GLUT5 explained

GLUT5 is a fructose transporter expressed on the apical border of enterocytes in the small intestine.[1] GLUT5 allows for fructose to be transported from the intestinal lumen into the enterocyte by facilitated diffusion due to fructose's high concentration in the intestinal lumen. GLUT5 is also expressed in skeletal muscle,[2] testis, kidney, fat tissue (adipocytes), and brain.[3]

Fructose malabsorption or Dietary Fructose Intolerance is a dietary disability of the small intestine, where the amount of fructose carrier in enterocytes is deficient.[4]

In humans the GLUT5 protein is encoded by the SLC2A5 gene.[5]

Regulation

Fructose uptake rate by GLUT5 is significantly reduced by diabetes mellitus, hypertension, obesity, fructose malabsorption, and inflammation. However, age-related changes in fructose intake capability are not explained by the rate of expression of GLUT5.[6] [7] [8] The absorption of fructose in the simultaneous presence of glucose is improved, while sorbitol is inhibitory.[9] Fructose absorption by GLUT5 can be investigated using intestinal organoids.[10] [11]

Interactive pathway map

Notes and References

  1. Uldry M, Thorens B . The SLC2 family of facilitated hexose and polyol transporters . Pflügers Archiv: European Journal of Physiology . 447 . 5 . 480–9 . February 2004 . 12750891 . 10.1007/s00424-003-1085-0 . 25539725 .
  2. Book: Hundal HS, Darakhshan F, Kristiansen S, Blakemore SJ, Richter EA . Skeletal Muscle Metabolism in Exercise and Diabetes . GLUT5 Expression and Fructose Transport in Human Skeletal Muscle . Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology . 441 . 35–45 . 1998 . 9781312 . 10.1007/978-1-4899-1928-1_4. 978-1-4899-1930-4 .
  3. Douard V, Ferraris RP . Regulation of the fructose transporter GLUT5 in health and disease . American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism . 295 . 2 . E227–37 . August 2008 . 18398011 . 10.1152/ajpendo.90245.2008 . 2652499 .
  4. Barone S, Fussell SL, Singh AK, Lucas F, Xu J, Kim C, Wu X, Yu Y, Amlal H, Seidler U, Zuo J, Soleimani M . Slc2a5 (Glut5) Is Essential for the Absorption of Fructose in the Intestine and Generation of Fructose-induced Hypertension . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 284 . 8 . 5056–66 . February 2009 . 19091748 . 10.1074/jbc.M808128200 . 2643499 . free .
  5. White PS, Jensen SJ, Rajalingam V, Stairs D, Sulman EP, Maris JM, Biegel JA, Wooster R, Brodeur GM . Physical mapping of the CA6, ENO1, and SLC2A5 (GLUT5) genes and reassignment of SLC2A5 to 1p36.2 . Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics . 81 . 1 . 60–4 . 1998 . 9691177 . 10.1159/000014989 . 46770845 .
  6. Douard V, Ferraris RP . Regulation of the fructose transporter GLUT5 in health and disease . Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. . 295 . 2 . E227–37 . August 2008 . 18398011 . 10.1152/ajpendo.90245.2008 . 2652499.
  7. Litherland GJ, Hajduch E, Gould GW, Hundal HS . Fructose transport and metabolism in adipose tissue of Zucker rats: diminished GLUT5 activity during obesity and insulin resistance . Mol. Cell. Biochem. . 261 . 1–2 . 23–33 . June 2004 . 15362482 . 10.1023/b:mcbi.0000028734.77867.d2 . 13029991 . https://archive.today/20120909150538/http://www.kluweronline.com/art.pdf?issn=0300-8177&volume=261&page=23 . dead . September 9, 2012 .
  8. Drozdowski LA, Woudstra TD, Wild GE, Clandinin MT, Thomson AB . Age-associated changes in intestinal fructose uptake are not explained by alterations in the abundance of GLUT5 or GLUT2 . J. Nutr. Biochem. . 15 . 10 . 630–7 . October 2004 . 15542355 . 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2004.06.003 .
  9. Heinrich Kasper: Ernährungsmedizin und Diätetik. 11. Auflage, Elsevier, Urban&Fischer-Verlag, 2009,, S. 208
  10. Zietek T, Giesbertz P, Ewers M, Reichart F, Weinmüller M, Demir IE, Haller D, Ceyhan GO, Kessler H, Rath E . 2020. Organoids to Study Intestinal Nutrient Transport, Drug Uptake and Metabolism – Update to the Human Model and Expansion of Applications. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology. en. 8. 577656 . 10.3389/fbioe.2020.577656. 33015026 . 7516017 . 2296-4185. free.
  11. Zietek T, Rath E, Haller D, Daniel H . Intestinal organoids for assessing nutrient transport, sensing and incretin secretion . Scientific Reports . 5 . 1 . 16831 . November 2015 . 26582215 . 10.1038/srep16831 . 4652176 . free . 2015NatSR...516831Z .

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