GLRX explained

Glutaredoxin-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GLRX gene.^{[1] [2]}

Interactions

GLRX has been shown to interact with Wilson disease protein^[3] and ATP7A.^[3]

Further reading

• Lou MF . Redox regulation in the lens. . Progress in Retinal and Eye Research . 22 . 5 . 657–82 . 2003 . 12892645 . 10.1016/S1350-9462(03)00050-8 . 40914153 .
• Sykes MC, Mowbray AL, Jo H . Reversible glutathiolation of caspase-3 by glutaredoxin as a novel redox signaling mechanism in tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced cell death. . Circ. Res. . 100 . 2 . 152–4 . 2007 . 17272816 . 10.1161/01.RES.0000258171.08020.72 . free .
• Padilla CA, Martínez-Galisteo E, Bárcena JA . Purification from placenta, amino acid sequence, structure comparisons and cDNA cloning of human glutaredoxin. . Eur. J. Biochem. . 227 . 1–2 . 27–34 . 1995 . 7851394 . 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1995.tb20356.x . etal. free .
• Bandyopadhyay S, Gronostajski RM . Identification of a conserved oxidation-sensitive cysteine residue in the NFI family of DNA-binding proteins. . J. Biol. Chem. . 269 . 47 . 29949–55 . 1994 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)43973-7 . 7961993 . free .
• Fernando MR, Sumimoto H, Nanri H . Cloning and sequencing of the cDNA encoding human glutaredoxin. . Biochim. Biophys. Acta . 1218 . 2 . 229–31 . 1994 . 8018729 . 10.1016/0167-4781(94)90019-1. etal.
• Papov VV, Gravina SA, Mieyal JJ, Biemann K . The primary structure and properties of thioltransferase (glutaredoxin) from human red blood cells. . Protein Sci. . 3 . 3 . 428–34 . 1994 . 8019414 . 10.1002/pro.5560030307 . 2142694 .
• Padilla CA, Spyrou G, Holmgren A . High-level expression of fully active human glutaredoxin (thioltransferase) in E. coli and characterization of Cys7 to Ser mutant protein. . FEBS Lett. . 378 . 1 . 69–73 . 1996 . 8549805 . 10.1016/0014-5793(95)01413-6 . 37604224 . free .
• Park JB, Levine M . Purification, cloning and expression of dehydroascorbic acid-reducing activity from human neutrophils: identification as glutaredoxin. . 315 . Biochem. J. . (Pt 3) . 3. 931–8 . 1996 . 8645179 . 10.1042/bj3150931. 1217296 .
• Davis DA, Newcomb FM, Starke DW . Thioltransferase (glutaredoxin) is detected within HIV-1 and can regulate the activity of glutathionylated HIV-1 protease in vitro. . J. Biol. Chem. . 272 . 41 . 25935–40 . 1997 . 9325327 . 10.1074/jbc.272.41.25935 . etal. free .
• Park JB, Levine M . The human glutaredoxin gene: determination of its organization, transcription start point, and promoter analysis. . Gene . 197 . 1–2 . 189–93 . 1997 . 9332366 . 10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00262-X .
• Bandyopadhyay S, Starke DW, Mieyal JJ, Gronostajski RM . Thioltransferase (glutaredoxin) reactivates the DNA-binding activity of oxidation-inactivated nuclear factor I. . J. Biol. Chem. . 273 . 1 . 392–7 . 1998 . 9417094 . 10.1074/jbc.273.1.392 . free .
• Sun C, Berardi MJ, Bushweller JH . The NMR solution structure of human glutaredoxin in the fully reduced form. . J. Mol. Biol. . 280 . 4 . 687–701 . 1998 . 9677297 . 10.1006/jmbi.1998.1913 . 10.1.1.156.1182 .
• Yang Y, Jao S, Nanduri S . Reactivity of the human thioltransferase (glutaredoxin) C7S, C25S, C78S, C82S mutant and NMR solution structure of its glutathionyl mixed disulfide intermediate reflect catalytic specificity. . Biochemistry . 37 . 49 . 17145–56 . 1999 . 9860827 . 10.1021/bi9806504 . etal.
• Balijepalli S, Tirumalai PS, Swamy KV . Rat brain thioltransferase: regional distribution, immunological characterization, and localization by fluorescent in situ hybridization. . J. Neurochem. . 72 . 3 . 1170–8 . 1999 . 10037490 . 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1999.0721170.x . 13507470 . etal. free .
• Barrett WC, DeGnore JP, König S . Regulation of PTP1B via glutathionylation of the active site cysteine 215. . Biochemistry . 38 . 20 . 6699–705 . 1999 . 10350489 . 10.1021/bi990240v . etal.
• García-Pardo L, Granados MD, Gaytán F . Immunolocalization of glutaredoxin in the human corpus luteum. . Mol. Hum. Reprod. . 5 . 10 . 914–9 . 1999 . 10508218 . 10.1093/molehr/5.10.914 . etal. free .
• Mallis RJ, Poland BW, Chatterjee TK . Crystal structure of S-glutathiolated carbonic anhydrase III. . FEBS Lett. . 482 . 3 . 237–41 . 2000 . 11024467 . 10.1016/S0014-5793(00)02022-6 . 8235342 . etal. free .
• Balijepalli S, Boyd MR, Ravindranath V . Human brain thioltransferase: constitutive expression and localization by fluorescence in situ hybridization. . Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. . 85 . 1–2 . 123–32 . 2001 . 11146114 . 10.1016/S0169-328X(00)00206-0 .
• Qiao F, Xing K, Liu A . Human lens thioltransferase: cloning, purification, and function. . Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. . 42 . 3 . 743–51 . 2001 . 11222536 . etal.

Notes and References

1. Padilla CA, Bajalica S, Lagercrantz J, Holmgren A . The gene for human glutaredoxin (GLRX) is localized to human chromosome 5q14 . Genomics . 32 . 3 . 455–7 . Feb 1997 . 8838810 . 10.1006/geno.1996.0141 .
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: GLRX glutaredoxin (thioltransferase).
3. Lim . Chris M . Cater Michael A . Mercer Julian F B . La Fontaine Sharon . Sep 2006 . Copper-dependent interaction of glutaredoxin with the N termini of the copper-ATPases (ATP7A and ATP7B) defective in Menkes and Wilson diseases . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. . 348 . 2 . 428–36 . 0006-291X. 16884690 . 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.07.067 . 10536/DRO/DU:30003772 . free .