GGA2 explained
ADP-ribosylation factor-binding protein GGA2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GGA2 gene.[1] [2] [3]
Function
This gene encodes a member of the Golgi-localized, gamma adaptin ear-containing, ARF-binding (GGA) family. This family includes ubiquitous coat proteins that regulate the trafficking of proteins between the trans-Golgi network and the lysosome. These proteins share an amino-terminal VHS domain which mediates sorting of the mannose 6-phosphate receptors at the trans-Golgi network. They also contain a carboxy-terminal region with homology to the ear domain of gamma-adaptins. This family member may play a significant role in cargo molecules regulation and clathrin-coated vesicle assembly.[3]
Interactions
GGA2 has been shown to interact with RABEP1,[4] Sortilin 1,[5] [6] BACE2[7] and CLINT1.[8] [9]
Further reading
- Bonaldo MF, Lennon G, Soares MB . Normalization and subtraction: two approaches to facilitate gene discovery . Genome Research . 6 . 9 . 791–806 . Sep 1996 . 8889548 . 10.1101/gr.6.9.791 . free .
- Kikuno R, Nagase T, Ishikawa K, Hirosawa M, Miyajima N, Tanaka A, Kotani H, Nomura N, Ohara O . Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. XIV. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which code for large proteins in vitro . DNA Research . 6 . 3 . 197–205 . Jun 1999 . 10470851 . 10.1093/dnares/6.3.197 . free .
- Loftus BJ, Kim UJ, Sneddon VP, Kalush F, Brandon R, Fuhrmann J, Mason T, Crosby ML, Barnstead M, Cronin L, Deslattes Mays A, Cao Y, Xu RX, Kang HL, Mitchell S, Eichler EE, Harris PC, Venter JC, Adams MD . Genome duplications and other features in 12 Mb of DNA sequence from human chromosome 16p and 16q . Genomics . 60 . 3 . 295–308 . Sep 1999 . 10493829 . 10.1006/geno.1999.5927 .
- Poussu A, Lohi O, Lehto VP . Vear, a novel Golgi-associated protein with VHS and gamma-adaptin "ear" domains . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 275 . 10 . 7176–83 . Mar 2000 . 10702286 . 10.1074/jbc.275.10.7176 . free .
- Dell'Angelica EC, Puertollano R, Mullins C, Aguilar RC, Vargas JD, Hartnell LM, Bonifacino JS . GGAs: a family of ADP ribosylation factor-binding proteins related to adaptors and associated with the Golgi complex . The Journal of Cell Biology . 149 . 1 . 81–94 . Apr 2000 . 10747089 . 2175099 . 10.1083/jcb.149.1.81 .
- Takatsu H, Yoshino K, Nakayama K . Adaptor gamma ear homology domain conserved in gamma-adaptin and GGA proteins that interact with gamma-synergin . Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications . 271 . 3 . 719–25 . May 2000 . 10814529 . 10.1006/bbrc.2000.2700 .
- Puertollano R, Randazzo PA, Presley JF, Hartnell LM, Bonifacino JS . The GGAs promote ARF-dependent recruitment of clathrin to the TGN . Cell . 105 . 1 . 93–102 . Apr 2001 . 11301005 . 10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00299-9 . 1158816 . free .
- Nielsen MS, Madsen P, Christensen EI, Nykjaer A, Gliemann J, Kasper D, Pohlmann R, Petersen CM . The sortilin cytoplasmic tail conveys Golgi-endosome transport and binds the VHS domain of the GGA2 sorting protein . The EMBO Journal . 20 . 9 . 2180–90 . May 2001 . 11331584 . 125444 . 10.1093/emboj/20.9.2180 .
- Puertollano R, Aguilar RC, Gorshkova I, Crouch RJ, Bonifacino JS . Sorting of mannose 6-phosphate receptors mediated by the GGAs . Science . 292 . 5522 . 1712–6 . Jun 2001 . 11387475 . 10.1126/science.1060750 . 2001Sci...292.1712P . 30836125 .
- Zhu Y, Doray B, Poussu A, Lehto VP, Kornfeld S . Binding of GGA2 to the lysosomal enzyme sorting motif of the mannose 6-phosphate receptor . Science . 292 . 5522 . 1716–8 . Jun 2001 . 11387476 . 10.1126/science.1060896 . 2001Sci...292.1716Z . 9453730 .
- Takatsu H, Katoh Y, Shiba Y, Nakayama K . Golgi-localizing, gamma-adaptin ear homology domain, ADP-ribosylation factor-binding (GGA) proteins interact with acidic dileucine sequences within the cytoplasmic domains of sorting receptors through their Vps27p/Hrs/STAM (VHS) domains . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 276 . 30 . 28541–5 . Jul 2001 . 11390366 . 10.1074/jbc.C100218200 . free .
- Jacobsen L, Madsen P, Nielsen MS, Geraerts WP, Gliemann J, Smit AB, Petersen CM . The sorLA cytoplasmic domain interacts with GGA1 and -2 and defines minimum requirements for GGA binding . FEBS Letters . 511 . 1–3 . 155–8 . Jan 2002 . 11821067 . 10.1016/S0014-5793(01)03299-9 . 21977507 . free .
- Doray B, Bruns K, Ghosh P, Kornfeld S . Interaction of the cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor with GGA proteins . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 277 . 21 . 18477–82 . May 2002 . 11886874 . 10.1074/jbc.M201879200 . free .
- Takatsu H, Yoshino K, Toda K, Nakayama K . GGA proteins associate with Golgi membranes through interaction between their GGAH domains and ADP-ribosylation factors . The Biochemical Journal . 365 . Pt 2 . 369–78 . Jul 2002 . 11950392 . 1222692 . 10.1042/BJ20020428 .
- He X, Chang WP, Koelsch G, Tang J . Memapsin 2 (beta-secretase) cytosolic domain binds to the VHS domains of GGA1 and GGA2: implications on the endocytosis mechanism of memapsin 2 . FEBS Letters . 524 . 1–3 . 183–7 . Jul 2002 . 12135764 . 10.1016/S0014-5793(02)03052-1 . 42042430 . free .
- Wasiak S, Legendre-Guillemin V, Puertollano R, Blondeau F, Girard M, de Heuvel E, Boismenu D, Bell AW, Bonifacino JS, McPherson PS . Enthoprotin: a novel clathrin-associated protein identified through subcellular proteomics . The Journal of Cell Biology . 158 . 5 . 855–62 . Sep 2002 . 12213833 . 2173151 . 10.1083/jcb.200205078 .
- Kalthoff C, Groos S, Kohl R, Mahrhold S, Ungewickell EJ . Clint: a novel clathrin-binding ENTH-domain protein at the Golgi . Molecular Biology of the Cell . 13 . 11 . 4060–73 . Nov 2002 . 12429846 . 133614 . 10.1091/mbc.E02-03-0171 .
Notes and References
- Hirst J, Lui WW, Bright NA, Totty N, Seaman MN, Robinson MS . A family of proteins with gamma-adaptin and VHS domains that facilitate trafficking between the trans-Golgi network and the vacuole/lysosome . The Journal of Cell Biology . 149 . 1 . 67–80 . Apr 2000 . 10747088 . 2175106 . 10.1083/jcb.149.1.67 .
- Boman AL, Zhang CJ, Zhu X, Kahn RA . A family of ADP-ribosylation factor effectors that can alter membrane transport through the trans-Golgi . Molecular Biology of the Cell . 11 . 4 . 1241–55 . Apr 2000 . 10749927 . 14844 . 10.1091/mbc.11.4.1241 .
- Web site: Entrez Gene: GGA2 golgi associated, gamma adaptin ear containing, ARF binding protein 2.
- Mattera R, Arighi CN, Lodge R, Zerial M, Bonifacino JS . Divalent interaction of the GGAs with the Rabaptin-5-Rabex-5 complex . The EMBO Journal . 22 . 1 . 78–88 . Jan 2003 . 12505986 . 140067 . 10.1093/emboj/cdg015 .
- Nielsen MS, Madsen P, Christensen EI, Nykjaer A, Gliemann J, Kasper D, Pohlmann R, Petersen CM . The sortilin cytoplasmic tail conveys Golgi-endosome transport and binds the VHS domain of the GGA2 sorting protein . The EMBO Journal . 20 . 9 . 2180–90 . May 2001 . 11331584 . 125444 . 10.1093/emboj/20.9.2180 .
- Jacobsen L, Madsen P, Nielsen MS, Geraerts WP, Gliemann J, Smit AB, Petersen CM . The sorLA cytoplasmic domain interacts with GGA1 and -2 and defines minimum requirements for GGA binding . FEBS Letters . 511 . 1–3 . 155–8 . Jan 2002 . 11821067 . 10.1016/S0014-5793(01)03299-9 . 21977507 . free .
- He X, Chang WP, Koelsch G, Tang J . Memapsin 2 (beta-secretase) cytosolic domain binds to the VHS domains of GGA1 and GGA2: implications on the endocytosis mechanism of memapsin 2 . FEBS Letters . 524 . 1–3 . 183–7 . Jul 2002 . 12135764 . 10.1016/S0014-5793(02)03052-1 . 42042430 . free .
- Wasiak S, Legendre-Guillemin V, Puertollano R, Blondeau F, Girard M, de Heuvel E, Boismenu D, Bell AW, Bonifacino JS, McPherson PS . Enthoprotin: a novel clathrin-associated protein identified through subcellular proteomics . The Journal of Cell Biology . 158 . 5 . 855–62 . Sep 2002 . 12213833 . 2173151 . 10.1083/jcb.200205078 .
- Kalthoff C, Groos S, Kohl R, Mahrhold S, Ungewickell EJ . Clint: a novel clathrin-binding ENTH-domain protein at the Golgi . Molecular Biology of the Cell . 13 . 11 . 4060–73 . Nov 2002 . 12429846 . 133614 . 10.1091/mbc.E02-03-0171 .