GNG2 explained

Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNG2 gene.^{[1] [2]}

Heterotrimeric G proteins play vital roles in cellular responses to external signals. The specificity of a G protein-receptor interaction is primarily mediated by the gamma subunit.[supplied by OMIM]

Further reading

• Pumiglia KM . A direct interaction between G-protein beta gamma subunits and the Raf-1 protein kinase . J. Biol. Chem. . 270 . 24 . 14251–4 . 1995 . 7782277 . 10.1074/jbc.270.24.14251 . LeVine H . Haske T . Habib . T . Jove . R . Decker . SJ . free .
• Tsukada S, Simon MI, Witte ON, Katz A . Binding of beta gamma subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins to the PH domain of Bruton tyrosine kinase . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 91 . 23 . 11256–60 . 1994 . 7972043 . 10.1073/pnas.91.23.11256 . 45206 . 1994PNAS...9111256T . free .
• Yan K, Kalyanaraman V, Gautam N . Differential ability to form the G protein betagamma complex among members of the beta and gamma subunit families . J. Biol. Chem. . 271 . 12 . 7141–6 . 1996 . 8636150 . 10.1074/jbc.271.12.7141 . free.
• De Waard M . Direct binding of G-protein betagamma complex to voltage-dependent calcium channels . Nature . 385 . 6615 . 446–50 . 1997 . 9009193 . 10.1038/385446a0 . Liu H . Walker D . Scott . Victoria E. S. . Gurnett . Christina A. . Campbell . Kevin P. . 1997Natur.385..446W . 4287544 .
• Kostenis E, Conklin BR, Wess J . Molecular basis of receptor/G protein coupling selectivity studied by coexpression of wild type and mutant m2 muscarinic receptors with mutant G alpha(q) subunits . Biochemistry . 36 . 6 . 1487–95 . 1997 . 9063897 . 10.1021/bi962554d .
• Qin N . Direct interaction of gbetagamma with a C-terminal gbetagamma-binding domain of the Ca2+ channel alpha1 subunit is responsible for channel inhibition by G protein-coupled receptors . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 94 . 16 . 8866–71 . 1997 . 9238069 . 10.1073/pnas.94.16.8866 . 23172 . Platano D . Olcese R . Stefani . E . Birnbaumer . L . 1997PNAS...94.8866Q . free .
• Ong OC . Gene structure and chromosome localization of the G gamma c subunit of human cone G-protein (GNGT2) . Genomics . 44 . 1 . 101–9 . 1997 . 9286705 . 10.1006/geno.1997.4814 . Hu K . Rong H . Lee . Rehwa H. . Fung . Bernard K.-K. .
• Nishida K, Kaziro Y, Satoh T . Association of the proto-oncogene product dbl with G protein betagamma subunits . FEBS Lett. . 459 . 2 . 186–90 . 1999 . 10518015 . 10.1016/S0014-5793(99)01244-2 . 83524892 .
• Carman CV . Mutational analysis of Gbetagamma and phospholipid interaction with G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 . J. Biol. Chem. . 275 . 14 . 10443–52 . 2000 . 10744734 . 10.1074/jbc.275.14.10443 . Barak LS . Chen C . Liu-Chen . LY . Onorato . JJ . Kennedy . SP . Caron . MG . Benovic . JL . free .
• Evanko DS, Thiyagarajan MM, Siderovski DP, Wedegaertner PB . Gbeta gamma isoforms selectively rescue plasma membrane localization and palmitoylation of mutant Galphas and Galphaq . J. Biol. Chem. . 276 . 26 . 23945–53 . 2001 . 11294873 . 10.1074/jbc.M101154200 . free .
• Yu Y . Gene expression profiling in human fetal liver and identification of tissue- and developmental-stage-specific genes through compiled expression profiles and efficient cloning of full-length cDNAs . Genome Res. . 11 . 8 . 1392–403 . 2001 . 11483580 . 10.1101/gr.175501 . 311073 . Zhang C . Zhou G . Wu . S . Qu . X . Wei . H . Xing . G . Dong . C . Zhai . Y .
• Lowry WE, Huang XY . G Protein beta gamma subunits act on the catalytic domain to stimulate Bruton's agammaglobulinemia tyrosine kinase . J. Biol. Chem. . 277 . 2 . 1488–92 . 2002 . 11698416 . 10.1074/jbc.M110390200 . free .
• Strausberg RL . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . Feingold EA . Grouse LH . Derge . JG . Klausner . RD . Collins . FS . Wagner . L . Shenmen . CM . Schuler . GD . 2002PNAS...9916899M . free .
• Cuello F . Activation of heterotrimeric G proteins by a high energy phosphate transfer via nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) B and Gbeta subunits. Complex formation of NDPK B with Gbeta gamma dimers and phosphorylation of His-266 IN Gbeta . J. Biol. Chem. . 278 . 9 . 7220–6 . 2003 . 12486123 . 10.1074/jbc.M210304200 . Schulze RA . Heemeyer F . Meyer . HE . Lutz . S . Jakobs . KH . Niroomand . F . Wieland . T . free .
• Melliti K, Grabner M, Seabrook GR . The familial hemiplegic migraine mutation R192Q reduces G-protein-mediated inhibition of P/Q-type (Ca(V)2.1) calcium channels expressed in human embryonic kidney cells . J. Physiol. . 546 . Pt 2 . 337–47 . 2003 . 12527722 . 10.1113/jphysiol.2002.026716 . 2342512 .
• Wolfe JT . T-type calcium channel regulation by specific G-protein betagamma subunits . Nature . 424 . 6945 . 209–13 . 2003 . 12853961 . 10.1038/nature01772 . Wang H . Howard J . Garrison . James C. . Barrett . Paula Q. . 2003Natur.424..209W . 4414712 .
• Niu J . G Protein betagamma subunits stimulate p114RhoGEF, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for RhoA and Rac1: regulation of cell shape and reactive oxygen species production . Circ. Res. . 93 . 9 . 848–56 . 2003 . 14512443 . 10.1161/01.RES.0000097607.14733.0C . Profirovic J . Pan H . Vaiskunaite . R . Voyno-Yasenetskaya . T . 85928866 .
• Ota T . Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs . Nat. Genet. . 36 . 1 . 40–5 . 2004 . 14702039 . 10.1038/ng1285 . Suzuki Y . Nishikawa T . Otsuki . Tetsuji . Sugiyama . Tomoyasu . Irie . Ryotaro . Wakamatsu . Ai . Hayashi . Koji . Sato . Hiroyuki . free .
• Doering CJ . A single Gbeta subunit locus controls cross-talk between protein kinase C and G protein regulation of N-type calcium channels . J. Biol. Chem. . 279 . 28 . 29709–17 . 2004 . 15105422 . 10.1074/jbc.M308693200 . Kisilevsky AE . Feng ZP . Arnot . MI . Peloquin . J . Hamid . J . Barr . W . Nirdosh . A . Simms . B . free .

Notes and References

1. Modarressi MH, Taylor KE, Wolfe J . Cloning, characterization, and mapping of the gene encoding the human G protein gamma 2 subunit . Biochem Biophys Res Commun . 272 . 2 . 610–5 . Jul 2000 . 10833460 . 10.1006/bbrc.2000.2832 .
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: GNG2 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), gamma 2.