GEM (gene) explained

GTP-binding protein GEM is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GEM gene.^{[1] [2] [3]}

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the RAD/GEM family of GTP-binding proteins. It is associated with the inner face of the plasma membrane and could play a role as a regulatory protein in receptor-mediated signal transduction. Alternative splicing occurs at this locus and two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been identified.

Further reading

• Cohen L, Mohr R, Chen YY . Transcriptional activation of a ras-like gene (kir) by oncogenic tyrosine kinases. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 91 . 26 . 12448–52 . 1995 . 7809057 . 10.1073/pnas.91.26.12448 . 45455 . etal. free .
• Santoro T, Maguire J, McBride OW . Chromosomal organization and transcriptional regulation of human GEM and localization of the human and mouse GEM loci encoding an inducible Ras-like protein. . Genomics . 30 . 3 . 558–64 . 1997 . 8825643 . 10.1006/geno.1995.1277 . etal.
• Moyers JS, Bilan PJ, Zhu J, Kahn CR . Rad and Rad-related GTPases interact with calmodulin and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. . J. Biol. Chem. . 272 . 18 . 11832–9 . 1997 . 9115241 . 10.1074/jbc.272.18.11832 . free .
• Béguin P, Nagashima K, Gonoi T . Regulation of Ca2+ channel expression at the cell surface by the small G-protein kir/Gem. . Nature . 411 . 6838 . 701–6 . 2001 . 11395774 . 10.1038/35079621 . 2001Natur.411..701B . 4382776 . etal.
• Aresta S, de Tand-Heim MF, Béranger F, de Gunzburg J . A novel Rho GTPase-activating-protein interacts with Gem, a member of the Ras superfamily of GTPases. . Biochem. J. . 367 . Pt 1 . 57–65 . 2003 . 12093360 . 10.1042/BJ20020829 . 1222866 .
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . etal. free .
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA . The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). . Genome Res. . 14 . 10B . 2121–7 . 2004 . 15489334 . 10.1101/gr.2596504 . 528928 . etal.
• Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T . Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network. . Nature . 437 . 7062 . 1173–8 . 2005 . 16189514 . 10.1038/nature04209 . 2005Natur.437.1173R . 4427026 . etal.
• Kelly K . The RGK family: a regulatory tail of small GTP-binding proteins. . Trends Cell Biol. . 15 . 12 . 640–3 . 2006 . 16242932 . 10.1016/j.tcb.2005.10.002 .
• Opatowsky Y, Sasson Y, Shaked I . Structure-function studies of the G-domain from human gem, a novel small G-protein. . FEBS Lett. . 580 . 25 . 5959–64 . 2006 . 17052716 . 10.1016/j.febslet.2006.09.067 . 1934412 . etal.
• Splingard A, Ménétrey J, Perderiset M . Biochemical and structural characterization of the gem GTPase. . J. Biol. Chem. . 282 . 3 . 1905–15 . 2007 . 17107948 . 10.1074/jbc.M604363200 . etal. free .

Notes and References

1. Maguire J, Santoro T, Jensen P, Siebenlist U, Yewdell J, Kelly K . Gem: an induced, immediate early protein belonging to the Ras family . Science . 265 . 5169 . 241–4 . Aug 1994 . 7912851 . 10.1126/science.7912851 . 1994Sci...265..241M .
2. Ward Y, Yap SF, Ravichandran V, Matsumura F, Ito M, Spinelli B, Kelly K . The GTP binding proteins Gem and Rad are negative regulators of the Rho-Rho kinase pathway . J Cell Biol . 157 . 2 . 291–302 . Apr 2002 . 11956230 . 2199248 . 10.1083/jcb.200111026 .
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: GEM GTP binding protein overexpressed in skeletal muscle.