GNAI2 explained

Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i), alpha-2 subunit is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNAI2 gene.^{[1] [2] [3]}

Interactions

GNAI2 has been shown to interact with:

• EYA2^[4]
• GPSM2^{[5] [6]}
• Interleukin 8 receptor, alpha^{[7] [8]}
• MDFI^[9]
• RGS5^{[10] [11]}
• RIC8A^[12]

Further reading

• Sidhu A, Niznik HB . Coupling of dopamine receptor subtypes to multiple and diverse G proteins . International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience . 18 . 7 . 669–77 . Nov 2000 . 10978845 . 10.1016/S0736-5748(00)00033-2 . 21002590 .
• Offermanns S, Schultz G, Rosenthal W . Evidence for opioid receptor-mediated activation of the G-proteins, Go and Gi2, in membranes of neuroblastoma x glioma (NG108-15) hybrid cells . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 266 . 6 . 3365–8 . Feb 1991 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)67799-9 . 1671672 . free .
• Cormont M, Le Marchand-Brustel Y, Van Obberghen E, Spiegel AM, Sharp GW . Identification of G protein alpha-subunits in RINm5F cells and their selective interaction with galanin receptor . Diabetes . 40 . 9 . 1170–6 . Sep 1991 . 1718802 . 10.2337/diabetes.40.9.1170 .
• Bushfield M, Murphy GJ, Lavan BE, Parker PJ, Hruby VJ, Milligan G, Houslay MD . Hormonal regulation of Gi2 alpha-subunit phosphorylation in intact hepatocytes . The Biochemical Journal . 268 . 2 . 449–57 . Jun 1990 . 2114093 . 1131453 . 10.1042/bj2680449.
• Lyons J, Landis CA, Harsh G, Vallar L, Grünewald K, Feichtinger H, Duh QY, Clark OH, Kawasaki E, Bourne HR . Two G protein oncogenes in human endocrine tumors . Science . 249 . 4969 . 655–9 . Aug 1990 . 2116665 . 10.1126/science.2116665 . 1990Sci...249..655L .
• Osawa S, Dhanasekaran N, Woon CW, Johnson GL . G alpha i-G alpha s chimeras define the function of alpha chain domains in control of G protein activation and beta gamma subunit complex interactions . Cell . 63 . 4 . 697–706 . Nov 1990 . 2121366 . 10.1016/0092-8674(90)90136-3 . 53254447 .
• McClue SJ, Milligan G . The alpha 2B adrenergic receptor of undifferentiated neuroblastoma x glioma hybrid NG108-15 cells, interacts directly with the guanine nucleotide binding protein, Gi2 . FEBS Letters . 269 . 2 . 430–4 . Sep 1990 . 2169434 . 10.1016/0014-5793(90)81209-7 . 24246875 . free .
• Rudolph U, Koesling D, Hinsch KD, Seifert R, Bigalke M, Schultz G, Rosenthal W . G-protein alpha-subunits in cytosolic and membranous fractions of human neutrophils . Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology . 63 . 1–2 . 143–53 . May 1989 . 2502457 . 10.1016/0303-7207(89)90090-7 . 54288899 .
• Lang JC, Costa T . Distribution of the alpha-subunit of the guanine nucleotide-binding protein Gi2 and its comparison to G alpha o . Journal of Receptor Research . 9 . 4–5 . 313–29 . 1990 . 2512386 . 10.3109/10799898909066061.
• Itoh H, Toyama R, Kozasa T, Tsukamoto T, Matsuoka M, Kaziro Y . Presence of three distinct molecular species of Gi protein alpha subunit. Structure of rat cDNAs and human genomic DNAs . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 263 . 14 . 6656–64 . May 1988 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)68692-2 . 2834384 . free .
• Weinstein LS, Spiegel AM, Carter AD . Cloning and characterization of the human gene for the alpha-subunit of Gi2, a GTP-binding signal transduction protein . FEBS Letters . 232 . 2 . 333–40 . May 1988 . 2837412 . 10.1016/0014-5793(88)80764-6 . 8096145 . free .
• Beals CR, Wilson CB, Perlmutter RM . A small multigene family encodes Gi signal-transduction proteins . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 84 . 22 . 7886–90 . Nov 1987 . 3120178 . 299440 . 10.1073/pnas.84.22.7886 . 1987PNAS...84.7886B . free .
• Williamson EA, Ince PG, Harrison D, Kendall-Taylor P, Harris PE . G-protein mutations in human pituitary adrenocorticotrophic hormone-secreting adenomas . European Journal of Clinical Investigation . 25 . 2 . 128–31 . Feb 1995 . 7737262 . 10.1111/j.1365-2362.1995.tb01537.x . 42652404 .
• Takigawa M, Sakurai T, Kasuya Y, Abe Y, Masaki T, Goto K . Molecular identification of guanine-nucleotide-binding regulatory proteins which couple to endothelin receptors . European Journal of Biochemistry . 228 . 1 . 102–8 . Feb 1995 . 7882989 . 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1995.0102o.x .
• Grassie MA, Milligan G . Analysis of the relative interactions between the alpha 2C10 adrenoceptor and the guanine-nucleotide-binding proteins G(o)1 alpha and Gi 2 alpha following co-expression of these polypeptides in rat 1 fibroblasts . The Biochemical Journal . 306 . 2 . 525–30 . Mar 1995 . 7887906 . 1136549 . 10.1042/bj3060525.
• Migeon JC, Thomas SL, Nathanson NM . Regulation of cAMP-mediated gene transcription by wild type and mutated G-protein alpha subunits. Inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity by muscarinic receptor-activated and constitutively activated G(o) alpha . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 269 . 46 . 29146–52 . Nov 1994 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)62023-5 . 7961880 . free .
• Wennogle LP, Conder L, Winter C, Braunwalder A, Vlattas S, Kramer R, Cioffi C, Hu SI . Stabilization of C5a receptor--G-protein interactions through ligand binding . Journal of Cellular Biochemistry . 55 . 3 . 380–8 . Jul 1994 . 7962171 . 10.1002/jcb.240550316 . 36216040 .
• Valet P, Senard JM, Devedjian JC, Planat V, Salomon R, Voisin T, Drean G, Couvineau A, Daviaud D, Denis C . Characterization and distribution of alpha 2-adrenergic receptors in the human intestinal mucosa . The Journal of Clinical Investigation . 91 . 5 . 2049–57 . May 1993 . 8098045 . 288203 . 10.1172/JCI116427 .

Notes and References

1. Didsbury JR, Ho YS, Snyderman R . Human Gi protein alpha-subunit: deduction of amino acid structure from a cloned cDNA . FEBS Letters . 211 . 2 . 160–4 . Jan 1987 . 3100330 . 10.1016/0014-5793(87)81428-X . 84535945 . free .
2. Magovcevic I, Ang SL, Seidman JG, Tolman CJ, Neer EJ, Morton CC . Regional localization of the human G protein alpha i2 (GNAI2) gene: assignment to 3p21 and a related sequence (GNAI2L) to 12p12-p13 . Genomics . 12 . 1 . 125–9 . Jan 1992 . 1733849 . 10.1016/0888-7543(92)90414-N .
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: GNAI2 Guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha inhibiting activity polypeptide 2.
4. Fan X, Brass LF, Poncz M, Spitz F, Maire P, Manning DR . The alpha subunits of Gz and Gi interact with the eyes absent transcription cofactor Eya2, preventing its interaction with the six class of homeodomain-containing proteins . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 275 . 41 . 32129–34 . Oct 2000 . 10906137 . 10.1074/jbc.M004577200 . free .
5. Marty C, Browning DD, Ye RD . Identification of tetratricopeptide repeat 1 as an adaptor protein that interacts with heterotrimeric G proteins and the small GTPase Ras . Molecular and Cellular Biology . 23 . 11 . 3847–58 . Jun 2003 . 12748287 . 155206 . 10.1128/mcb.23.11.3847-3858.2003.
6. Mochizuki N, Cho G, Wen B, Insel PA . Identification and cDNA cloning of a novel human mosaic protein, LGN, based on interaction with G alpha i2 . Gene . 181 . 1–2 . 39–43 . Nov 1996 . 8973305 . 10.1016/s0378-1119(96)00456-8.
7. Damaj BB, McColl SR, Neote K, Songqing N, Ogborn KT, Hébert CA, Naccache PH . Identification of G-protein binding sites of the human interleukin-8 receptors by functional mapping of the intracellular loops . FASEB Journal . 10 . 12 . 1426–34 . Oct 1996 . 8903513 . 10.1096/fasebj.10.12.8903513. free . 9744575 .
8. Damaj BB, McColl SR, Mahana W, Crouch MF, Naccache PH . Physical association of Gi2alpha with interleukin-8 receptors . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 271 . 22 . 12783–9 . May 1996 . 8662698 . 10.1074/jbc.271.22.12783. free .
9. Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T, Hirozane-Kishikawa T, Dricot A, Li N, Berriz GF, Gibbons FD, Dreze M, Ayivi-Guedehoussou N, Klitgord N, Simon C, Boxem M, Milstein S, Rosenberg J, Goldberg DS, Zhang LV, Wong SL, Franklin G, Li S, Albala JS, Lim J, Fraughton C, Llamosas E, Cevik S, Bex C, Lamesch P, Sikorski RS, Vandenhaute J, Zoghbi HY, Smolyar A, Bosak S, Sequerra R, Doucette-Stamm L, Cusick ME, Hill DE, Roth FP, Vidal M . Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network . Nature . 437 . 7062 . 1173–8 . Oct 2005 . 16189514 . 10.1038/nature04209 . 2005Natur.437.1173R . 4427026 .
10. Chen C, Zheng B, Han J, Lin SC . Characterization of a novel mammalian RGS protein that binds to Galpha proteins and inhibits pheromone signaling in yeast . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 272 . 13 . 8679–85 . Mar 1997 . 9079700 . 10.1074/jbc.272.13.8679. free .
11. Zhou J, Moroi K, Nishiyama M, Usui H, Seki N, Ishida J, Fukamizu A, Kimura S . Characterization of RGS5 in regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling . Life Sciences . 68 . 13 . 1457–69 . Feb 2001 . 11253162 . 10.1016/s0024-3205(01)00939-0.
12. Tall GG, Krumins AM, Gilman AG . Mammalian Ric-8A (synembryn) is a heterotrimeric Galpha protein guanine nucleotide exchange factor . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 278 . 10 . 8356–62 . Mar 2003 . 12509430 . 10.1074/jbc.M211862200 . free .