GNAT1 explained

Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(t) subunit alpha-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNAT1 gene.^[1]

Transducin is a 3-subunit guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein) which stimulates the coupling of rhodopsin and cGMP-phosphodiesterase during visual impulses. The transducin alpha subunits in rods and cones are encoded by separate genes. This gene encodes the alpha subunit in rods. Alternative splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants.^[1]

Further reading

• Wilkie TM, Gilbert DJ, Olsen AS . Evolution of the mammalian G protein alpha subunit multigene family. . Nat. Genet. . 1 . 2 . 85–91 . 1993 . 1302014 . 10.1038/ng0592-85 . 31888533 . etal.
• Bourne HR, Sanders DA, McCormick F . The GTPase superfamily: conserved structure and molecular mechanism. . Nature . 349 . 6305 . 117–27 . 1991 . 1898771 . 10.1038/349117a0 . 1991Natur.349..117B . 4349901 .
• Fong SL . Characterization of the human rod transducin alpha-subunit gene. . Nucleic Acids Res. . 20 . 11 . 2865–70 . 1992 . 1614872 . 10.1093/nar/20.11.2865 . 336934 .
• Lerea CL, Bunt-Milam AH, Hurley JB . Alpha transducin is present in blue-, green-, and red-sensitive cone photoreceptors in the human retina. . Neuron . 3 . 3 . 367–76 . 1990 . 2534964 . 10.1016/0896-6273(89)90261-4 . 2870440 .
• Van Dop C, Medynski DC, Apone LM . Nucleotide sequence for a cDNA encoding the alpha subunit of retinal transducin (GNAT1) isolated from the human eye. . Nucleic Acids Res. . 17 . 12 . 4887 . 1989 . 2748346 . 10.1093/nar/17.12.4887 . 318051 .
• Blatt C, Eversole-Cire P, Cohn VH . Chromosomal localization of genes encoding guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunits in mouse and human. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 85 . 20 . 7642–6 . 1988 . 2902634 . 10.1073/pnas.85.20.7642 . 282248 . 1988PNAS...85.7642B . etal. free .
• Ngo JT, Bateman JB, Klisak I . Regional mapping of a human rod alpha-transducin (GNAT1) gene to chromosome 3p22. . Genomics . 18 . 3 . 724–5 . 1994 . 8307584 . 10.1016/S0888-7543(05)80384-2 . etal.
• Dryja TP, Hahn LB, Reboul T, Arnaud B . Missense mutation in the gene encoding the alpha subunit of rod transducin in the Nougaret form of congenital stationary night blindness. . Nat. Genet. . 13 . 3 . 358–60 . 1996 . 8673138 . 10.1038/ng0796-358 . 30551750 .
• Chen CK, Wieland T, Simon MI . RGS-r, a retinal specific RGS protein, binds an intermediate conformation of transducin and enhances recycling. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 93 . 23 . 12885–9 . 1996 . 8917514 . 10.1073/pnas.93.23.12885 . 24015 . 1996PNAS...9312885C . free .
• Seibert C, Harteneck C, Ernst OP . Activation of the rod G-protein Gt by the thrombin receptor (PAR1) expressed in Sf9 cells. . Eur. J. Biochem. . 266 . 3 . 911–6 . 2000 . 10583385 . 10.1046/j.1432-1327.1999.00927.x . etal.
• Wieland T, Bahtijari N, Zhou XB . Polarity exchange at the interface of regulators of G protein signaling with G protein alpha-subunits. . J. Biol. Chem. . 275 . 37 . 28500–6 . 2000 . 10878019 . 10.1074/jbc.M004187200 . etal. free .
• Bell MW, Desai N, Guo XX, Ghalayini AJ . 17501930 . Tyrosine phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of transducin and its association with Src in photoreceptor rod outer segments. . J. Neurochem. . 75 . 5 . 2006–19 . 2000 . 11032890 . 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2000.0752006.x .
• Hu G, Wensel TG . R9AP, a membrane anchor for the photoreceptor GTPase accelerating protein, RGS9-1. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 15 . 9755–60 . 2002 . 12119397 . 10.1073/pnas.152094799 . 125004 . 2002PNAS...99.9755H . free .
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . etal. free .
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA . The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). . Genome Res. . 14 . 10B . 2121–7 . 2004 . 15489334 . 10.1101/gr.2596504 . 528928 . etal.
• Muzny DM, Scherer SE, Kaul R . The DNA sequence, annotation and analysis of human chromosome 3. . Nature . 440 . 7088 . 1194–8 . 2006 . 16641997 . 10.1038/nature04728 . 2006Natur.440.1194M . etal. free .

Notes and References

1. Web site: Entrez Gene: GNAT1 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha transducing activity polypeptide 1.