GDF10 explained

Growth differentiation factor 10 (GDF10) also known as bone morphogenetic protein 3B (BMP-3B) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GDF10 gene.^[1]

GDF10 belongs to the transforming growth factor beta superfamily that is closely related to bone morphogenetic protein-3 (BMP3). It plays a role in head formation and may have multiple roles in skeletal morphogenesis.^{[1] [2]} GDF10 is also known as BMP-3b, with GDF10 and BMP3 regarded as a separate subgroup within the TGF-beta superfamily.^[1]

In mice, GDF10 mRNA is abundant in the brain, inner ear, uterus, prostate, neural tissues, blood vessels and adipose tissue with low expression in spleen and liver. It is also present in bone of both adults and neonatal mice.^[1] Human GDF10 mRNA is found in the cochlea and lung of foetuses, and in testis, retina, pineal gland, and other neural tissues of adults.^[3]

References

Further reading

• Davila S, Froeling FE, Tan A . New genetic associations detected in a host response study to hepatitis B vaccine. . Genes Immun. . 11 . 3 . 232–8 . 2010 . 20237496 . 10.1038/gene.2010.1 . etal. free .
• Ducy P, Karsenty G . The family of bone morphogenetic proteins. . Kidney Int. . 57 . 6 . 2207–14 . 2000 . 10844590 . 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2000.00081.x . free .
• Grupe A, Li Y, Rowland C . A scan of chromosome 10 identifies a novel locus showing strong association with late-onset Alzheimer disease. . Am. J. Hum. Genet. . 78 . 1 . 78–88 . 2006 . 16385451 . 10.1086/498851 . 1380225 . etal.
• Hino J, Takao M, Takeshita N . cDNA cloning and genomic structure of human bone morphogenetic protein-3B (BMP-3b). . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. . 223 . 2 . 304–10 . 1996 . 8670277 . 10.1006/bbrc.1996.0889 . etal.
• Zhou M, Lucas DA, Chan KC . An investigation into the human serum "interactome". . Electrophoresis . 25 . 9 . 1289–98 . 2004 . 15174051 . 10.1002/elps.200405866 . 42449980 . etal.
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2002 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . etal. free .
• Kimura K, Toyooka S, Tsukuda K . The aberrant promoter methylation of BMP3b and BMP6 in malignant pleural mesotheliomas. . Oncol. Rep. . 20 . 5 . 1265–8 . 2008 . 18949431 . 10.3892/or_00000139 . etal. free .
• Lafont JE, Talma S, Hopfgarten C, Murphy CL . Hypoxia promotes the differentiated human articular chondrocyte phenotype through SOX9-dependent and -independent pathways. . J. Biol. Chem. . 283 . 8 . 4778–86 . 2008 . 18077449 . 10.1074/jbc.M707729200 . free .

Notes and References

1. Cunningham NS, Jenkins NA, Gilbert DJ, Copeland NG, Reddi AH, Lee SJ . Growth/differentiation factor-10: a new member of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily related to bone morphogenetic protein-3 . Growth Factors . 12 . 2 . 99–109 . 1995 . 8679252 . 10.3109/08977199509028956.
2. Hino J, Kangawa K, Matsuo H, Nohno T, Nishimatsu S . Bone morphogenetic protein-3 family members and their biological functions . Front Biosci . 9 . 1–3. 1520–9 . 2004. 14977563 . 10.2741/1355. free .
3. Katoh Y, Katoh M . Comparative integromics on BMP/GDF family . Int J Mol Med . 17 . 5 . 951–5 . 2006 . 16596286 . 10.3892/ijmm.17.5.951. free .