GCM1 explained

Chorion-specific transcription factor GCMa is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the GCM1 gene.^{[1] [2]}

This gene encodes a DNA-binding protein with a gcm-motif (glial cell missing motif). The encoded protein is a homolog of the Drosophila glial cells missing gene (gcm). This protein binds to the GCM-motif (A/G)CCCGCAT, a novel sequence among known targets of DNA-binding proteins. The N-terminal DNA-binding domain confers the unique DNA-binding activity of this protein.^[3]

Further reading

• Yamada K, Ogawa H, Honda S . A GCM motif protein is involved in placenta-specific expression of human aromatase gene. . J. Biol. Chem. . 274 . 45 . 32279–86 . 1999 . 10542267 . 10.1074/jbc.274.45.32279 . etal. free .
• Nait-Oumesmar B, Copperman AB, Lazzarini RA . Placental expression and chromosomal localization of the human Gcm 1 gene. . J. Histochem. Cytochem. . 48 . 7 . 915–22 . 2000 . 10858268 . 10.1177/002215540004800704. free .
• Yamada K, Ogawa H, Tamiya G . Genomic organization, chromosomal localization, and the complete 22 kb DNA sequence of the human GCMa/GCM1, a placenta-specific transcription factor gene. . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. . 278 . 1 . 134–9 . 2001 . 11071865 . 10.1006/bbrc.2000.3775 . etal.
• Yu C, Shen K, Lin M . GCMa regulates the syncytin-mediated trophoblastic fusion. . J. Biol. Chem. . 277 . 51 . 50062–8 . 2003 . 12397062 . 10.1074/jbc.M209316200 . etal. free .
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . etal. free .
• Mungall AJ, Palmer SA, Sims SK . The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6. . Nature . 425 . 6960 . 805–11 . 2003 . 14574404 . 10.1038/nature02055 . 2003Natur.425..805M . etal. free .
• Chen CP, Chen CY, Yang YC . Decreased placental GCM1 (glial cells missing) gene expression in pre-eclampsia. . Placenta . 25 . 5 . 413–21 . 2005 . 15081636 . 10.1016/j.placenta.2003.10.014 . etal.
• Baczyk D, Satkunaratnam A, Nait-Oumesmar B . Complex patterns of GCM1 mRNA and protein in villous and extravillous trophoblast cells of the human placenta. . Placenta . 25 . 6 . 553–9 . 2004 . 15135239 . 10.1016/j.placenta.2003.12.004 . etal.
• Schubert SW, Kardash E, Khan MA . Interaction, cooperative promoter modulation, and renal colocalization of GCMa and Pitx2. . J. Biol. Chem. . 279 . 48 . 50358–65 . 2005 . 15385555 . 10.1074/jbc.M404587200 . etal. free .
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA . The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). . Genome Res. . 14 . 10B . 2121–7 . 2004 . 15489334 . 10.1101/gr.2596504 . 528928 . etal.
• Yang CS, Yu C, Chuang HC . FBW2 targets GCMa to the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation system. . J. Biol. Chem. . 280 . 11 . 10083–90 . 2005 . 15640526 . 10.1074/jbc.M413986200 . etal. free .
• Knerr I, Schubert SW, Wich C . Stimulation of GCMa and syncytin via cAMP mediated PKA signaling in human trophoblastic cells under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. . FEBS Lett. . 579 . 18 . 3991–8 . 2005 . 16004993 . 10.1016/j.febslet.2005.06.029 . 46648257 . etal.
• Chang CW, Chuang HC, Yu C . Stimulation of GCMa transcriptional activity by cyclic AMP/protein kinase A signaling is attributed to CBP-mediated acetylation of GCMa. . Mol. Cell. Biol. . 25 . 19 . 8401–14 . 2005 . 16166624 . 10.1128/MCB.25.19.8401-8414.2005 . 1265739 . etal.
• Chuang HC, Chang CW, Chang GD . Histone deacetylase 3 binds to and regulates the GCMa transcription factor. . Nucleic Acids Res. . 34 . 5 . 1459–69 . 2006 . 16528103 . 10.1093/nar/gkl048 . 1401512 . etal.
• Fujito N, Samura O, Miharu N . Increased plasma mRNAs of placenta-specific 1 (PLAC1) and glial cells-missing 1 (GCM1) in mothers with pre-eclampsia. . Hiroshima J. Med. Sci. . 55 . 1 . 9–15 . 2007 . 16594548 . etal.
• Chou CC, Chang C, Liu JH . Small ubiquitin-like modifier modification regulates the DNA binding activity of glial cell missing Drosophila homolog a. . J. Biol. Chem. . 282 . 37 . 27239–49 . 2007 . 17646165 . 10.1074/jbc.M700351200 . etal. free .

Notes and References

1. Akiyama Y, Hosoya T, Poole AM, Hotta Y . The gcm-motif: a novel DNA-binding motif conserved in Drosophila and mammals . Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A . 93 . 25 . 14912–6 . Jan 1997 . 8962155 . 26236 . 10.1073/pnas.93.25.14912 . free .
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: GCM1 glial cells missing homolog 1 (Drosophila).
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: GCM1 glial cells missing homolog 1 (Drosophila).