
• Morishita R, Saga S, Kawamura N . Differential localization of the gamma 3 and gamma 12 subunits of G proteins in the mammalian brain. . J. Neurochem. . 68 . 2 . 820–7 . 1997 . 9003074 . 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.68020820.x . 83968908 . etal. free .
• Bell B, Xing H, Yan K . KSR-1 binds to G-protein betagamma subunits and inhibits beta gamma-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. . J. Biol. Chem. . 274 . 12 . 7982–6 . 1999 . 10075696 . 10.1074/jbc.274.12.7982 . etal. free .
• Hurowitz EH, Melnyk JM, Chen YJ . Genomic characterization of the human heterotrimeric G protein alpha, beta, and gamma subunit genes. . DNA Res. . 7 . 2 . 111–20 . 2000 . 10819326 . 10.1093/dnares/7.2.111 . etal. free .
• Evanko DS, Thiyagarajan MM, Siderovski DP, Wedegaertner PB . Gbeta gamma isoforms selectively rescue plasma membrane localization and palmitoylation of mutant Galphas and Galphaq. . J. Biol. Chem. . 276 . 26 . 23945–53 . 2001 . 11294873 . 10.1074/jbc.M101154200 . free .
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . etal. free .
• Cuello F, Schulze RA, Heemeyer F . Activation of heterotrimeric G proteins by a high energy phosphate transfer via nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) B and Gbeta subunits. Complex formation of NDPK B with Gbeta gamma dimers and phosphorylation of His-266 IN Gbeta . J. Biol. Chem. . 278 . 9 . 7220–6 . 2003 . 12486123 . 10.1074/jbc.M210304200 . etal. free .
• Kato C, Mizutani T, Tamaki H . Characterization of heterotrimeric G protein complexes in rice plasma membrane . Plant J. . 38 . 2 . 320–31 . 2004 . 15078334 . 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2004.02046.x . etal. free .
• Schwindinger WF, Giger KE, Betz KS . Mice with Deficiency of G Protein γ3 Are Lean and Have Seizures . Mol. Cell. Biol. . 24 . 17 . 7758–68 . 2004 . 15314181 . 10.1128/MCB.24.17.7758-7768.2004 . 506985 . etal.
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA . The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) . Genome Res. . 14 . 10B . 2121–7 . 2004 . 15489334 . 10.1101/gr.2596504 . 528928 . etal.

Notes and References

1. Downes GB, Gautam N . The G protein subunit gene families . Genomics . 62 . 3 . 544–52 . Mar 2000 . 10644457 . 10.1006/geno.1999.5992 .
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: GNG3 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), gamma 3.