Aquaporin-3 Explained

Aquaporin 3 (AQP-3) is the protein product of the human AQP3 gene.^[1] It is found in the basolateral cell membrane of principal collecting duct cells and provides a pathway for water to exit these cells.^[2] Aquaporin-3 is also permeable to glycerol, ammonia, urea, and hydrogen peroxide. It is expressed in various tissues including the skin, respiratory tract, and kidneys as well as various types of cancers.^[3] In the kidney, aquaproin-3 is unresponsive to the antidiuretic hormone vasopressin, unlike aquaporin-2.^[4] This protein is also a determinant for the GIL blood group system.^[5]

Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) (a HDAC inhibitor) increases expression of aquaporin-3 in normal skin cells (keratinocytes).^[6]

Clinical significance

Aquaporin 3 levels are often lower in psoriasis than in healthy skin.^[6]

Aquaporin 3 is expressed more in atopic eczema.^[7]

Recent studies indicate that aquaporin 3 is overexpressed in many types of malignancies such as melanoma^[3] and primary effusion lymphomas^[8] as well as cancers of the lung, colon, stomach, esophagus, mouth, liver, and pancreatic duct.^{[1] [8]} Based on these as well as cell culture studies, it is suggested that this overexpression contributes to the growth and spread of at least some of these cancers and therefore may be a therapeutic target for the treatment of these cancers.^{[1] [3] [8]}

See also

• Aquaporin

References

Further reading

• Bietz S, Montilla I, Külzer S . Recruitment of human aquaporin 3 to internal membranes in the Plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocyte. . Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. . 167 . 1 . 48–53 . 2009 . 19393693 . 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2009.04.006 . etal.
• Bahamontes-Rosa N, Tena-Tomás C, Wolkow J . Genetic conservation of the GIL blood group determining aquaporin 3 gene in African and Caucasian populations. . Transfusion . 48 . 6 . 1164–8 . 2008 . 18435676 . 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2008.01683.x . 5795042 . etal.
• Wang S, Amidi F, Beall M . 30438043 . Aquaporin 3 expression in human fetal membranes and its up-regulation by cyclic adenosine monophosphate in amnion epithelial cell culture. . J. Soc. Gynecol. Investig. . 13 . 3 . 181–5 . 2006 . 16638588 . 10.1016/j.jsgi.2006.02.002 . etal.
• Ben Y, Chen J, Zhu R . 25006640 . Upregulation of AQP3 and AQP5 induced by dexamethasone and ambroxol in A549 cells. . Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology . 161 . 2 . 111–8 . 2008 . 18280225 . 10.1016/j.resp.2007.12.007 . etal.
• Yasui H, Kubota M, Iguchi K . Membrane trafficking of aquaporin 3 induced by epinephrine. . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. . 373 . 4 . 613–7 . 2008 . 18601899 . 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.06.086 . etal.
• Horie I, Maeda M, Yokoyama S . Tumor necrosis factor-alpha decreases aquaporin-3 expression in DJM-1 keratinocytes. . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. . 387 . 3 . 564–8 . 2009 . 19619514 . 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.07.077 . etal.
• Bellemère G, Von Stetten O, Oddos T . Retinoic acid increases aquaporin 3 expression in normal human skin. . J. Invest. Dermatol. . 128 . 3 . 542–8 . 2008 . 17943189 . 10.1038/sj.jid.5701047. free .
• Cohly HH, Isokpehi R, Rajnarayanan RV . Compartmentalization of aquaporins in the human intestine. . Int J Environ Res Public Health . 5 . 2 . 115–9 . 2008 . 18678926 . 10.3390/ijerph5020115. 2694936. free .
• Lee TC, Ho IC, Lu WJ, Huang JD . Enhanced expression of multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 and reduced expression of aquaglyceroporin 3 in an arsenic-resistant human cell line. . J. Biol. Chem. . 281 . 27 . 18401–7 . 2006 . 16672223 . 10.1074/jbc.M601266200. free .
• Hara-Chikuma M, Verkman AS . 24532416 . Aquaporin-3 facilitates epidermal cell migration and proliferation during wound healing. . J. Mol. Med. . 86 . 2 . 221–31 . 2008 . 17968524 . 10.1007/s00109-007-0272-4.
• Hara-Chikuma M, Takahashi K, Chikuma S . The expression of differentiation markers in aquaporin-3 deficient epidermis. . Arch. Dermatol. Res. . 301 . 3 . 245–52 . 2009 . 19184071 . 10.1007/s00403-009-0927-9 . 3582396. etal.
• Wang J, Tanji N, Kikugawa T . Expression of aquaporin 3 in the human prostate. . Int. J. Urol. . 14 . 12 . 1088–92; discussion 1092 . 2007 . 18036046 . 10.1111/j.1442-2042.2007.01901.x . 34913820 . etal. free .
• Higuchi S, Kubota M, Iguchi K . Transcriptional regulation of aquaporin 3 by insulin. . J. Cell. Biochem. . 102 . 4 . 1051–8 . 2007 . 17471492 . 10.1002/jcb.21350 . 7045806 . etal.
• Tancharoen S, Matsuyama T, Abeyama K . The role of water channel aquaporin 3 in the mechanism of TNF-alpha-mediated proinflammatory events: Implication in periodontal inflammation. . J. Cell. Physiol. . 217 . 2 . 338–49 . 2008 . 18543247 . 10.1002/jcp.21506 . 900588 . etal.
• Richardson SM, Knowles R, Marples D . 24136257 . Aquaporin expression in the human intervertebral disc. . J. Mol. Histol. . 39 . 3 . 303–9 . 2008 . 18247144 . 10.1007/s10735-008-9166-1 . etal.
• Avril-Delplanque A, Casal I, Castillon N . Aquaporin-3 expression in human fetal airway epithelial progenitor cells. . Stem Cells . 23 . 7 . 992–1001 . 2005 . 16043462 . 10.1634/stemcells.2004-0197 . 31421283 . etal. free .
• Kida H, Miyoshi T, Manabe K . 11479553 . Roles of aquaporin-3 water channels in volume-regulatory water flow in a human epithelial cell line. . J. Membr. Biol. . 208 . 1 . 55–64 . 2005 . 16596446 . 10.1007/s00232-005-0819-7 . etal.
• Liu YL, Matsuzaki T, Nakazawa T . Expression of aquaporin 3 (AQP3) in normal and neoplastic lung tissues. . Hum. Pathol. . 38 . 1 . 171–8 . 2007 . 17056099 . 10.1016/j.humpath.2006.07.015 . etal.

External links

• GIL blood group system at BGMUT Blood Group Antigen Gene Mutation Database at NCBI, NIH

Notes and References

1. Marlar S, Jensen HH, Login FH, Nejsum LN . Aquaporin-3 in Cancer . International Journal of Molecular Sciences . 18 . 10 . October 2017 . 2106 . 28991174 . 5666788 . 10.3390/ijms18102106 . free .
2. Sasaki S, Ishibashi K, Marumo F . Aquaporin-2 and -3: representatives of two subgroups of the aquaporin family colocalized in the kidney collecting duct . Annu. Rev. Physiol. . 60 . 199–220 . 1998 . 9558461 . 10.1146/annurev.physiol.60.1.199.
3. Oliveira Pinho J, Matias M, Gaspar MM . Emergent Nanotechnological Strategies for Systemic Chemotherapy against Melanoma . Nanomaterials. 9 . 10 . October 2019 . 1455 . 31614947 . 6836019 . 10.3390/nano9101455 . free .
4. Dibas AI, Mia AJ, Yorio, T . Aquaporins (Water Channels): Role in Vasopressin-Activated Water Transport . Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. . 219 . 3 . 183–99 . 1998 . 9824541 . 10.3181/00379727-219-44332 . 28952956 .
5. Roudier N, Ripoche P, Gane P, Le Pennec PY, Daniels G, Cartron JP, Bailly P . AQP3 deficiency in humans and the molecular basis of a novel blood group system, GIL . J. Biol. Chem. . 277 . 48 . 45854–9 . 2002 . 12239222 . 10.1074/jbc.M208999200. free .
6. Web site: Cancer therapy shows promise for psoriasis treatment. Medical College of Georgia at Augusta. University. medicalxpress.com.
7. Olsson M, Broberg A, Jernãs M . Increased expression of aquaporin 3 in atopic eczema. . Allergy . 61 . 9 . 1132–7 . 2006 . 16918518 . 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2006.01151.x . 7873440 . etal.
8. Shimada K, Hayakawa F, Kiyoi H . Biology and management of primary effusion lymphoma . Blood . 132 . 18 . 1879–1888 . November 2018 . 30154110 . 10.1182/blood-2018-03-791426 . free .