GNB2 explained

Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNB2 gene.^{[1] [2]}

Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins), which integrate signals between receptors and effector proteins, are composed of an alpha, a beta, and a gamma subunit. These subunits are encoded by families of related genes.

This gene encodes a beta subunit. Beta subunits are important regulators of alpha subunits, as well as of certain signal transduction receptors and effectors. This gene contains a trinucleotide (CCG) repeat length polymorphism in its 5' UTR.

Further reading

• Downes GB, Gautam N . The G protein subunit gene families. . Genomics . 62 . 3 . 544–52 . 2000 . 10644457 . 10.1006/geno.1999.5992 .
• Dawson SJ, White LA . Treatment of Haemophilus aphrophilus endocarditis with ciprofloxacin. . J. Infect. . 24 . 3 . 317–20 . 1992 . 1602151 . 10.1016/S0163-4453(05)80037-4 .
• Lovett M, Kere J, Hinton LM . Direct selection: a method for the isolation of cDNAs encoded by large genomic regions. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 88 . 21 . 9628–32 . 1991 . 1946378 . 10.1073/pnas.88.21.9628 . 52771 . 1991PNAS...88.9628L . free .
• Blatt C, Eversole-Cire P, Cohn VH . Chromosomal localization of genes encoding guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunits in mouse and human. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 85 . 20 . 7642–6 . 1988 . 2902634 . 10.1073/pnas.85.20.7642 . 282248 . 1988PNAS...85.7642B . etal. free .
• Fong HK, Amatruda TT, Birren BW, Simon MI . Distinct forms of the beta subunit of GTP-binding regulatory proteins identified by molecular cloning. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 84 . 11 . 3792–6 . 1987 . 3108879 . 10.1073/pnas.84.11.3792 . 304962 . 1987PNAS...84.3792F . free .
• Gao B, Gilman AG, Robishaw JD . A second form of the beta subunit of signal-transducing G proteins. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 84 . 17 . 6122–5 . 1987 . 3114742 . 10.1073/pnas.84.17.6122 . 299020 . 1987PNAS...84.6122G . free .
• Buhl AM, Osawa S, Johnson GL . Mitogen-activated protein kinase activation requires two signal inputs from the human anaphylatoxin C5a receptor. . J. Biol. Chem. . 270 . 34 . 19828–32 . 1995 . 7649993 . 10.1074/jbc.270.34.19828 . free .
• Ray K, Kunsch C, Bonner LM, Robishaw JD . Isolation of cDNA clones encoding eight different human G protein gamma subunits, including three novel forms designated the gamma 4, gamma 10, and gamma 11 subunits. . J. Biol. Chem. . 270 . 37 . 21765–71 . 1995 . 7665596 . 10.1074/jbc.270.37.21765 . free .
• Pumiglia KM, LeVine H, Haske T . A direct interaction between G-protein beta gamma subunits and the Raf-1 protein kinase. . J. Biol. Chem. . 270 . 24 . 14251–4 . 1995 . 7782277 . 10.1074/jbc.270.24.14251 . etal. free .
• Ueda N, Iñiguez-Lluhi JA, Lee E . G protein beta gamma subunits. Simplified purification and properties of novel isoforms. . J. Biol. Chem. . 269 . 6 . 4388–95 . 1994 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)41792-3 . 8308009 . etal. free .
• Liang JJ, Cockett M, Khawaja XZ . Immunohistochemical localization of G protein beta1, beta2, beta3, beta4, beta5, and gamma3 subunits in the adult rat brain. . J. Neurochem. . 71 . 1 . 345–55 . 1998 . 9648884 . 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.71010345.x . 83954980 . free .
• Kleiderlein JJ, Nisson PE, Jessee J . CCG repeats in cDNAs from human brain. . Hum. Genet. . 103 . 6 . 666–73 . 1999 . 9921901 . 10.1007/s004390050889 . 23696667 . etal.
• Asano T, Morishita R, Ueda H, Kato K . Selective association of G protein beta(4) with gamma(5) and gamma(12) subunits in bovine tissues. . J. Biol. Chem. . 274 . 30 . 21425–9 . 1999 . 10409705 . 10.1074/jbc.274.30.21425 . free .
• Suzuki H, Fukunishi Y, Kagawa I . Protein-protein interaction panel using mouse full-length cDNAs. . Genome Res. . 11 . 10 . 1758–65 . 2001 . 11591653 . 10.1101/gr.180101 . 311163 . etal.
• Blake BL, Wing MR, Zhou JY . G beta association and effector interaction selectivities of the divergent G gamma subunit G gamma(13). . J. Biol. Chem. . 276 . 52 . 49267–74 . 2002 . 11675383 . 10.1074/jbc.M106565200 . etal. free .
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . etal. free .
• Cuello F, Schulze RA, Heemeyer F . Activation of heterotrimeric G proteins by a high energy phosphate transfer via nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) B and Gbeta subunits. Complex formation of NDPK B with Gbeta gamma dimers and phosphorylation of His-266 IN Gbeta. . J. Biol. Chem. . 278 . 9 . 7220–6 . 2003 . 12486123 . 10.1074/jbc.M210304200 . etal. free .
• Sprague RS, Bowles EA, Olearczyk JJ . The role of G protein beta subunits in the release of ATP from human erythrocytes. . J. Physiol. Pharmacol. . 53 . 4 Pt 1 . 667–74 . 2003 . 12512701 . etal.

Notes and References

1. Glockner G, Scherer S, Schattevoy R, Boright A, Weber J, Tsui LC, Rosenthal A . Large-scale sequencing of two regions in human chromosome 7q22: analysis of 650 kb of genomic sequence around the EPO and CUTL1 loci reveals 17 genes . Genome Res . 8 . 10 . 1060–73 . Dec 1998 . 9799793 . 310788 . 10.1101/gr.8.10.1060.
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: GNB2 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), beta polypeptide 2.